Institutionalization Of Innovation Research Articles

Which mode of governance for the innovation cities of Moroccan public universities?

AbstractThe project to create innovation cities is part of the national innovation strategy developed since 2009, and of Law No. 01.00 on the organization of higher education which allowed to adopt judicious programs relating to the valorization of research and innovation within the universities. Therefore, to promote the valorization of research and to make society benefit from its results, various initiatives have been initiated. These initiatives gave birth to the Innovation Cities project. This project was designed around the axes of governance, regulatory framework, infrastructure, financing, support, and talent mobilization. Nevertheless, despite the results obtained, in terms of innovation and valorization of scientific research and also in terms of development of the entrepreneurial culture, difficulties hinder the management and governance of these complex ecosystems. As a result, the expected objectives could not be reached. The problematic posed is to question the difficulties encountered which are more related to the lack of adequate governance mode for this kind of structures allowing them to be able to release energies and promote innovation. In which, we will, in the first step, identify the difficulties due to the lack of efficient governance, and in the second step, show the different possible scenarios, proposed within the framework of the European Erasmus+ INSITES project “Institutionalization of Innovation and Knowledge Transfer Structures,” in view of the requirement of the missions of the cities of innovation and of the regulation in force, to implement an enlightened, transparent and quality governance.

Outsider-driven institutional entrepreneurship: the case of the emerging field of positive psychology education

AbstractThe phenomenon of outsider-driven institutional entrepreneurship may appear both paradoxical and opaque. We examine outsider-driven institutional entrepreneurship by drawing on an in-depth qualitative case study of the emerging field of positive psychology education. We investigate how institutional entrepreneurs, located outside Kuwait’s Ministry of Education, enabled actors inside the Ministry both to deviate from existing institutional arrangements and to institutionalize new practices. Our findings illustrate that outsider-driven institutional entrepreneurship in emerging fields starts with ‘normalization’, that is, the production of claims, arguments, and evidence, about the effectiveness of the newly proposed practices. Our study contributes to the literature on outsider-driven institutional entrepreneurship in emerging fields by identifying a set of critical activities associated with deviation from prevailing institutional arrangements, and the institutionalization of innovation.

Innovation During COVID-19 Pandemic: Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene in Informal Settlements

This paper explores informal settlements’ innovations in the water, sanitation, and hygiene sector during the COVID-19 pandemic. Water, sanitation, and hygiene are important aspects that can reduce the spread of COVID-19. However, the water and sanitation conditions in densely populated informal settlements tend to be sub-standard, and residents must often rely on shared facilities. Previous research has generally explored innovation on a macro scale, whereas this research is local. This paper explores four elements of innovation: form, actor, conflict, and regulation, to study social innovations in six urban villages in Bandung City, Indonesia. This study found that innovations during the COVID-19 pandemic have generally been in the form of arrangements for using shared facilities and providing handwashing facilities. A mix of actors comprised the community, village/sub-district officers, the COVID-19 task force, and other community organizations, highlighting the importance of combining a bottom-up and top-down approach to social innovations. However, a lack of rules and the institutionalization of innovations, perceived getting better conditions, scheduling, and funding prevented the long-term success of the innovations. The paper develops policy recommendations for the water, sanitation, and hygiene sector based on these findings.

Distress, Duress and Dichotomy:

The sociology of everyday life is a paradigm of theoretical orientation. The complexities of the everyday life of the social actors exhibit more than what is there in the framework of the apparent reality and help in constructing a fulfilling and applicable idea about the social actors. This essay aims to examine such complexities in the fabric of the everyday lives of the scroll painters of Naya, a village in West Midnapore district of West Bengal which are exhibited and expressed in various forms and ways. Th rough examining the social space of Naya that constitutes the lifeworld of the scroll painters and their spatial identity, this essay aims to understand the transformative lifeworld of the scroll painters to argue that the social space of the village acts as an invisible force of the institutionalization of innovation, ingenuity, and integrity

Institutionalization of technological innovations in the public sector of Bangladesh

After departing from the ideologies of traditional public administration, Bangladesh has experienced quite a few innovations in public administration. A practical illustration of that is the establishment of the Governance Innovation Unit under the prime minister’s office and the A2i at the ICT division, the first innovation laboratory of its kind in the world. At the same time truly remarkable are the innovations achieved with the help of technology and information in the public sector, especially for a young country such as Bangladesh. Usage of technology is hoped to reduce the rigidity of service delivery, increase effectiveness and efficiency, and also at the same decrease the travel, cost, and visit for the service recipients. Institutionalization of these innovations is vital for making the innovations replicable throughout the whole sector and also for making them sustainable. This paper aims to examine and understand the state of institutionalization of technological innovations in the public sector of Bangladesh, investigate the strategies that are helping to attain that goal, and understand the challenges to the process of institutionalization. The design of the paper is qualitative as it employs rigorous content and document analysis and also incorporates data from expert interviews. The paper concludes with the remark that; Bangladesh has a long way to go in regard to institutionalize the innovations it has been taken and a particular set of planned strategies must be taken to make the innovations sustain and embed in the organizational culture of the public sector in Bangladesh.

