Construct Validity Of Instruments Research Articles

Evaluating the Construct Validity of the Charité Alarm Fatigue Questionnaire using Confirmatory Factor Analysis.

The Charité Alarm Fatigue Questionnaire (CAFQa) is a 9-item questionnaire that aims to standardize how alarm fatigue in nurses and physicians is measured. We previously hypothesized that it has 2 correlated scales, one on the psychosomatic effects of alarm fatigue and the other on staff's coping strategies in working with alarms. We aimed to validate the hypothesized structure of the CAFQa and thus underpin the instrument's construct validity. We conducted 2 independent studies with nurses and physicians from intensive care units in Germany (study 1: n=265; study 2: n=1212). Responses to the questionnaire were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis with the unweighted least-squares algorithm based on polychoric covariances. Convergent validity was assessed by participants' estimation of their own alarm fatigue and exposure to false alarms as a percentage. In both studies, the χ2 test reached statistical significance (study 1: χ226=44.9; P=.01; study 2: χ226=92.4; P<.001). Other fit indices suggested a good model fit (in both studies: root mean square error of approximation <0.05, standardized root mean squared residual <0.08, relative noncentrality index >0.95, Tucker-Lewis index >0.95, and comparative fit index >0.995). Participants' mean scores correlated moderately with self-reported alarm fatigue (study 1: r=0.45; study 2: r=0.53) and weakly with self-perceived exposure to false alarms (study 1: r=0.3; study 2: r=0.33). The questionnaire measures the construct of alarm fatigue as proposed in our previous study. Researchers and clinicians can rely on the CAFQa to measure the alarm fatigue of nurses and physicians.

Validity and Reliability Diagnostic Test Computational Thinking Based on Local Wisdom

This study aims to analyze the validity and reliability of the diagnostic test instrument used to measure computational thinking skills based on local wisdom. This method of research is instrument development research. The subjects of this research were students of computer science and information technology undergraduate programs at Bumigora University, totaling 108 students using a random sampling technique. Data collection techniques using tests. The data analysis technique of instrument content validity was determined based on Aiken's V formula, instrument construct validity using EFA, and instrument reliability using Cronbach Alpha. Based on the results of this research, the content validity of the instrument has a high validity index, the construct validity of the instrument items is declared feasible, and the reliability of the instrument has a high-reliability coefficient. So, this instrument is declared valid, reliable, and suitable for use to measure local wisdom-based computational thinking diagnostic tests.

Psychosocial Factors Affecting Self-Regulated Learning among Indonesian Islamic College Students: The Mediating Role of Perception Feedback

In facing various problems during the online learning process, individuals need to have self-regulated learning to be able to undergo online lectures optimally and effectively. Hence, student’s knowledge increases, and learning objectives are achieved. This study aims to investigate the mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between perception feedback on self-regulated learning in undergraduate students. Whether the mediation had varying effects on different age levels and sex differences was also examined. The sampling technique used in this study is non-probability sampling with 410 students. This study uses a quantitative approach with path analysis. In this study, researchers used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using Lisrel 8.8 to test the instrument's construct validity. The results showed a direct effect from the independent variables, namely self-efficacy, family support, and an indirect effect through mediator variables, namely self-efficacy, family support, friend support, and gender. The effect of self-efficacy and family support is partial mediation on self-regulated learning. In contrast, peer support and gender demographic variables have a perfect mediating effect on self-regulated learning with perception feedback as a mediator.

Evaluation of agronomic, technical, economic, and environmental issues by analytic hierarchy process for rice weeding machine

Seed is a living product that must be grown, harvested, and processed correctly in order to realize the yield potential of any rice variety. Choosing the suitable weeding machines for paddy fields is of great interest to rice farmers. This choice requires exact evaluation and identifying its criteria can be very crucial. A Fuzzy decision-making system can be designed for a weeder machine through developing fuzzy sets of criteria for selecting suitable weeder machine providing a good basis for comparison of different types of machines considering each rice farmer and paddy field. The objective of this study was to explain the evaluation criteria for rice weeding machine in paddy fields and present fuzzy sets of identified criteria of Iran. The methodology can be divided into three main parts: the examination of construct validity of instruments, prioritization, and the relationships of variables. Thus, used survey and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) methods. The tools included a researcher-made questionnaire using 5-point paired comparison statements. For the survey, the statistical population included all experts in education and research working in ministry of agriculture from which 310 peoples were selected. For AHP, 20 experts were selected by purposive sampling. The results of factor analysis showed that all criteria were strongly related. The results of AHP prioritized the criteria as agronomic, technical, economic and environmental. Considering the “agronomic” and “technical” criteria, the experts preferred engine two and three row weeder machines, while regarding “agronomic” and “environmental” criteria, hand weeder machines were preferred. Obviously, that income amount and rising costs make the user to give priority to hand machines, whereas under normal conditions, “agronomic” and “technical” criteria are considered.

