Institutional Mergers Research Articles

The history of Women in Radiology (WIR) programs at two academic institutions: How we did it and how we merged best practices

RationaleThe percentage of women in radiology has remained at 25 % for decades. Our institutions identified the need to recruit, support and retain women in our departments in order to change this status quo. MethodsOur institutions created two different frameworks for Women in Radiology (WIR) programs in order to meet the needs of each distinct department. The organizational structure (trainee led vs faculty led and hybrid), the need for departmental chair support, and types of events and speakers are outlined with unique programs provided by each institution. Collaboration with established programs for women within the institutions and within the region was utilized to support the developing programs. ResultsEach of the (WIR) programs has been successful in creating community, impact and sustainable programming, including a peer and faculty mentoring programs for all genders, improvements in gender equity in the workplace, the implementation of trainee parental support programs, and an overall increase in the percentage of women trainees and faculty. Over the last 3 years, the integration of the two programs into a single Women in Radiology program, also encompassing the new enterprise radiology group, has led the way during the initiation of a large institutional merger from two institutions to one large institution. OutcomesWe have provided two frameworks for developing a successful women in radiology program as well as a roadmap for combining best practices in a time of change and institutional merger at a major academic institution.

Economic rationality and educational realities: efficiency effects of institutional mergers in German adult education (1995–2017)

Economic rationality and educational realities: efficiency effects of institutional mergers in German adult education (1995–2017)

The regional mission in a merged multi-campus university college: a case study from Western Norway

ABSTRACT Recent years have seen an increasing institutionalisation of the regional mission of universities, coinciding with mergers of institutions from different regions to form large multi-campus universities that span across them. This study examines how such a merger has shaped the regional mission of a polycentric higher education institution in Western Norway. We find that even when the regional mission is at the core of a merged HEI’s identity, translating it into practice can be challenging because the regional mission can be understood and implemented in very different ways within the merged institution. These differences can emerge from the geographical stretch of merged multi-campus HEIs, exposing such institutions to several regional eco-systems with varying needs; from the identity stretch of old institutional structures, where pre-merger HEIs may have taken different roles in their respective regions; and from differences in modes of regional collaboration across faculties. Whilst managing the tensions that arise from these differences, merged multi-campus HEIs must also create synergies within the institution to serve regional needs better, on which the legitimacy of such mergers may critically depend. This in turn leads to a tricky balancing act between local adaptation and the harnessing of synergies within multi-campus HEIs. We conclude that managing these tensions effectively is key to successfully solving the regional mission for such institutions.

Shareholder-Creditor Conflict and the Resolution of Financial Distress

Abstract Constructing a comprehensive data set of financially distressed firms that restructured their debts from 2000–2014, we find that firms with financial institutions’ loan-equity simultaneous holdings are more likely to restructure out of court than to file for bankruptcy. The effect is stronger when loans are oversecured and when the expected bankruptcy costs are larger. We use mergers of financial institutions and instrumental variable estimations to address potential endogeneity concerns. Firms with simultaneous holdings experience higher stock returns. The evidence suggests that mitigating shareholder-creditor conflict results in cost-effective resolutions of financial distress. (JEL G20, G30, G33)

Kepemimpinan Pembina Madrasah Diniyah Hidayatul Mubtadi’ien Ngawi Berbasis Kecerdasan Emosional dalam Menyongsong Era Globalisasi

Leadership is a crucial aspect that needs to be considered in education, as effective leadership can provide educational outcomes that align with the demands of the times. This article is examined with the aim of describing the leadership model based on emotional intelligence in facing the era of globalization in the Hidayatul Mubtadi'ien Ngawi Islamic school. The research uses a qualitative approach with a case study type, and primary data sources include madrasah diniyah facilitators, the head of the madrasah diniyah, and representative diniyah teachers. Data collection techniques involve observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis process includes data condensation, data display, and drawing conclusions. The research results show that in preparation for the era of globalization, the Hidayatul Mubtadi'ien Ngawi Islamic elementary school management has introduced a new innovation by merging institutions while emphasizing the key elements of leadership in personal competence and social competence dimensions.