Theoretical grounds of the development of innovation infrastructure

The object of this research is the innovation infrastructure. The subject is the key theoretical approaches towards comprehension of innovation infrastructure, subsystems of innovation infrastructure, role of the state in formation and development of innovation infrastructure, as well as problems of institutionalization of innovation environment in the Russian Federation at the current stage. The scientific novelty of this article is reflected in the following aspects: formulation of the original definition of innovation infrastructure on the basis of systematization of theoretical approaches towards interpretation of innovation infrastructure in Russian science; development of the original approach towards classification of subsystems of innovation infrastructure; proposal of the methods for eliminating the flaws inherent to institutionalization of innovations in Russia at the present stage. The main conclusions lie in the following statements: 1) the term “innovation infrastructure” should be defined as “a set of interrelated organizations and institutions aimed at ensuring the implementation of innovation projects”; 2) innovation infrastructure consists of the five subsystems, two of which (production-technological and financial) are central, and three are (information-consulting, human resource, and sales) are supporting; 3) strong coordination of all subsystems of innovation infrastructure in modern Russia requires adhering to cluster arrangement of innovation infrastructure. The concentration of all enterprises in a single space would allow maximizing their efficiency, as well as reducing the costs. Clusters can be formed in accordance with one of the models that are actively used in the developed countries, such as science and technology parks and technopolises.

ALTERNATIVES OF INNOVATIVE APPROACHES FROM THE POSITION OF BUSINESS STRUCTURES AND INSTITUTIONAL CRITERIA

The article is devoted to topical issues of innovative approaches from the standpoint of entrepreneurial structures and institutional criteria. This study substantiates the relevance of the development, implementation and improvement of approaches to the institutionalization of innovations in the context of globalization. From a theoretical point of view, the evolution of innovations in the system of entrepreneurial structures in the maritime trade market is investigated, theoretical approaches to the study of innovative systems and the principles of global innovative interaction are disclosed. This study presents an institutional approach to the implementation of innovations in the maritime market of Ukraine, as well as summarizes the practical experience of institutionalizing scientific research systems in the global maritime trade market, identifies the need for innovative and modernized development of the national maritime industry.

Innovations in spatial planning as a social process – phases, actors, conflicts

ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to understand the social process of the emergence and institutionalization of innovations in spatial planning (which we describe as ‘social innovations’). The paper is based on a recently finished empirical and comparative study conducted in four distinct areas of spatial planning in Germany: urban design, neighbourhood development, urban regeneration and regional planning. The empirical cases selected in these areas encompass different topics, historical periods, degrees of maturity and spatial scales of innovation. As a temporal structure of the innovation processes in the different cases we identified five phases: ‘incubating, generating, formatting, stabilizing, adjusting’. In a cross-comparison of the case studies and along these phases, we furthermore found typical (groups of) actors, tensions and conflicts. In the focus of our case analyses are the following dimensions: (1) the content of the innovations, (2) actors, networks and communities involved as well as (3) institutions and institutionalization.

Portrait of a Research Pioneer: Andrew Van de Ven

Research SummaryThis article reviews the contributions of Andrew Van de Ven, a pioneer in the study of innovation, entrepreneurship, and corporate venturing. It articulates key themes in and findings from his research as well as the methodological and theoretical advances that he has introduced, shaping the development of the field. Embracing a broad view of entrepreneurship, his research has also fundamentally altered our understanding of the nature and processes of innovation and its implications for organizational learning, new business creation, and improved competitiveness. Van de Ven's fieldwork and engaged scholarship have made his findings powerful, rigorous, and relevant. The article also highlights the implications of Van de Ven's body of work for future research.Managerial SummaryProfessor Andrew Van de Ven is a true pioneer in the processes involved in the conception, introduction, evaluation, adoption, and institutionalization of innovations in established companies. His seminal work highlights key challenges managers encounter in each of these stages, offering rich insights into the causes and consequences of these issues while suggesting important solutions to them. Van de Ven's work has also advanced novel ways of studying and tracking innovations over time. It has also explored the close link between innovation and corporate venturing activities, which are vital to organizational renewal and growth. Van de Ven's findings about the dynamics of organizational change and learning have altered our notions of organizational evolution and transformation. Copyright © 2016 Strategic Management Society.

