Observation Instrument Research Articles

Contextualizing Teachers and Learners’ Perception of Translanguaging Practices in ESP Classroom

The use of the monolingual method in the teaching and learning process has drawn a lot of criticism from education professionals as well as language learners, in line with the growing use of translanguaging in language learning. Translanguaging allows users to use their linguistic resources as a new paradigm for utilising more than one language when learning a foreign language. The current study examined how English for Specific Purpose (ESP) teachers and students utilised and interpreted translanguaging in healthcare learning contexts. This study used a mixed research method using the instruments of observation, semi-structured interviews, and questionnaires, involving 150 nursing students and 5 ESP lecturers as the study participants. The study revealed that nursing students generally have a positive attitude towards translanguaging practice in ESP classes. The five ESP teachers are aware of the efficacy of translanguaging for content instruction to improve comprehension, foster solidarity in the classroom, and produce better learning outcomes, especially for those with lower ESP language proficiency. Most teachers also call for the continuation of the translanguaging philosophy and practice by supporting language policies that relate to its use in ESP learning. This paper also confers the insinuations of the study's findings concerning the requirement for contextualised translanguaging implementation and system construction. It is advised that the use of translanguaging by multilingual learners in ESP learning should be seen by instructors and students from a wider viewpoint.

Inquiry as a Compass: Revising a Social Studies Education Program Around Questions, Tasks, and Sources

In response to national and state trends promoting inquiry-based social studies over the last decade, social studies teacher educators at the University of Kentucky revamped their pre-service program to create alignment around the key inquiry concepts of questions, tasks, and sources. Part of the program revision involved the creation of a new observation instrument to assess students during their field experiences. Drawing from four years of data from the instrument, the authors discuss what the observational data reveals about the strengths and weaknesses of their students’ inquiry practices as well as what the data suggests about program coherence between university coursework and field experiences.

“Maybe I’ll get some … new activities”: influence of an education programme on one grassroots youth soccer coach

ABSTRACT The purposes of the study were to describe (a) how one grassroots youth soccer coach was influenced by a progressive coach education programme (CEP) and (b) the factors that supported or negated the CEP’s effectiveness. Occupational socialisation theory guided the study. Aaron was observed during the CEP and pre- and post-CEP while coaching practices and games. Data were collected with two systematic observation instruments and four qualitative techniques. Descriptive statistics were computed for each category of the systematic observation instruments. Analytic induction and constant comparison were used to reduce the qualitative data to themes. The CEP had little influence on Aaron’s beliefs and pedagogies. Aaron’s professional socialisation was not powerful enough to overcome his acculturation or his organisational socialisation. The study indicates the need for lengthy CEPs, follow-up support and suggests coach educators should deconstruct their charges’ acculturation and mediate any negative organisational socialisation to which coaches may be subjected.

Spatial evaluation rainfall estimation on weather radar using Marshall–Palmer reflectivity–rainfall rate in Banten

Based on data from the National Disaster Management Agency (Ind.: Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana – BNPB), throughout 2022, more than 91% of disaster events were hydrometeorological disasters, with floods at 43% and landslides at 17%. One of the factors for floods and landslides is high rainfall intensity. Automatic rain gauge (ARG) is a rainfall observation instrument that can accurately measure rainfall at observation points. However, it has problems such as communication systems that cause delays in data transmission, low instrument density, and inability to cover a wide spatial area, which can affect the accuracy of rainfall information. Weather radar is a remote sensing instrument that can estimate rainfall spatially so that weather radar observations can reach areas of the region that do not have ARG. However, before being used as rainfall information, estimation rainfall needs to be evaluated or calibrated. Evaluation of rainfall estimation on weather radar to ARG in Banten at a 30– 120 km distance range, shows a coefficient of determination above 0.8. Based on the studies that have been conducted, increase of root mean square error (RMSE) is due to influence of radar observation range and observation distance on ARG. Adjustment of rainfall estimation improves the accuracy of rainfall estimation. Adjusting rainfall estimation can reduce RMSE by 50%.

The Astronomical Observatory of the Abbot de Beauchamp in Baghdad

Abstract In 1786, the Abbé Joseph de Beauchamp, vicar general of the bishopric of Babylon, vice-consul in Baghdad and correspondent of the Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris, completed the description of the astronomical observatory he had installed on a terrace of the house of the Missionary Fathers of the Congregation of the Faith in Baghdad. A crossroads between Parisian and Middle Eastern astronomical practice, between scholarly, religious and diplomatic networks in France and abroad, Beauchamp’s observatory was destroyed by the wind in 1783, then carefully reconstructed and well equipped with observation and measurement instruments received from France. The notes, descriptions and detailed drawings carefully recorded by the astronomer explain the organization of this learned space, the function, construction and operation of each of the elements for the various types of observations (stars, the Sun and the planet Mercury, in particular) made within it.

