Instrument's Convergent Validity Research Articles

Adaptation of the «Physical Resilience Instrument for Older Adults (PRIFOR)» on the Ukrainian sample

Introduction. The study of the phenomenon of resilience as the individual's ability to recover is extremely relevant due to the full-scale war, which causes chronic stress, emotional and physical trauma, etc. That is why psychologists face the need for a deep and detailed study of the features of resilience as an important ability to recover after stressful and traumatic events. Aim: to adapt the «Physical Resilience Instrument for Older Adults (PRIFOR)» (Fang-Wen Hu, Cheng-Han Lin, Fang-RuYueh, Yu-Tai Lo & Chung-Ying Lin) to the Ukrainian sample, to check the instrument statements' reliability and discrimination as well as to carry out validation and standardization of its scales on the Ukrainian sample. Methods. To check the instrument's convergent validity, standardized the following questionnaires were used: «Personal Resources» (O.V. Savchenko, S.A. Sukach); «Conor-Davidson Stress Resistance Scale (CD-RISC-10)» (adapted by N.V. Shkolina, I.I. Shapoval, I.V. Orlova, I.O. Kedyk, and M.A. Stanislavchuk); «Learned Resourcefulness» (adapted by B.V. Biron). Results: The «Physical Resilience Instrument for Older Adults (PRIFOR)» by Fang-Wen Hu, Cheng-HanLin, Fang-Ru Yueh, Yu-Tai Lo & Chung-Ying Lin" was successfully adapted to the Ukrainian sample and standardized, as well as the test norms were developed, which makes it possible to use the Instrument for the analysis of the general index and individual scales of individuals' resilience. Conclusions. The Ukrainian version of the «Instrument for the Study of Resilience (IDR-14)» can be helpful for psychological assessment of and planning of work with military personnel and individuals who need recovery after stress, illness and mental and physical injuries.

The Voice Problem Impact Scales (VPIS)

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are important for systematically assessing a person's perspectives and experiences with disease to inform clinical decision-making. However, PROMs can occasionally fail to capture subtle differences amongst subgroups. In response to this problem, the aim of the current study was to examine the convergent validity of four patient-reported voice activity and participation scales to better reflect and describe the impact of a voice problem in a patient's work, home, social and overall life. It was hypothesized that augmenting the validated PROM with a directed situational short instrument may enhance patient and clinician communication. This would allow for further description of individual areas of activity limitations or participation restrictions that are relevant to the patient, potentially informing therapeutic goals. The Voice Problem Impact Scales (VPIS) were developed following the criteria outlined by Francis et al (2016). A retrospective chart review was completed for voice therapy treatment seeking patients at the USC Voice Center. Results from the Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10) and VPIS scores were recorded at the time of the evaluation. Consensus Auditory Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V) assessment was performed by an SLP with fellowship training in voice. Three hundred four charts were reviewed, and 198 met inclusion criteria. When considering all patients, VHI-10 scores were significantly correlated with each domain of the VPIS, including overall (R = 0.635, P < 0.001), work (R = 0.436, P < 0.001), social (R = 0.714, P < 0.001), and home (R = 0.637, P < 0.001). For females aged 18-39 and aged ≥60, the VHI-10 was correlated with all domains except work. CAPE-V score was significantly correlated with the social domain (R = 0.236, P = 0.001). Using the corrected significance level, it was not correlated with the overall (R = 0.165, P = 0.022), home (R = 0.197, P = 0.006), or work domains (R = 0.042, P = 0.567). The VHI-10 was not correlated with any of the VPIS domains for males aged 18-39, was correlated with all domains for males aged 40-59, and was correlated with all domains except work for males aged ≥60. Age was the only significant predictor of the work domain (β = -4.631 P < 0.001), with a model fit of R2 = 0.101. Scores from each domain of the VPIS are significantly correlated with VHI-10 scores thus confirming the instrument's convergent validity. There are certain groups for which currently used questionnaires may underrepresent the impact of dysphonia on the patient's life. The VPIS represents a broad tool that might allow the patient to interpret each scale within their individual context and cultural background. The VPIS emphasizes the significance of the dysphonia on quality of life in four common environments. Using this instrument can augment questionnaires and initiate conversations between the provider and patient to determine the area(s) where voice impairment is most important enhancing shared decision-making on therapeutic goals for plan of care.

