Family Institutions Research Articles

From a Community to a ‘Scheduled Tribe’: A Ethnographic Study of the Hatti

The Hatti community of the Trans-Giri region of Sirmaur District with its recent inclusion in Article 342 of the Indian constitution was designated as Scheduled Tribe (ST). The research article is an ethnographic account of the Hatti Tribe of the Trans-Giri region of Sirmaur District, Himachal Pradesh. The study documents the rich culture and tradition of the Hattis in the existing social institutions of caste, family, marriage, kinship, political organisation and religion on account of fieldwork that was conducted in seven villages. The caste system of the Hatti observes strict defined hierarchies, their pre-determined roles and often determines occupation. It is divided into upper, middle and lower caste, with each caste further divided into sub-categories. The institution of kinship amongst the Hattis is unique and the recognition of kin is extended to the father’s father brother family such that kinship is identified and terminology is used for father’s father family. In addition, they recognise both consanguine and affinal kin and there is no distinct kinship term for lineal and collateral kin. The institution of marriage is also unique in its own way with five types of marriages that are known to take place in the area. Some of them are polyandrous marriage, monogamous marriage, remarriage usually/often after divorce, child marriage and marriage by elopement. Interestingly, all marriages have a different cultural process to solemnise the wedding. The political organisation of the Hattis is known by Khumbli, a traditional council that governs the law and order in the villages, is categorised as per village territories and is still considered the first place to resort differences. There is a close relationship between political and religious organisation such that many a times dispute resolution may take place at the deity level. The Hatti reflect a similar culture and tradition to the Jaunsari, a recognised ST in Uttarakhand. The existing Daichara between the two tribes is one of the strong indicators of common ancestral lines. The ethnographic account of the Hatti tribe in the research article is the first of its kind that documents the culture of the Hatti after they were granted the status of the ST before it embarked on the journey of planned development.

Family and general educational institution

Family and general educational institution

Coached habitus: Mapping the role of shadow education in shaping students' educational trajectories

AbstractStudies have shown how family (typically parents) and formal institutions (specifically schools and universities) shape individuals' dispositions—or habitus. However, other sites of academic socialisation, such as tutoring centres and coaching institutions (collectively forming a shadow education system), are seldom scrutinised for their role in this process. To address this gap in scholarship, this paper draws on interviews with 30 Indian students who narrated their experiences of shadow education in its diversified form, from schooling and higher education to moving to the United Kingdom for advanced education. The discussion of the research findings unveils how shadow education experiences impact students' (academic) dispositions throughout their scholastic lifespan, thus aiding in nurturing academic selves (in early schooling years), cultivating competitive selves (during the transition to university), harnessing enterprising selves (when transitioning within and from university education) and developing transnational selves (as students prepare for international mobility). A synthesis of these empirical realities culminates in introducing a new concept of coached habitus that accounts for the role of shadow education in orchestrating the practices by which students may inculcate specific values, beliefs and habits aiming to prepare them to navigate increasingly competitive educational fields throughout their academic trajectories successfully. The paper argues that shadow education is a key site for habitus formation, particularly in contexts such as India and other Asian countries where non‐formal education is inextricably entwined with everyday schooling experiences.

Pengaruh Green Culture, Green Loyalty dan Green Environment terhadap Green Consumer Behavior di Café Palmere Jepara

A coffee shop is a business that is oriented towards food service. This research aims to analyze the influence of Green Culture on Green Consumer Behavior at Café Palmere Jepara. Analyzing the influence of Green Loyalty on Green Consumer Behavior at Café Palmere Jepara. Analyzing the influence of Green Environment on Green Consumer Behavior at Café Palmere Jepara. The sample for this study was 97 respondents. Partial research results: Green Culture has a positive effect on Green Consumer Behavior. Green Culture is a determinant based on a person's desires and behavior, through family and other institutions, in relationships with other people. A critical marketer in management science must pay attention to cultural values in each marketing area. Partially, Green Loyalty has no effect on Green Consumer Behavior. Green Loyalty is the level of interest in making repeat purchases based on strong environmental characteristics and ongoing commitment to products and services. Partially, Green Environment has no effect on Green Consumer Behavior. The social environment is not an independent function, but is interconnected and produces human behavior.