The The Development of An Android-Based Assessment Instrument To Assess Fifth-Grade Students' Cognitive Ability

This study aims to develop an application product in the form of a valid, reliable, and practical cognitive assessment for Android. The research method is based on the ADDIE procedure, which consists of five stages: (1) analysis, (2) design, (3) development, (4) implementation, and (5) evaluation. Students in the fifth grade of an elementary school in Pemalang Regency served as research subjects. The following instruments were used in this study: observation sheets, questionnaire sheets, android-based applications, questionnaires for needs analysis and practicality, and documentation sheets. This research employs both quantitative and qualitative data analysis techniques. The results indicated that (1) expert evaluation of the product (expert judgment) suggested that the instrument was feasible to test on a small scale with revisions. (2) The ten instruments are empirically reliable in small- and large-scale trials. (3) Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to determine the instrument's construct validity; all ten instrument constructs were valid. (4) The developed product takes the form of a functional Android application. The application product, which takes the form of an android-based cognitive assessment, demonstrates that it is valid, reliable, and practical.

Psychometric testing of the hemodialysis self‐management instrument (HDSMI‐18): A confirmatory factor analysis

AimThe aim of this study was to probe the rigorousness of the factor structure of the HDSMI and to test the instrument's construct validity.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsThe hemodialysis unit of four hospitals in Taiwan provided data from 628 patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD), through the period of September to December in 2012. The patients were divided into a calibration sample for CFA and model modification, and a validation sample for cross‐validation of the postmodification model. Goodness of fit was tested with standard fit indices.ResultsThe four latent variables (i.e. partnership, self‐care, problem‐solving and emotional management) were verified as dimensions of HDSMI through CFA. The construct validity of the HDSMI was improved by omitting two items, allowing one inter‐item correlation and transferring the loading of one item. These modifications improved fit indices of the calibration sample. Cross‐validation of the validation sample verified the construct validity of the modified HDSMI‐18.

Psychometric properties of the Child Development Assessment Questionnaire (QAD-PIPAS) for use in population studies involving Brazilian children aged 0–59 months

ObjectiveTo analyze the psychometric properties of the Child Development Assessment Questionnaire (QAD-PIPAS). MethodsThis methodological study was comprised of two axes. The first one aimed to analyze the instrument's construct validity (discriminant and concurrent validity) and internal consistency, and the second one examined test-retest reliability, involving two different samples and procedures. For construct validity and internal consistency, the sample was recruited in Embu das Artes-SP, Brasilia-DF and Recife-PE during the immunization campaign in 2017, involving caregivers of 2005 children under 60 months of age (1295 under 36 and 710 from 37 to 59 months). For the test-retest analysis the sample consisted of 30 children aged 0–59 months old that attended daycare centers in Embu das Artes-SP in 2018. ResultsMultivariate analyses of construct validity showed that the QAD-PIPAS was able to identify the association between the outcome (suspected child development delays) and expected risk and protective factors based on Nurturing Care Framework (OMS/UNICEF). A significant positive correlation was achieved between the scores of the QAD-PIPAS and CREDI in six of the eight age groups analyzed, with the most significant correlations being in the age groups from 25 to 30 and 31–36 months. Acceptable internal consistencies were identified in all age groups, with better performance above 36 months of age (Cronbach’s alpha between 0.61 to 0.80). We also found an adequate test-retest reliability (global Kappa 0.81). ConclusionThe QAD-PIPAS showed evidence of construct validity and reliability to be used in population studies involving children aged 0–59 months during multi-vaccination campaigns in Brazil.