Common ownership and corporate innovation strategy

It is empirically challenging to test the effect of common ownership on corporate innovation as the observed impact of common ownership on corporate innovation is a net effect due to two offsetting powers: technological spillover and market stealing. This paper tends to mitigate that issue by investigating the impact of common ownership on the strategic features of corporate innovation. We analyze the effect of common ownership on corporate innovation activities using stacked difference-in-differences analyses based on events of financial institutional mergers and acquisitions. We find no significant effect of common ownership on research and development (R&D) expenditures, patent applications, and citations, whereas we find a positive effect of common ownership on exploitative innovation strategy. Our findings suggest that the weak market-stealing effect of exploitative innovation incentivizes common owners to encourage a higher weight of exploitative innovation among innovation outputs. Our study contributes to the current literature in three ways. First, it provides new evidence of the anti-competitive effect of common ownership. Second, it empirically examines competing theoretical predictions of common ownership impacts on corporate innovation. Third, it identifies common ownership as one of the determinants for variations of innovation strategy.

Academic institutional merger: an emerging UAE experience

Academic institutional merger: an emerging UAE experience

Academic Institutional Merger: An Emerging UAE Experience

Academic Institutional Merger: An Emerging UAE Experience

PREREQUISITES FOR THE CREATION OF A SINGLE STUDENT QUARTER WITHIN THE BOUNDARIES OF DIEDRICHSON, MECHNYKOVA, NISHCHINSKY AND DYUKIVSKA STREETS

The possibility of renovating the student quarter by creating common spaces while addressing the existing problems of the territory of the initial mortgages is being considered. The main idea is: the creation of a single campus on the basis of current student communities in the world. Implementation of new functions in the territories of the initial buildings, competent development of the local-planning structure with additional renovation and rehabilitation of the territory, leading to an influx of foreign students, which will become a business card for institutions. The article presents the specifics of the design and renovation of the student quarter, identifies the main problems of the quarter and their solutions, as well as the identified advantages of the historical student quarter. The applications of Campus projects are brought to light. 
 The aim of this work is to create a United Campus based on the example of modern campuses around the world. To create additional pedestrian connections between streets and provide visitors to educational institutions with open spaces for recreation and work. To create a single space that is favourable for finding and learning. To give a new and modern look to educational institutions that will contribute to the development of the surrounding areas. To attract the attention of future students and teachers. 
 The implementation of the Single Campus idea can also improve the prestige of educational institutions, increase their competitiveness. Overall, the merger of educational institutions into a Single Campus can have a positive impact on the learning environment, promoting synergy, innovation and societal development.

The Link between Financial Synergy and Financial Performance of Commercial Banks: A Case of Kenya

Despite the significance of commercial banks in Kenya, their financial performance has been fluctuating over the last decade. The overall trend of financial performance (measured by Return on Equity in year 2018 to year 2022) has been inconsistent and largely erratic, with the lowest ratio recorded being 14.1% in 2018: this improved slightly in year 2019 then rose to 14.9% before dropping to 13.9% in 2020. The highest Return on Equity (at 25.6%) was recorded in the year 2022. Although the banking sector has documented growth in Assets, financial performance (in terms of Profitability) has been declining in the recent past. Empirical evidence linking financial synergy and financial performance of commercial banks documents mixed results on the nature and type of relationships. However, it remains an issue for further empirical investigation as to whether financial synergy has a significant effect on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. Hence, the study sought to assess the relationship between financial synergy and financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The theories underpinning the study are: synergistic mergers theory and tax incentive hypothesis theory. The target population comprised 13 commercial banks which had undergone mergers and acquisitions in Kenya over the 11-year time scope (2008-2019). Positivism research philosophy and explanatory research design were adopted. The study was a census of the 13 Commercial banks. Panel data was used-the data was obtained from the audited financial statements, and Central Bank of Kenya supervisory reports. The study finds a positive and significant link between financial synergies and financial performance (P = 0.001). In view of the findings, the study recommends that institutions critically evaluate the overall business and operational compatibility of the merging institutions and focus on capturing long-term financial synergies, as this has a positive effect on financial performance. Keyword: Financial Synergy, Financial Performance, Synergistic Mergers Theory, Tax Incentive Hypothesis Theory, Return on Equity and Leverage Ratio.

Effects of the Reorganisation of Cultural Institutions for the Area of Employment Relationships

The article discusses the problem of reorganisation of cultural institutions in the context of employment. The reorganisation of a cultural institution may take the form of a merger or split-up of institutions, and, in extreme cases, complete dissolution of such an entity. These forms of reorganisation are crucial for the employment relations inside the institution. Cultural institutions have legal personality, and they are separate from their founding bodies. Employees of cultural institutions also enjoy a special status: while their employment relations are governed by the provisions of the Labour Code, the specificity of work in cultural institutions is also governed by the provisions of the Act on the Organisation and Pursuit of Cultural Activities.