DEVELOPMENT DYNAMICS OF THE FAMILY INSTITUTION IN KAZAKHSTAN

In the sphere of demographic development of the Republic of Kazakhstan, there are changes in trends in the formation of the family institution, the ethnic structure of the population and the dynamics of migration processes. The purpose of the article is to study the key dynamic indicators of the development of the family institution based on the results of the latest population census in 2021. The article examines the main trends in the birth rate, the proportion of large families, the number of marriages and divorces. Indicators of reproductive intentions (plans) by number of children were also analyzed. Official information from state statistics was used as sources. Thus, for the first time in Kazakhstan, the demographic features of the current state of the family institution based on the results of national censuses have been comprehensively studied in a comparative prism. In general, as a result of global social and gender changes, a certain transformation of the institution of family in Kazakhstan is taking place. Probably, in the medium term, this will contribute to the emergence of new areas of collective responsibility between society and the state.

Брачно-семейное законодательство Августа в литературных и исторических сочинениях I в. до н.э. – II в. н.э.

Based on literary and historical-biographical works, the article considers the manifestations of the crisis of the institute of family and marriage in the Roman society of 1st century B.C. - 2nd century A.D., methods of legislative settlement of problems in the system of family relations, adopted by Emperor Augustus, and the subsequent reaction of society to the adopted laws. The author investigates the personal position of poets and historians with regard to Octavian's policy in the field of private life of Romans, identifies the main reasons for the degradation of moral and ethical norms in the society of the presented period. Investigating numerous attempts to circumvent Julian laws on the part of Roman citizens, as well as the deterioration of family and marriage relations, reflected in written sources, the author comes to the conclusion about the lack of effectiveness of Augustus' laws in the sphere of family and marriage.

Private Enterprises and Innovative Interventions in Long-Term Care for Older People: Insights into Residual Stereotypes of Greek Rural Areas

In many areas of rural Greece there exist remnants of traditional stereotypes that were socially constructed in closed societies where the institution of the patriarchal family previously reigned and are regenerated by the dominant culture. These stereotypes have shaped over time the perception that long-term care for older adults should be provided within the family structure and exclusively by family members. Notably, it was previously considered a disgrace in Greek rural society if children moved their parents to a residential or nursing home. Public or other care facilities for older people emerged just two decades ago, except a few led by the church. However, these attitudes have been softened in recent years. European and National funded programmes have shaped different notions towards long-term care in these areas. This was facilitated by the structural changes that occurred in the Greek countryside in combination with the existing low birth rate in these areas and the presence of concrete migratory flows. The present study explores the business environment that is being formed and its potential to unleash the productive forces that have pinned down the relevant residual stereotypes. It also examines the socio-economic impact of the above enterprises on rural areas. Qualitative interviews were conducted with eight entrepreneurs who have invested in rural long-term care settings for older persons and eight elected chairpersons of local councils. Our findings indicate that regardless of financial support towards private care entities for older people, in order for the services offered to take a more prominent social role, the development of local consensus and innovative interventions is required in tandem. If achieved, such care providers can contribute to the socio-economic development of rural areas. This study provides international literature with further evidence on the crucial role of such enterprises on supportiveness towards inhabitants’ quality of life improvement while results can be useful for Greek and European decision-making centers as well as potential rural entrepreneurs.

Семья в конституционно-правовом регулировании Кыргызской Республики и некоторых стран СНГ

The article is devoted to the comparative legal study of the consolidation of the institute of family and family values in the constitutional matter of the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States. In the course of the study the author came to the conclusion that the basic laws of the majority of CIS member states contain norms and provisions on the priority protection of family interests. At the same time, the basic laws of some countries enshrine in detail the priorities of the state with regard to one of their fundamental constitutional values, while in others the national legislator limited himself to a few key provisions. Constitutional provisions define guidelines for current legislation and the main priorities of the state's family policy, which will undoubtedly have a positive impact on all law enforcement and enforcement practice. The author notes the peculiarities of the constitutions of some countries and offers recommendations for the improvement of national family legislation.

