Instrumental Activities Of Daily Research Articles

Evaluating the impact of falls on functional and psychosocial aspects of older adults: a quantitative study

ABSTRACTOlder adults are particularly susceptible to falls, which significantly impact their quality of life, cognitive and functional health, increasing the risk of further falls, hospitalizations, and greater demand for services from the Unified Health System (SUS). This quantitative study investigated the impacts of falls on the elderly, focusing on functional and psychosocial aspects, in patients treated at the Cidade-Alta Basic Health Unit, located in Maringá-PR, between 2018 and 2023, using a questionnaire that covered socioeconomic data, medical history, and scales for geriatric depression, functional capacity, and quality of life (WhoqolBref). The study involved 81 elderly individuals, predominantly women (60%), aged 70 to 80 years, with low education levels and income up to two minimum wages. Of the participants, 20 had recent falls, mostly at home, with 85% presenting sequelae and many reporting the use of medications associated with falls. Despite signs of mild depression, the overall quality of life remained generally satisfactory, but with limitations in instrumental daily life activities, suggesting a reduction in autonomy.

Health Outcomes Masyarakat: Mengukur Seberapa Penting Peran BPJS Kesehatan di Kota Serang

<p align="justify"><em>Public health is very important and affects the quality of life of individuals and society as a whole. Community health outcomes refer to individual and population health outcomes that can be measured in various dimensions such as mortality rates, morbidity rates, quality of life, and so on. Studies on community health outcomes are very important because they can provide an overview of the health of a population and the factors that influence it. In Indonesia, BPJS Health is a health insurance program that all citizens must have. This program aims to ensure that all Indonesian citizens can access affordable and quality health services. The aim of this study is to measure how important the role of BPJS Kesehatan is in improving the health outcomes of people in Serang City. The research method used in this research is a survey method specifically designed to obtain information about the results or impact of health interventions or medical care on individuals or populations as measured in the form of changes in health status, whether clinical, functional or quality of life. The survey was conducted using a modified questionnaire from the US Health and Retirement Study (HRS). The sampling technique used purposive sampling, where the selected respondents focused on people who were over 45 years old and had been BPJS Health participants for more than 2 years. The results of the study explain that the role of BPJS Health on SRH Selft Rated Health, the number of diseases, the number of limitations in daily activities, and the number of difficulties in daily instrumental activities have a significant effect. This research shows that BPJS Health has an important role in improving public health in Serang City</em><em>. </em></p>

The effect of rosemary hydroalcoholic extract on cognitive function and activities of daily living of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A clinical trial

BackgroundIn patients living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cognitive impairment and reduced activities of daily living (ADLs) are associated with poor clinical outcomes. AimThe aim of the present study was to determine the effect of rosemary hydroalcoholic extract on cognitive function and ADLs in patients with COPD. MethodsA total of 77 COPD patients aged 40–80 years were assigned to two intervention and control groups by random stratified block method in the current tripleblind clinical trial. The intervention group received 500 mg rosemary capsules and the control group received oral capsules containing corn powder twice a day, one to two hours before breakfast and dinner, for two months. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B), London Chest Activity of Daily Living scale (LCADL) and Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) were used to measure cognitive function and the measure of basic and instrumental daily life activities, before and after the intervention, respectively. ResultsThe mean total score of cognitive function (P = 0.022) and the two subscales of abstraction (P = 0.003) and naming (P = 0.034) significantly increased after the intervention in the intervention group. There was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of changes in the mean scores of IADL and LCADL (P < 0.05). The final statistical model showed that the changes in the total mean score of cognitive function (P = 0.014) and IADL (P = 0.047) in intervention group patients are significantly higher than in the control group after adjusting the effect of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). ConclusionThe rosemary hydroalcoholic extract can be effective in improving cognitive function and IADL in patients with COPD, but not LCADL. Clinical Trials Registration NumberIRCT20150919024080N16

The Association between Executive Function and Performing Instrumental Daily Activities in People with Intellectual Disabilities.