Institutionalization of Grassroots Innovation in India

India's economy has a large informal sector, which is generally associated with low labour productivity and poverty in the country. India became the first country to recognize the innovative ability of the informal sector and support it. Grassroots innovations scouted in various parts of India are now provided a complete cycle of support and integrated into the formal sector through networking cooperation with research institutions, businesses and governmental organizations at various levels. This article traces the genesis of the system of support for grassroots innovation in India through the institutionalization of the innovative activity of the informal sector. The specifics of this process can be taken into consideration by countries wishing to unleash the innovative potential of the informal sector.

Discourse as driver of innovation in contemporary haute cuisine: The case of elBulli restaurant

This paper examines the case of elBulli restaurant, an organization central to the avant-garde movement that has revolutionized haute cuisine, to analyze an organization's ability to innovate and to enact changes within its field. The paper draws on ethnographic data to describe the role of one key driver of innovation: the systematic documentation and publishing of a discourse, prior to the mass use of social media. Three functions of a discourse that lead to the diffusion and institutionalization of innovations in the case under study are identified: (i) conceptualization, (ii) socialization and (iii) control. The analysis points to the potential contribution of discourse as a driver in other industries following creative paths.

The Innovation Centre

Technology and globalization have come to be intertwined forces, fuelled by present-day ideas about innovation and entrepreneurship. Among the outcomes of this process has been the institutionalization of innovation centres worldwide, particularly since 1985. The spread of innovation centres has interesting global patterns: some countries lead by size, others by pioneering this trend. Based on a comprehensive worldwide survey of innovation centres, the authors analyse the patterns of global diffusion of this institutional form.

DEVELOPING THE PROCESSUAL ANALYSIS OF INSTITUTIONALIZATION: THE CASE OF RESOURCE PLANNING SYSTEMS INNOVATION.

This paper contributes to the growing interest in the institutionalization of innovation. Drawing on the work of Barley and Tolbert (1997), the paper develops a processual approach to institutionalization which emphasizes the interplay between local level adoption of innovations, and their field-level diffusion. This interplay is seen linked to the emergence of key mechanisms of institutionalization, including role specialization, boundary-spanning activities and the production of discourse. The paper develops this processual approach through an historical, multi-level account of the evolution and spread of Resource Planning systems innovation, from the 1960's to the present-day culminating in the current generation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. This empirical account allows us explore the coevolution of key institutionalizing mechanisms and relate them to the development of the technologies involved. In particular, the relationship between field-level shifts in technology and the expanding scope, and challenges, of their use at local level are analysed in terms of a process of disembedding and embedding organizational and technological forms of knowledge. The resulting analysis helps us to account for the apparent contradiction between the widespread acceptance of ERP systems innovation and the chronic problems experienced in the use of such innovation. It leads to the view that RP systems innovation has become institutionalized within business practice in part because of, and not despite, the frequent failures associated with its adoption.

Design of Corporate Creativity

Globalization has created immense competitive pressures on corporates. In order to survive and prosper, organizations in the Third World need to redesign themselves for corporate creativity, i.e., for high rates of sustained and successful technological as well as non-technological innovations. This paper provides several examples of how deregulation of the West's airlines industry in the decade of the 1980s stimulated its corporate creativity. It then reviews the literature on the organizational design for corporate creativity to derive a model of the corporate's organizational design requirements for copious and successful innovations. The model proposes that, for superior corporate creativity in a regime of intensifying environmental pressures, the organization needs to choose the following: i) innovation-friendly business strategies; ii) organizational structure; iii) top management style; iv) middle management practices; and v) effective modes of managing innovations. These choices would lead to innovational success, which, in turn, would confer competitive excellence on the organization. This paper reports a test of the model through questionnaire-based data on 65 Indian corporates collected from late 1999 to early 2003. Data were gathered from an average of five top and senior level executives from each corporate on 6-point scales, and each scale was anchored by a statement at each extreme. All the responses from each organization were averaged for each rated scale and converted into a percentage score for the organization. The scales were grouped for aggregation into: i) environmental pressure; ii) innovations-supportive strategic management; iii) innovations-supportive top management style; iv) innovations-supportive organizational structure; v) innovations- supportive managerial practices and culture; vi) effective management of innovations; vii) corporate innovational success; and viii) corporate competitive excellence. The data were secured for the situation ‘now’ and three years earlier and this enabled the computing of changes in each study variable. The data indicated that change in effective mangement of innovations was the strongest predictor of change in innovational success which, in turn, was the greatest predictor of change in competitive corporate excellence. In order to identify the major strategic choices in the face of high versus low environmental pressure, cluster analysis was performed on the data from the 30 highest scoring corporates on environmental pressure and the 30 lowest scoring corporates on environmental pressure. It revealed that, regardless of environmental pressure, organizations that chose to adopt an organizational design compatible with high corporate creativity outscored those organizations that did not choose such a design in terms of both innovational success and competitive excellence. The data also indicated that organizational design for corporate creativity may yield far better performance when change in environmental pressure is modest than when it is large. The reason may lie in differential rates of the diffusion of innovations in high versus low pressure environments. High pressure environments may induce a more rapid diffusion of innovations. The faster the institution-alization of innovations in an industry, the lower, or less durable, may be the competitive advantage conferred on the innovating organization. This paper strongly recommends the following: Managers should redesign their organizations for higher corporate creativity. The core curriculum of MBA programmes needs to incorporate values, competencies, and management concepts that can nurture organizational creativity. Specifically, this paper provides suggestions to practising managers for enhancing corporate creativity which are as follows: Conduct a diagnosis of the design of your organization and identify the items where the gaps with the model are large. Form a cross-functional team to tackle each major gap area. Review the recommendations of the team and identify action points for implementation. Institutionalize a culture of brainstorming for novel and effective solutions and a number of specific innovation-friendly practices.