Exploring the relationship between departmental characteristics and research performance

ABSTRACT Many recent higher education reforms worldwide have been legitimated by their potential impact on the performance of universities and colleges. However, we know less about the actual impact of the changes implemented. This article examines the extent to which research performance can be associated with specific organizational characteristics at the department level. The analysis is based on Norwegian university departments, where high- and low-performing departments have been selected as cases for further investigations. The policy context is the organizational reform in Norway from 2016 onwards aiming at reorganizing the higher education landscape through institutional mergers. The key findings indicate that there are few distinct departmental characteristics associated with research performance, such as elected or appointed leadership, single or multi-campus organization, or departmental size. However, the study reveals that highly productive individuals do matter and suggests that cultural dimensions and working conditions may be interesting factors to pursue in further research.

Creation and stable development of a unified professional development educational environment in the Republican Medical College of the Ministry of Health of the Udmurt Republic

The article presents the experience of creation and stable development of a unified professional development educational environment (hereinafter referred to as PDEE) in the Autonomous Professional Educational Institution of the Udmurt Republic «Republican Medical College named after the Hero of the Soviet Union F. A. Pushina of the Ministry of Health of the Udmurt Republic» (hereinafter referred to as the College) since the reorganization of the educational institutions subordinate to the Ministry of Health of the Udmurt Republic by merging into single educational institution from 05.06.2018. The process of formation and development of the PDEE in the College arose from the need to ensure and implement uniform requirements for the professional training of specialists and proceeded in stages, with specific goals and objectives. Difficulties in solving a number of problematic issues were overcome by the joint efforts of the formed methodological service, including the educational and methodological department and chairpersons of the cyclic methodological commissions. The purpose of the study. Creation and development of a unified professional development educational environment in the College as a way to improve the quality of training of mid-level healthcare professionals. Results. Training of specialists according to the unified curriculum and educational and methodological support of the educational process in compliance with the principles of unity, continuity, and consistency in the content of training, teaching, and monitoring the mastering of educational programs, updating the material and technical base according to modern requirements, and using modern educational technologies and teaching methods contribute to optimization of educational process and improvement of the pedagogical competence of teachers which, based on the results of accreditation, improves the quality of specialists’ training and graduates’ competitiveness. Conclusion. The study is of practical importance for secondary vocational educational organizations that are at the initial stage of consolidation through the merger of several institutions, in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of implementing unity in content, teaching, and monitoring learning outcomes.

Периодизация развития архитектуры банковских учреждений Маньчжурии

The paper describes the developing architecture of banking institutions in Manchuria in the late 19th – first half of the 20th century. The classification of banking institutions based on nationality (foreign, Chinese, Manchukuo banks) and the scale of financial activity of organizations (local, provincial, national Chinese, international) was developed, which affected both the location of objects in the urban structure and stylistic and typological features. The development of banking architecture and the formation of typical spatial solutions for this kind of objects used in the region is addressed in more detail. There are four main stages of development associated with geopolitical changes in the region. The first stage (1898–1913) was the formation of banking institutions in the region, the prevalence of Russian and Japanese organizations, the use of neo-Renaissance motives. The second stage (1913–1924) was the active development of Chinese banking institutions based on tenement buildings in the Chinese-Western style. The third stage (1924–1932) was the acquisitions and mergers of small banking institutions, the formation of typology and stylistics of Japanese banking architecture based on neoclassical approaches and its borrowing in the Chinese architecture of banking institutions. The fourth stage (1932–1942) was the absorption of most Chinese and foreign banks by the state-owned banks of Manchukuo, which continued the development of the typology used in Japanese buildings.