Institutionalized individuals with intellectual disabilities have few opportunities to participate in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), which probably affects higher cognitive functions, or vice versa. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the possible difference in the ability to perform IADLs and executive functioning between individuals with and without intellectual disabilities and to determine if executive functions are associated with the performance of IADLs in people with intellectual disabilities. This was a multi-center cross-sectional study, conducted between July 2019 and May 2020. Participants with intellectual disabilities were recruited from four centers for people with intellectual disabilities. Adults without these disabilities were gathered from several community centers. The sample consisted of 90 individuals with moderate intellectual disabilities and 79 individuals with no intellectual disability. Executive functions were evaluated using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-WAIS-IV, the INECO Frontal Screening test, the Semantic Verbal Fluency Test, and the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome-BADS-Scale. The performance of the IADLs was assessed by the Lawton and Brody Scale. The results showed that the higher the function in instrumental activities, the lower the impairment of executive functions. Executive functions accounted for 81% of the total variance in the ability to perform the IADLs. In conclusion, individuals with moderate intellectual disabilities demonstrated limitations in executing the IADLs, which were partially associated with low performance in executive functions. This information could help in the development of evidence-based intervention programs and facilitate the formulation of appropriate support strategies to enhance participation in these activities.

Melatonin and Cytokines Modulate Daily Instrumental Activities of Elderly People with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

The Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment analyzes the health and quality of life of the elderly. Basic and instrumental daily activities may be compromised due to neuroimmunoendocrine changes, and studies suggest that possible immunological changes occur during infections in the elderly. Thus, this study aimed to analyze cytokine and melatonin levels in serum and correlate the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in elderly patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The sample consisted of 73 elderly individuals, 43 of whom were without infection and 30 of whom had positive diagnoses of COVID-19. Blood samples were collected to quantify cytokines by flow cytometry and melatonin by ELISA. In addition, structured and validated questionnaires were applied to assess basic (Katz) and instrumental (Lawton and Brody) activities. There was an increase in IL-6, IL-17, and melatonin in the group of elderly individuals with infection. In addition, a positive correlation was observed between melatonin and IL-6 and IL-17 in elderly patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, there was a reduction in the score of the Lawton and Brody Scale in the infected elderly. These data suggest that the melatonin hormone and inflammatory cytokines are altered in the serum of the elderly with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, there is a degree of dependence, mainly regarding the performance of daily instrumental activities, in the elderly. The considerable impact on the elderly person's ability to perform everyday tasks necessary for independent living is an extremely important result, and changes in cytokines and melatonin probably are associated with alterations in these daily activities of the elderly.

Time usage analysis according to occupational area and satisfaction level in family caregivers of dementia patients.

This study was designed to investigate the difference between the family caregivers of dementia patients (hereafter referred to as dementia family) and the non-family caregivers of dementia patients (hereafter referred to as non-dementia family) in terms of time usage. A total of 102 dementia families who responded to the 'time use survey' in 2019 were enrolled in the study. 101 non-dementia families include families who did not respond to the 'dementia' item, and simple random sampling was performed. Time usage according to occupational area and satisfaction level were analyzed based on the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework-Fourth Edition (OTPF-4). Statistical analyses were completed using IBM SPSS 25. The data was analyzed by using frequency analysis and independent two-sample t-test. A level of p<0.05 was used as a cut-off for statistical significance. As for the time consumption by occupational area of dementia families and non-dementia families, dementia families spent more time than non-dementia families in instrumental daily life activities. The increase in the time for instrumental activities of daily living, including the time for caring for dementia patients, may lead to changes in time use for members of the family with dementia. By comparing the time usage by occupational area according to gender within the dementia families, it was possible to find out the difference between male and female instrumental daily activities and health care time use. The difference in time use according to gender showed that women took on more caring roles than men, and actually spent more time than men. The amount of time used between the dementia family and the non-dementia family differed according to the group and gender. These results suggest that dementia can cause changes in the time usage of dementia family. Therefore, this study recognizes the need for efficient use of time for dementia families and suggests that there is a need for a balanced use of time according to gender.

A different outlook to consequences of anemia in older adults

ABSTRACT Objectives Anemia is a common health issue in older adults with crucial consequences. We aimed to investigate the relationship of anemia with various components of geriatric syndromes. Methods A total of 486 older individuals aged 65 and over admitted to a university hospital were included in this cross-sectional study. According to WHO criteria, we defined anemia as hemoglobin concentration lower than 13 g/dL in men and 12 g/dL in women. The Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) criteria were used to diagnose sarcopenia. Handgrip strength (HGS) was measured by a hand dynamometer. Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) questionnaires were used to evaluate functionality. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) questionnaires were also used. Results Participants’ mean age was 72.2 ± 6.4 years and 58.8% of them were female. Ninety-two of 486 patients were anemic and 64.1% of anemic patients were female. Anemic group had lower IADL, EQ-5D, HGS scores, and higher GDS scores. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, age, and anemia were found to be independent risk factors for dependency in IADL in both genders. Anemia, age, and depression were found to be independent risk factors for low HGS in women. Conclusion Anemia and depression are independent factors for low HGS in women, and anemia and age are independent factors for dependency on instrumental daily activities in older persons. Treating depression and raising Hb to optimal levels may be critical interventions to improve the health and life quality of people aged 65 and over, particularly in the female gender.