Conceptualization, Development and Validation of an Instrument to Measure Learners’ Perceptions of their Active Learning Strategies within an Active Learning Context

&lt;p style="text-align:justify"&gt;This study describes the development and validation of a psychometrically-sound instrument, the Active Learning Strategies Inventory (ALSI), designed to measure learners’ perceptions of their active learning strategies within an active learning context. Active learning encompasses a broad range of pedagogical practices and instructional methods that connect with an individual learner's active learning strategies. In order to fulfill the study's goals, a conceptual framework on learners’ active learning strategies was developed and proposed, drawing upon the research literature on active learning. The development and construct validation of the Active Learning Strategies Inventory (ALSI), based on the conceptual and methodological underpinnings, involved identifying five scales of learners’ active learning strategies: engagement, cognitive processing, orientation to learning, readiness to learn and motivational orientation. An item pool of 20 items was generated following an extensive review of the literature, standardized card sorting procedures including confirmatory factor analysis and scale validation of a pilot (n = 407) survey. The ALSI scale demonstrated strong internal consistency and reliability with a Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.81 to 0.87. High item loading scores from the factor analysis provided initial support for the instrument's construct validity of the five-factor model. The ALSI scale provides a reliable and valid method for researchers and academicians who wish to measure learners' perceptions of their active learning strategies within an active learning context. Finally, we discuss the implications and address the limitations and directions for future research.&lt;/p&gt;

Validation Of A Sports Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire For Athletes In The Uniter Kingdom And Ireland

PURPOSE: This study aimed to establish validity of an Australian/New Zealand developed sports nutrition knowledge questionnaire, Platform to Evaluate Athlete Knowledge in Sports-Nutrition Questionnaire (PEAKS-NQ) for use in United Kingdom and Irish (UK-I) athletes. METHODS: To confirm content validity, a convenience sample (n=16) of sports nutritionists (SN) from elite, UK-I sports institutes provided feedback on the PEAKS-NQ via a modified Delphi method. After minor changes, the UK-I version of the PEAKS-NQ (section A: demographics; sections B-F knowledge domains; max score 113 points) was administered via weblink to a convenience sample of UK-I SN recruited from the British Dietetic Association Senior Exercise and Nutrition Register, and elite athletes (EA) training at elite sports institutes in the UK-I. SN scores were the benchmark informing instrument construct validity. Cronbach’s alpha (good≥0.7) established internal consistency. Independent t-tests or non-parametric tests were conducted as appropriate. Results are reported as mean±SD, proportions and effect size (ES). RESULTS: SN achieved greater overall (SN (n=23): 92.3±9.3% vs EA (n=154): 71.4±10.0%; ES: 2.1; p <0.0005) and individual section scores (p<0.0005) except section B (p=0.072). Sub-section scores were as follows; Section B-Food Groups (SN: 95.7±5.6%, EA: 91.5±7.8%), Section C-Nutrients (SN: 92.5±4.1%, EA: 76.3±9.5%), Section D-Applied Sports Nutrition (SN: 88.5±8.9%, EA: 56.7±14.5%), Section E-Competition Nutrition (SN: 88.6±5%, EA:62.3±15.8%), Section F-Supplements and Sports Nutrition Concerns (SN: 92.3±9.3%, EA: 73.5±20.5%). Largest knowledge differences between SN and EA were in section D. Sex, education level and sport type (endurance, high intensity/intermittent) did not independently influence EA total score. Instrument overall Cronbach’s alpha (0.82) was good. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms content and construct validity of the PEAKS-NQ for assessing sports nutrition knowledge in UK-I athletes.

Measurement Model of Women's Preferences in Obstetrician and Gynecologist Selection in the Private Sector: Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis.