Using teach ECE to observe the quality of online teaching during the pandemic: an exploratory study in a pre-school in Chile

ABSTRACT During COVID-19, many schools worldwide were closed. In this unprecedented context, some students accessed distance or remote education. Assessing the quality of in-person early childhood education has a long-dated challenge and doing the same within a preschool online setting is unprecedented. This study aimed to utilize the Teach ECE observation instrument developed by the World Bank in 2021 to explore the quality of synchronous online lessons across 8 preschool classrooms in a private school in Chile. The tool is designed to observe 28 quality teaching behaviors organized into four areas. The dataset encompassed 640 min of video recordings capturing synchronous online classes over a 5-month period. Findings revealed that 7 out of the 8 preschool teachers exhibited low or medium-low quality practices across all three areas examined in this study. Average scores per area indicate that Classroom Culture obtained the highest score, followed by guided learning, and finally by socio-emotional Skills.

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar PAK Melalui Media Canva dalam Problem Based Learning Kelas IX SMP Negeri 1 Wonosari

There are still students of SMP Negeri 1 Wonosari, who have not fulfilled the expectations of the school's vision and mission which is to create people who believe and fear God Almighty, have noble character, are healthy, knowledgeable, capable, creative, independent, and become democratic and responsible citizens. This is evident in the fact that there are still students whose learning outcomes are low. To improve PAK learning outcomes, we tried using canva media in Problem Based Learning. To answer this problem, the researcher used an experimental method with 2 cycles using test and observation instruments. With research using qualitative descriptive data analysis methods. Based on the data obtained, the percentage of student learning outcomes in cycle I is 22% decent, 56% proficient and 22% advanced, which shows that there are still 2 children who need remedial. In cycle II, with canva media, learning outcomes increased to 0% feasible, 11% proficient and 89% advanced. This shows Problem Based Learning can improve critical thinking and learning outcomes.

From Polar Day to Polar Night: A Comprehensive Sun and Star Photometer Study of Trends in Arctic Aerosol Properties in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard

The climate impact of Arctic aerosols, like the Arctic Haze, and their origin are not fully understood. Therefore, long-term aerosol observations in the Arctic are performed. In this study, we present a homogenised data set from a sun and star photometer operated in the European Arctic, in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, of the 20 years from 2004–2023. Due to polar day and polar night, it is crucial to use observations of both instruments. Their data is evaluated in the same way and follows the cloud-screening procedure of AERONET. Additionally, an improved method for the calibration of the star photometer is presented. We found out, that autumn and winter are generally more polluted and have larger particles than summer. While the monthly median Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) decreases in spring, the AOD increases significantly in autumn. A clear signal of large particles during the Arctic Haze can not be distinguished from large aerosols in winter. With autocorrelation analysis, we found that AOD events usually occur with a duration of several hours. We also compared AOD events with large-scale processes, like large-scale oscillation patterns, sea ice, weather conditions, or wildfires in the Northern Hemisphere but did not find one single cause that clearly determines the Arctic AOD. Therefore the observed optical depth is a superposition of different aerosol sources.

Pengembangan Big Book Moderasi Beragama Berbasis Konsep Pratyaksa Pramana di Taman Kanak Kanak

This research highlights the importance of introducing the concept of religious moderation from an early age. Even though its implementation already exists in children's play activities, children are not yet fully aware of the concepts of tolerance, sharing and helping each other. Therefore, the Big Book of Religious Moderation based on the Pratyaksa Pramana concept was developed as a learning medium that introduces the concept of moderation through children's direct experience. This Book contains material on the concept of religious moderation based on the concept of Pratyaksa Pramana, which is knowledge experienced by children through direct experience. This research aims to introduce the concept of moderation to children, describe the development of the Book, and analyze the feasibility of its use through expert validation. The ADDIE development method was used in this research, involving teachers and children at the Taman Kurnia Denpasar Kindergarten as data sources. Data collection techniques using observation and checklist instruments. Data analysis was carried out using Lawshe's descriptive qualitative content validation formula, namely Content Validity Ratio (CVR). The research results show that this book is suitable for use, with a high CVI value of 0.5 and the final CVI calculation (average CVR) is 0.916667 indicating good content validity. The conclusion of the research in accordance with expert validation is that the use of the Big Book Religious Moderation media is very relevant and suitable for use with PAUD children because the material available in it is appropriate to the child's age development.

