Instruction For People Research Articles

Psychological harm, causes and response to sexual assault of females in developing country

In many developing countries, due to the lack of sex education and knowledge about sex, sex can not be openly discussed and even becomes a topic that people avoid talking about. As a result, the severe consequences, core causes and effective solutions have not been displayed clearly yet. This dissertation focuses firstly on the psychological damage that occurs when women are sexually assaulted in developing countries, specifically discussing the short-term damage and phenomena like emotional damage and changes, the long-term damage and phenomena like Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD), and the social constraints on seeking counselling like lacking of formal psychological clinics. It then discusses the causes of the criminalization of sexual assault. These include the shortage of sex education in the family and at school, regional gender inequalities and inadequate legal provisions against sexual assault. Finally, the response to sexual assault is discussed, divided into seeking help from the law and its advantages and disadvantages, seeking help from medication and psychiatric treatment, and awareness-raising on sexuality, the importance of this response is emphasized in each of these areas. For the meaning of the paper, it can provide help and instruction for people who are really attacked by sexual assault and people who want to make a contribution to improving the situation of fearful sexual assault.

Bonhoeffer’s Account of the Conscience and How it Can Inform Formation Today

In contemporary discourse, different conceptions of the conscience abound. Aquinas and Calvin had similar yet distinct accounts of the conscience and its role in Christian ethical formation. Upon close inspection, both struggle to account fully and consistently for the effects of the fall and its impact on human reason. In response to some of the weaknesses observed in these accounts, Bonhoeffer’s reflections on the conscience offer a more helpful way forward that accounts for the Fall’s effects on human rationality. In addition, his work also offers guidelines for navigating the internal voices and concerns of fallen humanity, ultimately pointing the Christian to the Word of Christ as the final judge and justifier. Finally, his formulations can provide a fuller set of instructions for people doing the spiritual disciplines and navigating their internal world in prayer.

Biblical versus Greek Narratives for Suicide Prevention and Life Promotion: Releasing Hope from Pandora’s Urn

Although suicide has been unfortunately stigmatized unfairly through the ages, we should not make the mistake of going to the opposite extreme and valorizing it. We should not forget that the major role of health care professionals is to prevent suicide when possible and to invigorate the underlying life force in the person. Suicide is often the ultimate outcome of a tragic and pessimistic view of life. It was prevalent in ancient Greek writing. Indeed, over 16 suicides and self-mutilations can be found in the 26 surviving tragedies of Sophocles and Euripides. In contrast, only six suicides can be found in the Hebrew Scriptures, and only one suicide in the Christian Scriptures. In addition, the Hebrew Scriptures present numerous suicide-prevention narratives that effectively provide a psychological instruction for people in despair which seems unavailable to figures in the writings of the great Greek tragedians. Unfortunately, some religious traditions tended to go to the opposite extreme in stigmatizing suicide rather than understanding it and trying to prevent it. This paper examines evidence regarding seven evidence-based risk factors for suicide: (1) Feeling depressed and isolated; (2) Feeling one’s life is without purpose; (3) Being a refugee from one’s homeland; (4) Feeling unable to express oneself with others; (5) Being adopted; (6) Feeling abandoned by one’s child leaving the family nest; and (7) Feeling doomed by a dysfunctional (indeed incestuous) family of origin We contrast biblical and Greek narratives regarding each of these factors, respectively: (1) Elijah against Ajax, (2) Job against Zeno, (3) David against Coriolanus, (4) Jonah against Narcissus, (5) Moses against Oedipus, (6) Rebecca against Phaedra, and finally, (7) Ruth against Antigone. These biblical figures thrive across risk factors while their Greek and Roman counterparts kill or mutilate themselves or provoke others to do the job. All these contrasts should demonstrate to psychotherapists, counselors, and clergy alike as to how Greek narratives lead to self-destructive behaviors while biblical narratives provide a hopeful positive psychology, and a constructive way out these dilemmas. My colleagues (Paul Cantz, Matthew Schwartz, and Moriah Markus-Kaplan) and I call for a biblical psychotherapy for positive psychology, suicide prevention, and indeed life promotion. Where hope is locked up in Pandora’s urn after she has released all the evils unto the world, the biblical God places hope into the sky as a bow after Noah and his family and all the creatures on the ark disembark to land after the receding of the flood.

Consistency and idiosyncrasy of semantic categorization by individuals with traumatic brain injuries

Purpose: Information about semantic categorization consistency may help practitioners to implement augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) options for people with traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). The researchers sought to determine the consistency and extent of general consensus agreement with which adults with TBI organize semantic information. Methods: The researchers compared the semantic categorization consistency of 10 participants with severe TBI to 10 neurotypical adults matched on age and gender. Participants performed a semantic categorization task three times over a 1-month period. The experimental task consisted of two stages: (a) sorting ordinate exemplars into superordinate categories and (b) sorting subordinate exemplars into the previously established ordinate categories. Results: Results showed that participants with TBI were less consistent across trials and more idiosyncratic than neurotypical peers in placing exemplars within categories. Although some participants with TBI achieved higher general consensus agreement scores with experimental task repetition, their performance did not reach levels comparable to those of neurotypical participants. Conclusions: Individually, semantic categorization patterns of some people with severe TBI conform to those of neurotypical adults; patterns of others do not. Some, but not all, survivors demonstrate increased consistency given task repetition. These findings have implications for AAC design and instruction for people with TBI.Implications for RehabilitationClinicians should evaluate the manner in which an individual with TBI categorizes semantic information rather than assuming that he/she intuitively uses the hierarchical superordinate–ordinate–subordinate categorization pattern common to neurotypical adults.Clinicians should evaluate the consistency with which an individual with TBI categorizes semantic information before determining the manner of organizing content within an AAC system or device.When individuals with TBI display idiosyncratic and/or inconsistent patterns of semantic organization, clinicians should explore the possibility that repeated exposure to specific lexical items or direct instruction about categorization strategies will normalize and/or stabilize performance.

Promoting Literacy Instruction for People with Severe Disabilities: Achieving and Realizing a Literate Identity

Promoting Literacy Instruction for People with Severe Disabilities: Achieving and Realizing a Literate Identity

The new world makeover

These were instructions for people who wanted to appear on Extreme Makeover, a programme that ran on the US network ABC from 2002 to 2007. The application performed dual tasks. At one level, it was...