The reliability and validity of the Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly for assessing fear and activity avoidance among stroke survivors.

IntroductionActivity restriction due to fear of falling is a common problem after a stroke. It can lead to deteriorated physical condition, restricted social participation and deprived quality of life. The Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly (SAFE) was developed to assess these difficulties, and its utility has been demonstrated among the older adults and older people with Parkinson’s disease. This study aimed to expand those demonstrations to community-dwelling chronic stroke survivors using a Chinese translation of the instrument.MethodsOne hundred and eight elderly individuals with a history of stroke completed the Chinese version of the SAFE (SAFE-C). The internal consistency of their responses was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Twenty of the same subjects were reassessed after a 1-week interval to assess the instrument’s test-retest reliability. Structure validity was examined by exploratory factor analysis. Pearson correlation was used to establish the instrument’s convergent validity with respect to the results from the Chinese version of the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC-C) and the Chinese version of the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale (IADL-C).ResultsThe items of the SAFE-C demonstrated excellent internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alphas of 0.90. The SAFE-C also had excellent test-retest reliability with an overall intra-class correlaton coefficient of 0.91. A 1-factor structure termed “fear avoidance circumstances” was identified and it was shown to be consistent with the original measure developed among community-living older people. The correlations between the SAFE-C and the ABC-C (r = -0.68) and the IADL-C (r = -0.57) confirmed the convergent validity.ConclusionsFear avoidance behavior is a homogeneous construct applicable to people with stroke-specific impairments alike. The SAFE-C is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring the level of fear avoidance behavior among community-dwelling stroke survivors. Stroke survivors with good functional mobility revealed a low level of fear and avoidance as measured by the SAFE-C.

Evidências de validade da Global Measure of Relationship Satisfaction (GMREL) em três amostras da população portuguesa

A satisfacao relacional representa um construto de pertinencia reconhecida para a avaliacao rela-cional e em estreita conexao com diversas valencias da saude. A Global Measure of Relationship Satisfaction (GMREL) e formada por cinco itens e pretende avaliar a satisfacao global com o companheiro/a no contexto de uma relacao intima. Foram estudadas as evidencias de validade de construto e precisao dos escores desta escala em tres amostras da populacao portuguesa, nomeadamente uma amostra clinica de pessoas com problemas relacionais (N = 56), uma amostra comunitaria de pessoas sem estes problemas (N = 95) e uma amostra da comunidade de ambos os generos (N= 669). A Escala de Avaliacao da Satisfacao em Areas da Vida Conjugal foi empregue para investigar a validade convergente do instrumento, a Body Appearance Cognitive Distraction Scale para a validade divergente e, por fim, o estudo da Roc Curve com a amostra clinica e da comunidade para a validade discriminante. Os resultados indicam que a escala apresenta boas qualidades psicometricas para utilizacao em contexto clinico e de investigacao.

Psychometric Properties of the Primary Care Behavioral Health Screen

The Primary Care Behavioral Health Screen (PCBHS) is a self-report instrument developed to screen for behavioral health problems in primary care settings. The present paper describes development of the PCBHS and reports findings from item analyses and studies examining the instrument's convergent validity and test-retest reliability. Results suggest the PCBHS is a useful and valid method for screening a variety of behavioral health problems in a busy primary care practice. Recommendations for further research on the PCBHS are provided.