Relationship of Suicidal Tendencies and Drug Dependence: Analysis of Causes and Approaches to Prevention

The relevance of the article is due to the high mortality rate among drug addicts and the severe mental and social consequences of drugs. Understanding the causes and factors that contribute to suicidal behavior among drug addicts is key to developing effective prevention and rehabilitation programs. The author focuses on the alarming aspect of drug addiction — the high risk of suicidal tendencies among drug addicts. Drug addiction is often accompanied by severe mental disorders such as depression, anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These disorders, in turn, increase suicidal thoughts and behavior. In the article, the author provides a scientific review of existing research on the relationship between drug addiction and suicidal thoughts and behavior. Based on a study of international experience, the importance of family and community support in preventing suicide attempts is noted. Based on the results obtained, conclusions are formulated based on reviews of psychological, social and biological factors contributing to suicide risk among drug addicts, aimed at evaluating existing suicide prevention programs among drug addicts. The main provisions and conclusions can be used when studying the issue of preserving the institution of family, noting the importance of family and public support in preventing suicide attempts. Drug addiction poses one of the most serious threats to the health and well-being of society.

Peculiarities of law enforcement system functioning in the context of digitalization

The relevance of the topic under study in this article is due to the fact that for the purpose of balanced and sustainable development of society, the law enforcement system must also adapt to the conditions of digitalization. This should be done by maximizing the introduction of advanced digital technologies, including artificial intelligence, into the daily activities of law enforcement agencies. It is noted that the processes of digitalization have accelerated significantly in the context of the coronavirus pandemic, which has led to the introduction of a wide range of restrictions, in particular, quarantine, curfews, restrictions on business and public authorities in the provision of public services, the mechanisms for the implementation of which have emerged in the light of digital technologies. The authors analyzed the essence of the functioning of the law enforcement system in conditions of digitalization, such as: development of the family institution; aggravation of the problem of preventing and countering domestic violence in the conditions of martial law; rethinking the meaning of pretrial investigation and criminal intelligence (analysis) in the context of crime transformation. Peculiarities of digitization of modern anti-corruption tools, the fundamental importance of international partnership in the field of law enforcement in the conditions of digitalization are also considered.

Assessment of needs, challenges, and re-design considerations for culturally sensitive provision and delivery of palliative care supports and services for older adults who prefer to age and die in place in diverse India.

As the global older adult population continues to grow, challenges related to managing multiple chronic conditions (MCCs) or multimorbidity underscore the growing need for palliative care. Palliative care preferences and needs vary significantly based on context, location, and culture. As a result, there is a need for more clarity on what constitutes palliative care in diverse settings. Our objective was to present an international perspective on palliative care in India, a culturally diverse and large ancient Eastern middle-income country. In this narrative review article, we considered three questions when re-designing palliative care for older adults aging-in-place in India: (I) what are the needs for palliative care for persons and their families? (II) Which palliative care domains are essential in assessing improvements in the quality of life (QoL)? (III) What patientreported measures are essential considerations for palliative care? To address these questions, we provide recommendations based on the following key domains: social, behavioral, psychological, cultural, spiritual, medical, bereavement, legal, and economic. Using an established and widely reported conceptual framework on aging and health disparities, we provide how these domains map across multiple levels of influence, such as individual or family members, community, institutions, and health systems for achieving the desired QoL. For greater adoption, reach, and accessibility across diverse India, we conclude palliative care must be carefully and systematically re-designed to be culturally appropriate and community-focused, incorporating traditions, individual preferences, language(s), supports and services from educational and health institutions, community organizations and the government. In addition, national government insurance schemes such as the Ayushman Bharat Yojna can include explicit provisions for palliative care so that it is affordable to all, regardless of ability to pay. In summary, our considerations for incorporating palliative care domains to care of whole person and their families, and provision of supports of services from an array of stakeholders broadly apply to culturally diverse older adults aging in place in India and around the globe who prefer to age and die in place.