Predictors of Daily Activity Performance of Children with Autism and its Association to Autism Characteristics

Background: The daily activity performance of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a central focus of occupational therapists. Yet, the existing performance-based assessments of basic and instrumental daily activities in children are limited and their application on children with ASD is scarce. The purpose of this study is to examine if daily activity performance of children with ASD is impaired as compared to children with typical development (TD), and to examine possible predictors of daily activity performance in children with ASD.

The Utility of an Occupational Therapy Intervention Using Information and Communication Technology during the COVID-19 Infection: An Intervention Report of a University Student with Autism Spectrum Disorder

A client living with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) went to the university and lived alone for the first time. Given the coronavirus situation, he participated in on-demand classes from his apartment from the beginning of his enrollment, and as a result over time he became unable to sustain a distinction between his academic and personal time. As a consequence, he was no longer able to complete his class assignments and, therefore, asked us for help. We implemented remote occupational therapy (OT) using information and communication technology (ICT). We emphasized teaching instrumental daily activities, daily scheduling, communication, and mental health maintenance. We implemented an OT program that encouraged the client to re-establish his daily rhythms. The program improved the client’s daytime routine and allowed them to work on assignments for on-demand classes at the university. We show that using ICT to work on the study of this case (1) does not depend on physical distance, (2) can work when needed, (3) can work as many times as needed in a day, and (4) can provide continuous support in place of face-to-face contact. These findings suggest that regular remote OT visits may help students living with ASD to continue with their university life.

Fear of falling as a potential complication of Ramsay Hunt syndrome in older adults: a case report

BackgroundFear of falling (FOF) is a common and major health concern in older adults. The consequences of FOF include reduced physical performance, social activity, and health-related quality of life. Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS) is a herpes zoster-related facial nerve dysfunction accompanied by an erythematous vesicular rash on the ear or mouth that may complicate ipsilateral facial paralysis and otalgia, vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, and meningoencephalitis. However, repeated falls and subsequent FOF due to RHS have not been reported in older adults.Case presentationA 65-year-old woman diagnosed with RHS experienced repeated falls during hospital admission and after discharge. Despite recovery of balance and no subsequent falls, the patient presented with persistent FOF at the geriatric outpatient follow-up visit 1 year after the RHS episode. The fear sensation impaired the patient’s instrumental daily activities and was confirmed by documentation of serial comprehensive geriatric assessments, especially the Timed Up and Go test scores.ConclusionsRHS may cause repeated falls and FOF, leading to impairment in daily activities and psychosocial function in older adults. Therefore, clinicians should be mindful of falls and FOF when caring for older patients with RHS and should develop multidimensional strategies for fall prevention and FOF.

Subjective Aging Difficulties among Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline.

In older adults, subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may progress to an early stage of dementia. Yet, its association with subjective daily functional difficulties in aging is less well studied by experiences of mentally unhealthy days (MUDs). Employing a cross-sectional design approach, we analyzed the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System dataset on 7429 older adults with SCD (aged 65 to >80, 45% males, 55% females) to explore SCD in instrumental daily activities of living (SCD-IADLs) and healthcare access mediation by MUDs and moderated mediation by age cohort, controlling gender and education. The bias-corrected percentile bootstrap with 5000 samplings revealed that MUDs partially mediate the relationship between SCD-IADLs and healthcare access, with a 28.2% mediating effect. Age cohort moderated the relationship between healthcare access and MUDs, MUDs and SCD-IADLs. Specifically, the predictive effects from healthcare access to MUDs and MUDs to SCD-IADLs were more profound in the 70-74 age cohort.