CORINOS. II. JWST-MIRI Detection of Warm Molecular Gas from an Embedded, Disk-bearing Protostar

We present James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Mid-InfraRed Instrument (MIRI) observations of warm CO and H2O gas in emission toward the low-mass protostar IRAS 15398-3359, observed as part of the CORINOS program. The CO is detected via the rovibrational fundamental band and hot band near 5 μm, whereas the H2O is detected in the rovibrational bending mode at 6–8 μm. Rotational analysis indicates that the CO originates in a hot reservoir with an excitation temperature of 1598 ± 118 K, while the water is much cooler at 204 ± 7 K. Neither the CO nor the H2O line images are significantly spatially extended, constraining the emission to within ∼40 au of the protostar. The compactness and high temperature of the CO are consistent with an origin in the embedded protostellar disk, or in a compact disk wind. In contrast, the water must arise from a cooler region and requires a larger emitting area (compared to the CO) to produce the observed fluxes. The water may arise from a more extended part of the disk, or from the inner portion of the outflow cavity. Thus, the origin of the molecular emission observed with JWST remains ambiguous. Better constraints on the overall extinction, comparison with realistic disk models, and future kinematically resolved observations may all help to pinpoint the true emitting reservoirs.

Development of Differentiated Learning Methods on Basic Soccer Skills for Tenth Grade Students

This journal discusses the development of differentiated learning methods on the basic soccer skills of tenth-grade students at SMK SMTI Bandar Lampung. This research was conducted quantitatively using questionnaires and observation instruments. The results showed that differentiated learning can improve student learning outcomes and provide a better learning experience. Additionally, students showed a positive response to the learning of basic soccer skills. Differentiated learning can be a useful method to enhance student learning outcomes in basic soccer skills.

Communicating, Eating And Drinking With Dementia

Abstract Background Problems with eating and drinking can put patients at risk of malnutrition. Hospitalised patients with dementia are at a higher risk for eating/drinking difficulties and inadequate food/fluid intake. Dysphagia in dementia can contribute to malnutrition, dehydration, weight loss, choking episodes, repeat chest infections, pneumonia, and recurrent hospitalisations - all of which can cause strain on relationships between the person with dementia and carers. Where communication (and eating/drinking/swallowing) are impacted, the person with dementia can experience a decrease in quality of life, wellbeing, sense of personhood, and quality of relationships. Direct training and indirect feeding support for care staff results in fewer mealtime difficulties, more time spent assisting at mealtimes, and a positive changes in staff attitudes towards assisting in mealtimes for people with dementia. Using observational instruments to identify eating/drinking difficulties can lead to a positive influence for staff knowledge and skills to support patients/residents. Methods Create a Departmental Information Leaflet on “Communicating, Eating and Drnking with Dementia” for staff, visitors, service users, and their families.Select a tool to be used by nursing staff to better inform on behaviours around eating and drinking with dementia (Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia Scale (EdFED-Q)).Create a training Powerpoint for Staff on “Communicating, Eating and Drnking with Dementia” and using the EdFED-Q tool. Results Departmental Information leaflet created.Selection of the EdFED-Q tool.Training programme for nursing staff developed on Communicating, Eating and Drnking with Dementia and using the EdFED-Q tool. Conclusion As outlined in the Irish National Dementia Strategy (2014), all people who provide care or interact with those with dementia should be trained and upskilled in working with and communicating with those with dementia. It is important to continue to develop our services and build on quality initiatives to do this.

Magnification calibration of X-ray 3D microscopy using micro-line structures.

X-ray microscopy using computed tomography (CT) is an excellent three-dimensional imaging instrument. Three-dimensional X-ray microscopy (3DXRM) is a nondestructive imaging technique used to inspect internal and external structures in units of submicrometers or less. The 3DXRM, although attractive, is mostly used as an observation instrument and is limited as a measurement system in quantitative evaluation and quality control. Calibration is required for use in measurement systems such as coordinate measurement systems, and specific standard samples and evaluation procedures are needed. The certified values of the standard samples must ideally be traceable to the International System of Units (SI). In the 3DXRM measurement system, line structures (LSs) are fabricated as prototype standard samples to conduct magnification calibration. In this study, we evaluated the LS intervals using calibrated cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A comparison of the evaluation results between SEM and 3DXRM for the LS intervals provided the magnification calibration factor for 3DXRM and validated the LSs, whereby the interval methods and feasibility of constructing an SI traceability system were evaluated using the calibrated SEM. Consequently, a magnification calibration factor of 1.01 was obtained for 3DXRM based on the intervals of the LSs evaluated by SEM. A possible route for realizing SI-traceable magnification calibration of 3DXRM has been presented.