Solidarity against patriarchy – an aspect of radical feminism in Ncumisa Vapi’s novel, Litshona Liphume

The fundamental purpose of this article is to investigate solidarity against patriarchy, an aspect of radical feminism in Ncumisa Vapi’s novel, Litshona Liphume. I have chosen radical feminism because female characters are often marginalised, not only in the family institution, but also in the entire society. One of the secondary aims is to determine the way the female character deals with the feminine condition she finds herself in, depending on whether it is constructive or destructive, positive or negative. Another secondary aim is to discuss the positive and the negative roles that are played by other characters whether they are males or females. Qualitative research methodology underlies this research article, with the interview of the author demonstrating human experiences and behaviour, which paves the way to an appropriate analysis of thoughts and ideas. By so doing, the extent to which the feminine condition is manifested is not only identified, it is explained in such a way that it is linked to the feminist theory articulated by other scholars. The study suggests that solidarity against patriarchy, an aspect of radical feminism in Vapi’s novel, Litshona Liphume, ought to be recognised as a wake-up call.

Problems of transformation of family institution and prospects for its development

Problems of transformation of family institution and prospects for its development

Ethnography of Body Experience in Iran Today: My Mother is always Chasing Me.

How do we experience our bodies? This intentionally broad question was taken into the daily life of society to let the lived experiences guide us. This ethnographic study was conducted among a friendship group of four girls born in the 1980s, who exhibit diversity in their dress and lifestyle. Through extended conversations and accompanying this group in various settings, we gradually gained insight into their understanding and encounter with their bodies. Among the extensive field notes, a relatively consistent pattern emerged. In this pattern, individuals initially identify their bodies based on familial values and standards. At a certain point, influenced by external factors, they begin to question these patterns and start rethinking and creating their own unique patterns. However, the individualized body does not easily manifest within the family context. As a result, people often lead dual lives, which is highly exhausting. Eventually, they decide to inform their families about some of their personal patterns, which also comes with challenges and never fully materializes. While recent developments in Iranian society, particularly the "Women, Life, Liberty" movement, highlight the role of social and political institutions in the embodiment of women, the findings of this study indicate that the family institution, particularly the mother (and even the mother-in-law), still holds significant authority.

Neoliberalism, Incarceration, and Fracturing the Institution of the African American Family in Angie Thomas’s The Hate U Give

Neoliberalism, Incarceration, and Fracturing the Institution of the African American Family in Angie Thomas’s The Hate U Give

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EFFECTIVE FAMILY COMMUNICATION AND PERSONAL HYGIENE IN THE ELDERLY IN JATIMAKMUR BEKASI CITY

A person who is in the elderly phase experiences changes both physically and mentally and socially. Physical changes include decreased physical strength, stamina and appearance. In Indonesia, it has not been supported by improving the quality of health care for the elderly. Knowledge about elderly care, both by family, parents themselves and other social institutions is still very inadequate. The factors that cause lack of self-care in the elderly are due to lack of knowledge or cognitive deficits. The application of effective communication in the family is a form of interaction between children and elderly parents which has implications for personal hygiene. The method that will be used by the researcher is quantitative with an analytical research design. The design of this study was cross sectional with the technique of Probability Sampling simple random sampling. The population in this study were 85 elderly and after entering into the Slovin formula, a sample of 70 elderly people was obtained. The results of statistical analysis using the chi-square test obtained a p-value of 0.000 0.05. This shows that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. It was obtained from the bivariate result that 63 (90.0%) respondents had good effective family communication with good personal hygiene. Based on the results of the study, there is a significant relationship between effective family communication and personal hygiene in Jatimakmur, Bekasi City.