ABSTRACTBackground: The purpose of this study is to construct and validate a measurement model of women’s preferences in Obstetrician and Gynecologist (OB/GYN) selection in the private sector of non-clinical parameters.Methods: This methodological study included 462 respondents in OB/GYN’s offices to a researcher-made questionnaire. The patients visited 57 offices of OB/GYNs in the city of Mashhad in Iran and completed women’s preferences in OB/GYN selection questionnaire over a 2-month period from January to February 2018. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted to verify the instrument’s construct validity. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to test whether the data fit our hypothesized model obtained from EFA model.Results: The first draft of the questionnaire was prepared with 118 items based on literature review. The outcome of content validity assessment was a 51-item questionnaire. Scale-Content Validity Index (S-CVI) turned out to be 0.80. The results of EFA yielded an instrument with 33 items in six domains, which explained 52.657% of the total variance of the questionnaire. With performing CFA, the 6-factor model with 29 items demonstrated a good fit with the data (CFI=0.952, CMIN/DF=1.613, RMSEA=0.036). Availability and Accessibility, Communicational Skills, Office Environment, Recommendation by Others, Special Services, and Cost and Insurance were found to define the women’s preferences in OB/GYN selection in private sector, Iran.Conclusion: The developed measurement model considers the patient’s preferences that influence decision-making process on OB/GYN selection. It can provide useful knowledge for OB/GYNs and policymakers to design appropriate and efficient marketing strategies according to the consumer preferences priority.

Development and validation of the DIGIGLO, a tool for assessing the digital competence of educators

AbstractEducators must be able to adapt to the opportunities provided by information and communication technologies, making use of those which are best suited to meeting their students' needs and identifying areas of practice in which they themselves need to develop their skills. The European Framework for the Digital Competence of Educators (DigCompEdu) proposes 22 basic competences, organised into six areas, which educators should ideally acquire. The present study seeks to build on this Framework by developing and validating an assessment tool that considers a total of eight areas: the six areas covered by DigCompEdu and two new areas corresponding to extrinsic factors in the digital competence of educators. The latter refers specifically to the digital resources and support services that are available to educators in their working environment. A total of 509 teacher educators from across Spain and Latin America completed the 29‐item DIGIGLO questionnaire. Analysis of the Spanish language instrument's construct validity and psychometric properties showed it to be a valid and reliable tool for assessing the digital competence of educators across the eight areas considered. Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topic Educators must be able to adapt (habituate) to the opportunities provided by information and communication technologies. The European Framework for the Digital Competence of Educators (DigCompEdu) proposes 22 basic competences, organised into six areas, which educators should ideally acquire. The speed with which digital technology is developing means that educators need to keep track of their own digital skills. What this paper adds We develop and validate an instrument for assessing educators' digital competence (the DIGIGLO) that considers external factors not included within the DigCompEdu. These external factors refer to the digital resources and support services that are available to educators in their working environment. The total score on the 29‐item questionnaire provides a measure of educators' overall digital competence across eight different areas. Implications for practice and/or policy The DIGIGLO is a brief and easy‐to‐use tool for assessing the digital competence of educators, a key issue in the educational field today. It extends the scope of the DigCompEdu Framework by including two further areas of digital competence (digital environment and extrinsic digital engagement). Application of the instrument can provide individual educators and their institutions with useful feedback about both strengths and areas in need of improvement with regard to the use of digital technology in teaching.

Construct validity of digital media literacy instrument for student teachers

To measure the level of media literacy, a measuring instrument in the form of an assessment is needed. The instruments used in the study were adopted from Son which is a non-test in the form of a closed questionnaire that had been revised and validated with the conditions of students in Banda Aceh. The study aims to examine construct validity of digital media literacy instruments used. The population in the study was 242 student teachers in Biology Education Department at a public university in Banda Aceh. The sample were 168 students selected using purposive sampling. The study applied CFA method. The results of construct validity of the instrument that can be seen in the validity of all the observed variables were good with tvalue > 2 and SLF >0.3. Moreover, the construct reliability were categorized very high (0.80<CR 1.00) and high (0.60<CR0.80). This indicates that the instrument can be used to measure the level of digital media literacy of student teachers.