Factors associated with the use of assistive technologies in elders in their home environments

Objective: to identify the factors associated with the use of assistive technologies by elders in their home environment. Methods: cross-sectional, analytical, and exploratory study with 127 elders capable of answering the data collection instruments. Analyses were carried out using Student's t, Pearson's correlation, and linear regression. Results: in regard to the type of assistive device used, 52.8% of interviewees used orthoses or prostheses, 48.8% used shower chairs, and 47.2% used wheelchairs. In the comparative analysis of the means, there was a statistically significant association between basic daily life activities and cognitive state. In basic daily life activities (r=0.52), as the score of the elderly in Katz's Index increases, the use of assistive devices also increases. In turn, as the Lawton and Brody Scale (r=-0.279) increases, the number of devices decreases. Conclusion: the prevalence of elders who use assistive devices in their homes was high, showing a direct association with their functional capacity and their performance of basic and instrumental daily life activities. Contributions to practice: this research contributes for the organization of elderly assistance by nursing workers, encouraging elder independence and autonomy.

심부전 환자의 신체적 수행 능력에 따른 도구적 일상생활 수준과 인지 수준의 연관성

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the level of physical functional ability in patients with heart failure and to suggest the correlation between cognitive level and instrumental daily activity level with physical function ability.&#x0D; Methods: The study included individuals who were diagnosed with heart failure and those who were not diagnosed with stroke. Among 66 patients who were tested for weakness at S Hospital located in Gyeonggi-do from June 2021 to April 2022, data from 56 patients were selected and analyzed.&#x0D; Results: In the correlation between MMSE-K and SPPB, balance (r = .381, p &lt; .01), gait speed (r = .368, p &lt; .01), chair stand (r = .245, p &gt;.05), and total score (r = .387, p &lt; .01) showed a positive correlation except for the chair stand. In the correlation between K-IADL and SPPB, balance (r = −.532, p &lt; .01), gait speed (r = −.644, p &lt; .01), chair stand (r = −.391, p &lt; .01), and total score (r = −.600, p &lt; .01) showed a negative correlation. The higher the simple physical function, the higher the cognitive level and the lower the level of need for help in the level of instrumental daily activities.&#x0D; Conclusion: A correlation was found between the level of physical function and the level of cognitive and instrumental daily activities in patients with heart failure; thus, its evaluation is essential.

Medication management and treatment adherence in Parkinson's disease patients with mild cognitive impairment.

The key feature that distinguishes mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from dementia is the absence of significant functional decline because of cognitive impairment. In Parkinson's disease patients (PD) with MCI (PD-MCI), the effect of cognitive impairment on complex instrumental daily activities, such as medication management, is not well established. 26 patients with PD-MCI (diagnosed to Level 2 Movement Disorders Society diagnostic criteria) and 32 idiopathic PD patients without cognitive impairment participated in the study. A detailed neuropsychological testing battery (including tests for attention and working memory, executive functions, language, visuospatial functions, episodic memory) and various prospective memory tasks were applied to the patients. Medication taking behaviors were evaluated using two different methods based on the performance (medication management ability assessment) and self-reporting (adherence scale). The PD-MCI group obtained significantly lower scores in medication management assessment and made more mistakes on following prescription instructions (e.g., they took more or less tablets and did not use medications as instructed with regard to meal times). Cognitive areas predicting success in medication management performance were language, event-based prospective memory and visuospatial functions. There was no significant difference between the two groups' self-reporting of adherence. Mild cognitive impairment in patients with PD adversely affects medication management. Diagnosing MCI in PD is important to ensure that the appropriate measures can be taken to provide support and improve the medication management process. Adherence assessments based on self-reporting may not provide reliable and sensitive information in patients with PD-MCI.

Role Value, Occupational Balance, and Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study on Exploring the Urban Older People Perspective in South Korea.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role value, occupational balance, and quality of life among urban older adults in South Korea. We recruited 90 urban older adults in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do and Chungcheong-do. Assessments used (1) Role Checklist, (2) Life Balance Inventory (LBI), and (3) WHO Quality of Life Scale abbreviated version (WHOQOL-BREF). Our results showed that the roles that were perceived as very valuable were as family members, housekeepers, and guardians (in descending order). The roles that were perceived as less valuable were students, volunteers, and organizational members (in descending order). The activities that individuals were actively pursuing were hygiene management, rest, and healthy eating (in descending order). By contrast, the activities that were not being actively pursued were composing (music, poetry), preparing for event planning, dancing, yoga, and taekwondo. The total score of the Role Checklist and WHOQOL-BREF total (r = 0.343, p < 0.01), K-LBI total and WHOQOL-BREF total (r = 0.386, p < 0.01), and role value total and K-LBI (r = 323, p < 0.01) showed a statistically significant correlation. As a result of the regression analysis, the sub-item of work balance that affected the quality of life was managing appearance (R2 = 51.7, p < 0.001). These data showed that the role of urban older adults in Korea was mainly played within the family. The level of participation was low in the areas of instrumental daily life activities, work, leisure, and social participation. We propose that this population needs to be provided with opportunities for active aging through broader professional participation.