Al Tahlîl at Taqābuli fi Al Tasybîh Bayna Lughat Al 'Arabiyah Wa Lughoti Al Indûnisiyah wa Al Istifādah Minhu Ta’lîmiyan

<table style="width: 697px;" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="510"><p>This research aims to determine the similarities and differences between similes in Arabic and Indonesian languages, as well as the lessons learned from this analysis. The research employs a comparative analysis, which involves comparing Arabic similes with Indonesian similes to identify the differences between the two within the science of balaghah. A descriptive approach is adopted for this research. Data collection utilizes documentation and observation instruments, specifically through reviewing journals and books related to tasybih. The study's findings reveal that similes are widely used in both Arabic and Indonesian. However, there are some key similarities and differences between the two languages. Similarities lie in the meaning and function of similes, as they are used as metaphors in poetry and literature. The primary difference lies in the lack of subcategories for similes in Indonesian compared to Arabic. Additionally, the tools used for constructing similes are more extensive in Arabic. Furthermore, similes offer educational benefits in language learning by aiding learners in understanding and memorizing new vocabulary and grammatical structures. This study demonstrates the potential of similes as a tool for teaching both Arabic and Indonesian languages, particularly in enhancing language skills and cultural understanding.</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="510"><p> </p></td></tr></tbody></table>

Measurement invariance between subjects: what can we learn about subject-related differences in teaching quality?

Recent publications emphasize the need to take greater account of differences in teaching quality between subjects. The empirical analysis of this topic requires a comparison of teaching quality in different subjects to distinguish generic aspects of teaching quality from subject-specific ones. In this paper, we compare teaching quality in mathematics and German lessons using observational data from primary schools in Switzerland (NMath = 319; NGerman = 237). Data were collected using an observation instrument reflecting the teaching dimensions of the MAIN-TEACH model, which was developed based on a synthesis of established observation frameworks. The dimensions of classroom management, motivational-emotional support, selection and implementation of content, cognitive activation, support for consolidation, assessment and feedback, and adaptation were tested for subject-related measurement invariance. With a two-fold measurement invariance approach, differences between the subjects were investigated at both a global and an indicator level. When applying alpha accumulation correction, no significant subject-related differences in factor loadings or intercepts were found. The factorial structure of our data was basically identical for the two subjects. The comparison of latent factor means revealed no mean differences between the subjects. We discuss the implications for both the MAIN-TEACH model and research into subject-related differences of teaching in general.

Solar Atmospheric Oscillations as Measured by the GOES-R Series EXIS EUVS-C Instrument

This Letter presents first observations of distinct solar atmospheric oscillations from signals collected by the Extreme Ultraviolet and X-ray Irradiance Sensors EUVS-C instrument, which is part of each Geostationary Observational Environmental Satellite R-Series instrument payload. The EUVS-C instrument is a full-disk, normal-incidence spectrograph that covers a narrow band in the mid-ultraviolet between 276 and 284 nm, where it can measure the magnesium ii emission doublet at ∼280 nm and the photospheric continuum. The primary goal of EUVS-C data is to construct the well-known Mg ii index, which is often used as a proxy for chromospheric activity. Because of the high temporal and spectral resolution of EUVS-C measurements, the data provide a unique opportunity to observe discernible solar atmospheric waves that have definite signatures of 3 and 5 minute oscillation periods, where the frequency response of these signals is dependent on what part of the spectrum is analyzed (e.g., Mg emission lines). Furthermore, both photospheric and chromospheric waves can simultaneously be examined. With the recent increase in solar activity for Solar Cycle 25, these waves exhibit enhanced amplitudes and phase shifts during the impulsive shock of strong solar flares. This Letter will discuss the analysis for deriving these waves, and results from both a quiescent Sun and an X-class solar flare event will be presented.