An authentic assessment model to assess kindergarten students' character

The aim of character development is essential to know, especially for kindergarten pupils. It might help teachers in developing students and offering helps and services. Thus, an assessment model is needed to identify children's character development easily and accurately. This study aims to (1) develop an assessment model for evaluating kindergarten pupils’ character which is considered valid, reliable, and fulfill the criteria of goodness of fit statistic, and (2) know the characteristics of an authentic assessment model instrument to assess the achievements of early childhood characters in kindergarten. This research used Plomp’s Research and Development Model. Data were collected using a questionnaire, documentation, interview, observation, and Focus Group Discussion. The validation was proven by the expert judgment with the Aiken’s V formula and the reliability was estimated with Cronbach’s Alpha. The validation construct and reliability were examined using Exploratory Factor Analysis, followed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis to ensure the result. Furthermore, the results of this research show that (1) the assessment model developed is ASOKA. This model is considered valid and reliable as it meets the criteria of goodness and fits the statistic; (2) the characteristics of an authentic assessment model instrument to assess the achievements of early childhood characters in kindergarten are: (a) with the index of Aiken's V analysis results of 0.901, the content validity is considered high; (b) the instrument construct validity has fulfilled the criteria of goodness of fit statistic; (c) as seen from Alpha Cronbach value coefficient 0.914, its instrument reliability is considered good enough.

Validation on Utrecht Work Engagement Scale: Multisample and Multi Sectors Analysis

Research on work engagement has proven by previous studies that showed constructive, positive behaviors related to work. Several studies used the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) instrument, but evidence of instrument construct validity is only available in some countries. This study investigates the validity of UWES constructs using a multisample in several sectors in the Greater Bandung Region, Indonesia. The approach to testing validity uses confirmatory factor analysis with the Lisrel 8.8 program tool. The results of the study showed that version 17 of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) instrument was valid and realistic in a multisample in several industrial sectors in the Greater Bandung Region, Indonesia. The research implications can recommend the use of version 17 of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) instrument to measure Work Engagement at the individual level in the organization.

A survey instrument for measuring vaccine acceptance

Accurately measuring vaccine acceptance is important, especially under current conditions in which misinformation may increase public anxiety about vaccines and politicize vaccination policies. We integrated substantive knowledge, conceptualization and measurement expertise, and survey design principles to develop an instrument for measuring vaccine acceptance across the general public. Given this broad goal, we expect our novel instrument will complement, rather than replace, existing instruments designed specifically to measure parents' vaccine hesitancy. Our instrument measures five key facets of vaccine acceptance: (1) perceived safety of vaccines; (2) perceived effectiveness and necessity of vaccines; (3) acceptance of the selection and scheduling of vaccines; (4) positive values and affect toward vaccines; and (5) perceived legitimacy of authorities to require vaccinations. We report results of analyses demonstrating the reliability and validity of this instrument. High Cronbach's alpha values for five sub-scales and for the full scale indicate the instrument's reliability, and the consistent performance of expected predictors (i.e., trust in biologists, conspiratorial ideation, and political ideology) demonstrates the instrument's construct validity. Further, scientific reasoning increases vaccine acceptance among liberals but decreases vaccine acceptance among conservatives, which is consistent with motivated cognition. Also, trust in biologists has a stronger positive effect on vaccine acceptance among conservatives than among liberals, signaling a potentially promising means to reduce political polarization on vaccines and increase vaccine acceptance across the general public. We end by identifying key ways that public health researchers, science studies scholars, and health practitioners may employ the full (or short) version of our vaccine acceptance instrument.

Assessing the hidden curriculum for the care of patients with limited english proficiency: An instrument development.

Patients with limited English proficiency (LEP) are a growing population in the United States at risk for disparities in quality and safety of care. Medical student competency to care for patients with LEP is impacted by a hidden curriculum (HC) that undermines the learning experience; yet to date, there is no way to measure it. Thus, we designed an instrument to assess this HC. Based on findings from previous qualitative work and input from medical students and experts in LEP and psychometrics, we developed a 23-item survey with four domains. We e-mailed this to 3rd and 4th year students from two medical schools in the US. We conducted principal axis factoring to determine the instrument's construct validity. Only items with a factor loading ≥0.50 were retained. We obtained 111 complete responses. Twenty-two of the 23 original items were retained. Four factors/components emerged, which did not support the original proposed domains. Three factors loaded on a mix of role modeling, and learning environment, structural, and organizational variables, while the fourth factor retained two role modeling items. Based on the factor extraction solution, we restructured the instrument into three domains: role modeling, demonstration of effective systems, and consequences of structural barriers for patients with LEP (Cronbach's alpha: 0.81-0.95, total variance accounted for 53.7%). The results led us to reassess the domain structure to create an instrument representing students' perceptions and context. Our instrument, the LEP-HC, will allow medical educators to investigate a specific and important HC and improve teaching about care of patients with LEP.