Cognitive function, daily function and physical and mental health in older adults: A comparison of venue and home-visit community surveys in Metropolitan Tokyo

PurposeWe conducted surveys in older people at a venue and in home-visits, and compared cognitive and health status between the two groups to assess their cognitive and everyday functioning. MethodsAmong 7,614 persons aged 70 years and older living in an urban area, 5,430 responded to a mail survey for sociodemographic characteristics and self-rated questionnaires including the Geriatric Depression Scale-short form (GDS-15). Of these, 1,360 agreed to attend a venue survey, and 693 agreed to take a home-visit survey. Trained nurses examined participants’ blood pressure, medical history, and daily functions using the dementia assessment sheet for community-based integrated care system (DASC-21), and tested their cognitive function using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). ResultsOf 2,053 participants, 2,020 (venue: 1,352; home-visit: 668) completed the MMSE. Median MMSE scores for the venue and home-visit groups were 28 and 26 points, respectively, with 130/1,352 (9.6%) and 205/668 (30.7%) participants below the traditional 23/24 cutoff score. The home-visit group had lower mobility, lower frequency of going out, poorer mental health, and lower independence in instrumental daily activities. Notably, 39.9% and 43.7% of the venue and home-visit groups lived alone, respectively. ConclusionsIn this sample of urban older people, the rate of cognitive decline detected using the MMSE was three times higher in the home-visit group than in the venue group. Home-visit participants were more likely to have difficulty in physical, cognitive, and everyday functioning, suggesting they have a greater need for daily living support to continue living in the community.

Aerobic, Strengthening, and Balance Activities Performed by Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Little is known about whether older adults meet the recommended physical activity (PA) guidelines, including aerobic, strength, and balance components. Given this gap, we examined self-report PA data from 1,352 older adult participants of the Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) study. We classified participants as meeting some components, meeting the full guidelines, or being insufficiently active. Multinomial regression was used to identify factors associated with meeting PA guidelines. Despite performing 9.5 hours of weekly PA, only 11% met the full guidelines, 13% met the aerobic, and 26% met the balance or strength recommendations. Increasing age and body mass index, needing assistance with instrumental daily activities, heart disease, and low income were associated with decreased odds of meeting PA guidelines. Older adults primarily perform aerobic PA and lower intensity PA with fewer participating in strength and balance activities. Interventions targeting strength, balance, and higher intensity PA should be developed.

Evaluation of improvement of functional independence in a multicentre cohort of rehabilitation outpatients with neurological conditions

Purpose The objectives were to examine: (1) the changes in independence in basic activities of daily living (ADL) following an outpatient occupational therapy (OT) intervention in people with neurological conditions; (2) the factors associated with good relative functional gain (RFG) and with good OT efficiency; (3) and the effects on instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and caregiver assistance. Materials and methods A prospective observational study examining changes in a multicentre cohort (three urban hospitals). Ninety-eight adults were assessed on admission and after intervention. Barthel Index was the primary outcome (ADL). Results Acquired brain damage (ABI) was the most frequent diagnosis (84.7%). There was an improvement in ADL (p < 0.001); the effect size (r) was large (r = 0.59). RFG was good for 88.8% of participants. A good RFG was significantly associated with ABI, a lower number of hours of caregiver assistance, and a greater intensity of OT. The OT efficiency was good for 43.9% of participants. Factors significantly associated with good efficiency were being young and male patients, and receiving fewer hours of caregiver assistance. Secondary measures were improved: IADL (p < 0.001) and hours of caregiver assistance (p < 0.001). Conclusions This study suggests that the intervention is an effective approach to improve functional independence. Implications for rehabilitation Little is known about the outcomes of outpatient occupational therapy intervention in neurorehabilitation services for the adult population with neurological diseases. In a multicentre cohort of neurorehabilitation outpatients, the occupational therapy intervention can lead to improvements in the level of independence in basic and instrumental daily activities, as well as reducing the hours of caregiver assistance. A good relative functional gain is associated with acquired brain injury, a lower number of hours of assistance, and a greater intensity of occupational therapy. The factors associated with good efficiency are being younger, male patients, and receiving fewer hours of assistance.