Adaptación y validación española del Adolescent-Cannabis Problems Questionnaire (CPQ-A)

Cannabis is a widely used substance among adolescents and young adults, but demand for help and treatment from this age group continues to be low. It is therefore essential to develop instruments especially designed for the early detection of problems associated with cannabis use in this population. The purpose of this work is to adapt and validate the CPQ-A (Adolescent Cannabis Problems Questionnaire) for its use as a screening instrument in Spanish population. The sample was made up of 144 young people (71.5% male) aged 16 to 20 (M = 17.12; SD = 1.17) who had used cannabis in the last month and were on some kind of study or training course at various educational institutions in Asturias (a region in northern Spain). Factor analysis of the CPQ-A in this sample provides evidence of a unidimensional structure, with a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.86 for the questionnaire. The evidence also shows that the instrument's convergent validity is good. The CPQ-A score permits discrimination between moderate and excessive cannabis users over the last month, is positively related to score on the CAST (Cannabis Abuse Screening Test), and presents adequate sensitivity and specificity for identifying cases of cannabis abuse and dependence according to the DSM IV-TR criteria. It is also sensitive to young people's degree of concern about cannabis use and the psychopathological effects associated with it. In accordance with the results obtained, the CPQ-A can be considered a useful screening tool for young cannabis users with problems.

Développement d’une échelle de mesure des conditions de l’estime de soi auprès d’adolescents francophones – ÉMCESA

This article presents the findings of three studies aiming to develop and validate a French-language scale of adolescents’ self-esteem conditions, the Adolescents’ Self-Esteem Conditions Scale (ASECS). Designed for young people from the beginning to the end of adolescence, the 30-item scale measures to which extent youths base their self-esteem on positive and negative events related to their social acceptance, physical appearance, sportive and athletic performance, body weight and academic achievement. In the first study, the ASECS was administered to a sample of 431 francophone students from grade 7th to grade 11th. Seven weeks later, 372 of these students were invited to answer the questionnaire once more. Exploratory factor analysis yielded five factors with high internal consistency and strong test-retest reliability. In the second study, the five-factor model was confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis on data from 1523 francophone 7th–11th graders. Finally, finding from the third study ( n = 344) demonstrated the instrument's convergent validity. The results from the three studies establish the ASECS’ strong psychometric properties. The discussion focuses on its usefulness in research and intervention among adolescents.

Measuring Stroke Impact with SIS: Construct Validity of SIS Telephone Administration

The purpose of this study was to examine the construct validity of the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) using telephone mode of administration. Stroke patients were identified using national VA administrative data and ICD-9 codes in 13 participating VA hospitals. Stroke was confirmed by reviewing electronic medical records. Patients were administered SIS by telephone at 12-weeks post-stroke, and administered the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and SF-36V at 16 weeks post-stroke. The instrument's convergent validity and its ability to differentiate between groups of stroke patients with different disability levels were examined using Pearson's correlations and Kruskal-Wallis one way ANOVA tests. All the relevant relationships yielded high correlation coefficients with statistical significance: 0.86 for FIM-motor vs. SIS-ADL, and 0.77 for PF in SF-36V vs. SIS-PHYSICAL. The SIS presented better score discrimination and distribution for different severity of stroke than FIM and SF-36V without severe ceiling and floor effects. Kruskal-Wallis tests showed the Physical Component Score of SF-36V did not discriminate any disability levels. Physical functioning (PF) in SF-36V, FIM-motor, SIS-PHYSICAL, SIS-16, and SIS-ADL showed better discrimination in person's functioning. The pairwise comparisons showed that SIS-PHYSICAL, SIS-16, and SIS-ADL discriminated more Rankin levels than FIM-motor and PF in SF-36V. SIS telephone survey had superior convergent validity and was better at differentiating between groups of stroke patients with different disability levels than the FIM and SF-36V with no evidence of ceiling and floor effects. Telephone administration of SIS would be a useful and cost-effective method to follow-up community dwelling veterans with stroke.