Developing assessment instruments for the sensory acceptability of food products

The study investigated the constructs and characteristics of physiological, psychological, and sensory instruments. The data were collected by means of a questionnaire, physiological instrument, psychological instrument, and sensory instrument. The expert judgment conclusions were calculated by means of Aiken formula; the instrument construct validity was analyzed with confirmatory factor analysis by the goodness-of-fit test at the significance level of 0.05; the reliability estimate by generalizability with a G-study coefficient ≥ 0.7 and an ICC coefficient ≥ 0.7; and the instrument characteristics were analyzed by D-study. The results of the study are as follows: (1) the physiological instrument consisted of nine constructs: four constructs of psychological instrument and five constructs of sensory instrument; (2) three instruments had good face validity, content validity and construct validity, supported by the empirical evidence at p 0.05; (3) the reliability estimate of the three instruments was good and the reliability estimate was supported by empirical evidence with G coefficients of 0.7 and ICC coefficients of 0.7, (4) the three instruments had characteristics that might be appropriate to be used by the university students of culinary program and the vocational high school students of culinary program.

Educación Superior, competencias transversales y género: validación de un cuestionario = Higher Education, transversal skills and gender: validation of a questionnaire

In this article, we focus on the study of ethical skills (cross-curricular) and gender in the grades of Education of Spanish public universities, which have participated in the Educational Innovation Project (PIE13-002) obtained in public call of the Malaga University. It aims to both recognise the perception of students regarding ethical and gender competence and develop a questionnaire and determine its construct validity. The sample has been formed by 257 students from different universities. The results confirm the need to continue with the compliance of the current legislation at all levels and in our case, regarding gender equality, non-discrimination and the fight against gender violence at the university. In the model that we propose, the existence of latent factor Skills and gender is hypothesized. The results provide evidence of the instrument's construct validity.

Adapting the revised prenatal coping inventory (NuPCI) for use in a Spanish population

Objective: To adapt the Revised Prenatal Coping Inventory (NuPCI) for the evaluation of prenatal stress coping strategies utilised by Spanish women.Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the psychometric properties of NuPCI adapted for a Spanish population. Two hundred and sixty one puerperium women completed the NuPCI at the time of discharge after childbirth. Instrument construct validity was evaluated using subscale item correlations. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s α test.Results: Items from each subscale (Preparation, Avoidance and Spiritual – Positive Coping) were significantly correlated with the global result (p < .001). The internal reliability of the NuPCI demonstrated suitable values for each of the three coping strategies (α > 0.7). The most frequently used coping strategy was Preparation and the least used was Avoidance. Utilisation of the coping strategies with Preparation decreased with increasing parity (p = .002) and greater prenatal stress was associated with increased use of the Avoidance coping strategy (p < .001).Conclusions: The NuPCI adapted for Spanish women demonstrates good psychometric properties for evaluating the three types of prenatal stress coping strategies: Preparation, Avoidance and Spiritual – Positive Coping. Results were similar to those presented by the instrument in its English language version.

A model of scientific attitudes assessment by observation in physics learning based scientific approach: case study of dynamic fluid topic in high school

This study aimed to produce a model of scientific attitude assessment in terms of the observations for physics learning based scientific approach (case study of dynamic fluid topic in high school). Development of instruments in this study adaptation of the Plomp model, the procedure includes the initial investigation, design, construction, testing, evaluation and revision. The test is done in Surakarta, so that the data obtained are analyzed using Aiken formula to determine the validity of the content of the instrument, Cronbach’s alpha to determine the reliability of the instrument, and construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis with LISREL 8.50 program. The results of this research were conceptual models, instruments and guidelines on scientific attitudes assessment by observation. The construct assessment instruments include components of curiosity, objectivity, suspended judgment, open-mindedness, honesty and perseverance. The construct validity of instruments has been qualified (rated load factor > 0.3). The reliability of the model is quite good with the Alpha value 0.899 (> 0.7). The test showed that the model fits the theoretical models are supported by empirical data, namely p-value 0.315 (≥ 0.05), RMSEA 0.027 (≤ 0.08)