Information processes in support of innovation

This paper presents a case study of information processes in the regional office of a multi-national energy company which repositioned the company from exploration to gas storage. The information flows show the dissemination of "rich" information in and between project groups due to the small scale of the regional site with many long-standing members of staff. Formal methods of constituting an organisational memory are actively discouraged as corporate policy is that records, which are not legally required must be destroyed. The authors conclude that while the organisation has been successful in innovation to a certain level, current processes act against the institutionalisation of innovation. This may be assisted by the introduction of "joint information platforms" or summary project documents, accessed by groupware systems. Such dynamic systems would supplement the current information dissemination processes, while underpinning the creation of a learning environment.

Paths of innovation: technological change in 20th-century America

1. Introduction 2. The organization and institutionalization of innovation, 1900-1940 3. The internal combustion engine 4. Chemicals 5. Electric power 6 The electronics revolution, 1947-1990 8. Concluding observations.

Freedom of Speech: Construct for Creating a Culture Which Empowers Organizational Members

Empowering organizational members through the process of freedom of speech may be one of the most effective (and probably least expensive) ways to energize a workforce to excel and for motivating workers to meet the challenges of the 21st century. Implicit in this statement are conceptualizations of empowerment, freedom of speech, and organizational culture. Empowerment is all about attitude and persuasion, and its ultimate goal is in the institutionalization of innovations resulting in social changes for the better(Takata, 1991, p. 255). Freedom of speech allows for the free exchange of ideas among people and helps to create a more informed populace, who share information, ideas, beliefs, attitudes, and who enhance their roles as informed participants in the market place of ideas. The study of organizational culture attempts to discover the sense-making means used by people to function in an organization. These three concepts - empowerment, freedom of speech, and organizational culture- form the th...

An Organizational Learning Approach to Product Innovation

This article examines product innovation as an organizational learning process. It provides a framework allowing managers and scholars to relate product‐innovation learning skills to organizational goals. Daryl McKee shows how different types of organizational learning skills are involved in incremental innovation, discontinuous innovation and institutionalization of innovation within the organization. This conceptualization can help scholars and managers diagnose an organization's learning skills and how they relate to new product management; direct the organization toward learning more efficient and effective product innovation; and provide scholars with a structure for future research.

An organizational learning approach to product innovation

This article examines product innovation as an organizational learning process. It provides a framework allowing managers and scholars to relate product-innovation learning skills to organizational goals. Daryl McKee shows how different types of organizational learning skills are involved in incremental innovation, discontinuous innovation and institutionalization of innovation within the organization. This conceptualization can help scholars and managers diagnose an organization's learning skills and how they relate to new product management; direct the organization toward learning more efficient and effective product innovation; and provide scholars with a structure for future research.

Institutionalization of Innovations in Higher Education: Four Models

The purpose of this paper is to systematize some of the contrasting conceptual schemes which have been used, more often implicitly than explicitly, by previous writers concerned with the institutionalization of innovations in higher education. Most studies have essentially utilized one of three models: the organic growth model, the differentiation model, or the diffusion model. Each of these can contribute to a greater understanding of certain institutionalization processes, but a fourth, here called the combined-process model, is more appropriate for many situations. Terry N. Clark is assistant professor of sociology at the University of Chicago.