Two‐Spacecraft Observations of Asymmetric Martian Bow Shock: Conjunctions of Tianwen‐1 and MAVEN

AbstractThe Martian bow shock has been extensively studied through magnetic field and plasma instrument observations from various Mars space missions. However, prior investigations primarily involve statistical analyses based on single spacecraft crossings, leaving the asymmetry of the Martian bow shock unstudied through simultaneous two‐spacecraft observations. In this study, utilizing simultaneous observations from Tianwen‐1 and MAVEN, we examine the instantaneous asymmetry of the Martian bow shock. We present the asymmetry of the Martian bow shock in the Mars‐Solar‐Electric and Mars‐Solar‐Orbital reference frames, possibly influenced by the solar wind motional electric field and Martian crustal magnetic field, respectively. Moreover, we suggest that the bow shock exhibits increased asymmetry under stronger solar wind motional electric field conditions. This study highlights how a two‐point observation approach offers valuable insights into the dynamic behavior of the Martian induced magnetosphere.

An Observation Instrument for Technical and Tactical Actions in the Soccer Offense Phase: Design, Validation, and Reliability

Coaches and other sports professionals are given adaptable tools by using observational methods in the context of sports. These tools are frequently used in team sports for technical and tactical analysis of the match. The goal was to build, validate, and evaluate the dependability of a mixed observational instrument of field formats and category systems to study technical and tactical activities in the offensive phase of soccer, taking into account the significance of data quality in these instruments. The device records data on the attacking team’s and goalkeeper’s actions with the ball, play moments (start, development, and end), and surrounding circumstances. Four steps were taken in the instrument design, validation, and reliability calculation: (a) literature review; (b) initial draft design; (c) qualitative and quantitative expert assessment of the instrument; and (d) observer training test (reliability calculation). Ten experts (soccer coaches with at least ten years of coaching experience or sports scientists with a PhD) determined the content validity. The Delphi process was applied. A quantitative (scale 0 10) and qualitative examination was performed by experts. The following topics were covered in the questionnaire for experts: (a) understanding of the criteria, categorical cores, degree of openness, and their definitions; (b) applicability of the categorical cores and degree of openness; and (c) decision-making on the inclusion of further categorical cores or degree of openness in the observation instrument. The categorical core “numerical situation with opponent goalkeeper” has the lowest Aiken’s V index of 0.91. The levels of agreement between and among observers were good. The category core “defensive pressing lines” had the lowest Kappa index (0.96 for inter-reliability and 0.98 for intra-reliability), as did the category core “ball height (start of ball possession),” “distance of the defensive player,” “ball height (end of ball possession”),” “numerical situation,” and “defensive pressing lines.” The generalizability analysis’ results demonstrated the instrument’s excellent level of accuracy, validity, and reliability. The findings demonstrate that the tool can be used to gather unbiased, trustworthy information regarding soccer’s offensive phase.

Internalisasi Karakter Qur’ani Melalui Bimbingan Siswa Sekolah Dasar

The aim of the research is to strengthen Qur'anic character through guidance and counseling for students in elementary schools. The research method uses a qualitative approach to phenomenological studies in elementary schools based on the Koran in daily life. Data collection uses observation instruments, interviews, documentation studies of school programs related to Qur'anic characters. Validation is applied using triangulation techniques. The data analysis used is interactive model analysis with data collection, reduction, data display and verification. The results of the research explain that teachers' efforts to internalize Qur'anic characters through guidance and counseling are carried out individually and classically. Individually, in the form of instructions to students to understand the Al-Qur'an by reciting it, reading, studying, practicing and teaching it. Classically through tahfidz, teacher example, students' Qur'anic character habituation programs.

Going beyond hardware limitations with advanced stray light calibration for the Metop-3MI space instrument

Space optical instruments play a pivotal role in enhancing our understanding of the universe and our planet, and are crucial in addressing the urgent challenges posed by climate change. In this context, stray light has emerged as a primary performance limitation. Originating from ghost reflections or scattering, it obscures essential details and introduces false information into images. With the demand for increasingly high-performing instruments, mitigation through hardware optimization is becoming insufficient. We are entering an era where future instruments require a stray light correction algorithm to meet user specifications, necessitating extensive on-ground calibration. This paper examines the Metop-3MI Earth observation instrument, which, with wide field of view, broad spectral range, and multi-polarization capabilities, epitomizes the challenges of stray light calibration and correction. A custom calibration apparatus was constructed to evaluate the complex stray light dependence on field-of-view, wavelength, and polarization. Data were processed, and stray light kernels database was derived, which then fed into a specially developed correction algorithm. Applied to the image of an extended scene, it effectively reduces stray light by a remarkable factor of 91. This achievement sets a new standard for low-stray-light instruments and provides a comprehensive case study for future missions.