Family institution and change of reproductive behaviour patterns of Russians in the formation of a new socio-gender order and country demographic environment

Family institution and change of reproductive behaviour patterns of Russians in the formation of a new socio-gender order and country demographic environment

Demographic Development of Russia within the Boundaries of Human Capital Theory: Problems and Solutions

The article outlines the role of the demographic situation in ensuring the development of the socio-economic system of the country. In the process of empirical research, the dynamics of the list of indicators characterizing the demographic situation in Russia is considered. The calculation of the absolute indicator of the population is presented, which allows to reveal of the numerical losses of human capital. The fact that the reduction of the country’s population was due to the population of rural areas was established. It is also noted that there was a constant increase in the number of population over working age, as well as a decrease in the working-age population. The decrease in the existing volumes of human capital has led to certain economic losses expressed in the form of lost GDP, which the socio-economic system has incurred. In the context of the above trends, the preservation of the existing human capital, which can be assessed on the basis of the dynamics of indicators: life expectancy and the number of marriages and divorces, becomes a priority. The processes of human capital reproduction represent one of the important directions of demographic development in Russia. The authors determined that these processes have a negatively directed tendency to change. This problem is considered from the position of the functioning of the family institution and the dynamics of the divorce process. An analytical study of statistical data allowed us to conclude that the intensity of marriages in Russia during ten years was higher than the intensity of divorces. The calculated value of the coefficient of preservation of family relations indicates an increase in the probability of reproduction of human capital. The authors calculated the numerical value of reserve human capital in the form of the volume of potential labor force, which can provide an additional volume of GDP.

The Conditions of Functioning of the Student Family in Modern Russia: The Main Problems and Resources of Well-Being

The research relevance of the of the Institute of student families is growing in the Russian Federation. Firstly, a student family is an object of social protection since the conditions of its functioning are associated with a number of problems. Therefore, resources are needed to form or restore well-being. Secondly, due to the decrease in the overall fertility rate and population in Russia student families can be considered as a demographic development resource. This study discusses well-being parameters of different types of student families. The purpose of this work is to systematize these parameters that determine the well–being of student families, which will allow us to draw conclusions about what resources families need. At the first stage, a theoretical analysis was carried out and definitions of the concept of “student family” were clarified. At the second stage of the study, sociological data were collected by a mass survey and factor analysis (the method of main components, Kaiser normalization) was carried out, which allowed us to determine the trends of student youth goal-setting. These goals underlie the formation of ideas about well-being. The methodological basis of the research is the theory of planned behavior, which allows us to consider the attitudes of student youth as significant for members of student families who are included in the social environment of the higher education space. As a result, it was revealed which attitudes are the basis for the formation of well-being. Empirical data were obtained within the framework of the All-Russian sociological study “Student Family of Russia” conducted by IDI FNIST RAS in 2022, the sample size was 1,388 students aged 17-28 years receiving higher professional education in 15 higher educational institutions in 12 regions of Russia. The study identified the historical conditions for changes in the institution of the student family and parameters of well-being and described different types of student families.

تصورات الفكر الحداثي عن التشريعات الإسلامية للأسرة: دراسة تحليلية مقارنة

This study aims to contribute to the ongoing debate on the perceptions of modernity-related thought concerning family affairs in Islamic legislation. Analyzing the discourse of modernity and the issues raised therein, the researcher attempts to answer the following questions: what effect-if any- does one’s stance on religious heritage have on the study of family-related issues? what are the flaws of the modernists with respect to the family? what are the alternative perceptions that Islam presents concerning family values and legislation? To answer these questions- and to achieve the objective of his study- the researcher has used a descriptive as well as a comparative approach. In conclusion, the study has found that the flaws of the modernist approach, which adopts western secular concepts and values on a universal scale, can be traced back to its rejection of any cultural particularities stemming from religious heritage. That is why it fails to acknowledge or explain the changes witnessed in daily life in Muslim societies. Understandably, an explanation of such changes cannot be reduced exclusively to a material worldview. Identifying some features of such shortcomings, the researcher has referred to the modernists’ rejection of value-based family cohesion, and how they see it as a source of violation to women's rights. Or worse still, they see it as a form of stereotyping the gender roles in line with religious rulings. On the positive side, the study outlined some features of an alternative methodology from within the Islamic worldview- to address the issues of parent education, family upbringing based on dialogue, equality among family members, and women’s freedoms, which modernists usually raise. The study ends by urging researchers to conduct further case studies on a specific country or family institutions. The focus of such works should be on evaluating the content of the modernist discourse in international agreements, and its impact on women and children, on the identity of the family, as well as its functions and characteristics from the perspective of cultural differences among nations.