Multi-component cognitive intervention for older adults with mixed cognitive levels: implementation and preliminary effectiveness in real-world settings

BackgroundIn most controlled studies of multi-component cognitive intervention, participants’ cognitive levels are homogenous, which is contrary to real-world settings. There is a lack of research studying the implementation of evidence-based cognitive intervention in communities. This study describes the implementation and preliminary effectiveness of a Multi-component Cognitive Intervention using Simulated Everyday Tasks (MCI-SET) for older adults with different cognitive levels in real-world settings.MethodsSingle group, pre-intervention assessment, post-intervention assessment, and 3-month follow-up research design. MCI-SET consists of 12 two-hour weekly sessions that include motor-cognitive tasks, cognitive training, and cognitive rehabilitation. One hundred and thirty participants, > = 65 and frail, dependence on > = one instrumental daily activity, or with confirmed dementia, from eight community centers were included. The primary outcome is general cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Taiwan, MoCA-T). Secondary outcomes are memory (Miami Prospective Memory Test, Digits Forward, Digits Backward), attention (Color Trail Test-Part 1), executive function (Color Trail Test-Part 2), and general function (Kihon Checklist-Taiwan).ResultsPre-intervention workshop for group leaders, standardized activity protocols, on-site observation, and ten weekly conferences were conducted to ensure implementation fidelity. MCI-SET had an 85% retention rate and 96% attendance rate. The participants had a mean age of 78.26 ± 7.00 and a mean MoCA-T score of 12.55 ± 7.43. 73% were female.General cognition (Hedges’ g = 0.31), attention (Hedges’ g = 0.23), and general function (Hedges’ g = 0.31), showed significant post-intervention improvement with small effect size. Follow-ups showed maintained improvement in general cognition (Hedges’ g = 0.33), and delayed effect on attention (Hedges’ g = 0.20), short-term memory (Hedges’ g = 0.38), and executive function (Hedges’ g = 0.40). Regression analysis indicated that the intervention settings (day care centers vs neighborhood centers), the pre-intervention cognitive levels, and the pre-intervention general function of the participants were not associated with the outcomes.ConclusionsMCI-SET is feasible and can improve the cognitive skills and general functions of older adults with heterogeneous cognitive skills or disabilities. It is essential to tailor programs to fit the interests of the participants and the culture of local communities. Group leaders must also have the skills to adjust the cognitive demands of the tasks to meet the heterogeneous cognitive levels of participants.Trial registrationThis study was retrospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier: NCT04615169).

The effects of mood and cognition on daily functioning and quality of life in older people living with HIV and people with Parkinson’s disease.

In light of the increased longevity of people living with HIV infection (PLWH) undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART), the present study aimed to determine the effects of mood disturbances alongside cognitive and motor symptoms on activities of daily living (ADLs) and quality of life (QOL) in older PLWH in comparison to an aging control sample without notable medical history (CTL) and individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Forty-one PLWH, 41 individuals with PD, and 37 CTL, aged 45-79 years, underwent neuropsychological, psychological, and neurological assessment including depressive and anxiety symptoms, physical (ADL-p) and instrumental (ADL-i) daily activities, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor ADLs (ADL-UPDRS-II), QOL, and cognitive and motor functions. Hierarchical regression analyses assessed the relative contribution of predictors including demographics, disease-related factors, comorbid conditions, and mood-related factors for ADL and QOL scales. PLWH and PD participants reported more depressive symptoms and higher anxiety and worse QOL and ADL-i than CTL. The PD group had greater ADL-p and motor-related ADL-UPDRS-II difficulties than PLWH and CTL groups. In PLWH, medical comorbidities and alcohol use disorder (AUD)/substance use disorder (SUD) histories significantly contributed to poor physical and motor ADLs. Mood scores, particularly depressive symptoms, were independent predictors of poor QOL and most ADLs in both clinical groups, above the contribution of cognitive compromise. Mood symptoms contribute significantly to poor ADLs and QOL in people aging with chronic diseases such as long-term HIV infection and PD. Comprehensive assessment and treatment of mood symptoms are recommended for ensuring optimal functional independence and life quality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).