Last Word

WHERE DO WE STAND WITH THE “AFRICANISATION” OF COMMUNICATION STUDIES?As academics and lecturers we are well aware of the demands of transformation. Manyof us have been and are going through the demanding, time-consuming and bureaucraticexercises of SAQAtising our syllabi. In the process, meaningless and unimaginativetemplates tend to dictate the academic activity, leaving little to the creative intellectualmind. We have been and are going through the processes of adapting our syllabi tooutcome-based education and teaching, now to be turned into problem-solving educationand teaching; of turning year courses into semester courses, and probably now convertingthem back to year courses; and of merging institutions and, in so doing, trying to marrydifferent educational philosophies, practices, attitudes and organisational cultures.At Unisa, the above have been and are taxing experiences. Distance education demandsthat every word you utter has to go through a rigorous process of educational planningand design, writing, evaluation by critical readers, re-writting, re-evaluation, andproofreading over and again, before it goes through the processes of production anddespatch. Now, a new phase of transformation has entered: the Africanisation of ourcourses. But what is Africanisation?The purpose of what follows is not to problematise and intellectualise the concept. Thatis done, more than often, in a stream of academic articles and in discussions amongacademics. The discussions usually begin with: “What the hell is Africanisation?” Neitheris the purpose to deconstruct related concepts such as “conceptual engineering”,“cultural revolution”, “power”, “ideology”, “hegemony” and so on. Somewhere in thedebate, they all feature.In the following paragraphs I prefer to quote verbatim, and in a paraphrased way, fromtwo presentations given by two Unisa scholars at a seminar held on 3 March 2005 at Unisaon the topic of Africanisation. They are Prof. T.S. Maluleke, the Deputy Executive Deanof Unisa’s College of Human Sciences, and Prof. A.M.B. Mangu of Unisa’s Department ofConstitutional, International and Indigenous Law. The purpose is not to comment on theirpresentations, but rather to uphold them as possible yardsticks against which to measurethe resistance to, and/or progress or lack of progress in, the Africanisation of SouthAfrican communication studies.

Analyst independence and earnings management

AbstractWe examine whether analyst independence contributes to analysts’ monitoring role in deterring accruals earnings management. We first report a negative association between earnings management and the ratio of independent analysts to brokerage analysts covering a firm. Next, through the lens of the promotion of independent sell‐side research institutions by the 2003 Global Research Analyst Settlement, we document a significant decrease in earnings management on firms affected by the Global Settlement's mandate for time‐limited support to back independent research institutions. Additionally, we find that, as the aforementioned support ended, the extent of monitoring effectiveness reverted to a level indistinguishable from that before the Global Settlement. Finally, using closures and mergers of independent research institutions as a quasi‐natural experiment, we provide corroborating evidence consistent with analyst independence leading to more effective monitoring.

LEGAL SITUATION OF MUSEUM EMPLOYEES IN THE CASE OF MERGING MUSEUMS WITH OTHER CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS

Mergers of cultural institutions, including museums, quite often arouse controversies and emotions, which we learn about from the media. The employees of the merging institutions involved may feel apprehensive about being secured employment from the new employer. A merger of a museum with another museum or with another cultural institution which is not a museum in legal terms is qualified as a transfer of a work establishment to another employer in the understanding of Art. 231 of the Labour Code. The present paper is dedicated to the legal situation of museum employees of the merged museums. Its major part focuses on the rights of employees related to the transfer of a work establishment to another employer, and the paper answers the question whether employees’ interests are sufficiently protected in such a situation. De lege lata analysis of the employees’ situation yields de lege ferenda conclusions, since it seems that the legal protection of the transferred employees could be consolidated.

The Cyclopean Eye: Charity Bazaars, Cinematicity, and Defamiliarized Vision in Ulysses

Abstract: Dublin's themed charity bazaars of the 1890s were a significant influence on Joyce, most obviously as a source of "Araby"'s negative epiphany but more pervasively by showcasing visual science and technology and preparing the ground for cinema. This essay explores some key impacts on Ulysses . "Cyclopia" (1896) was the most scientific and technological. Joyce had a personal stake in its theme given his eyesight problems but also precocious fascination with optics and "cinematicity." "Cyclopia" punned on the objective of producing "one eye hospital" for Dublin through merging institutions. Similarly, the "cyclopean image" denotes binocular vision's merging of images from different eyes into 3-D. "Cyclopia" showcased a giant mechanical model of the eye, amid a spectrum of entertainments defamiliarizing vision, including a giant outdoor magic lantern screen, film projection by "Animatograph," and Ireland's first popular demonstrations of X-rays. "Cyclopia" responded to the mission of Victorian scientists to enlighten the public about vision and its manipulation. Newspaper reports confirm that Dubliners were enthralled by its "Cyclopean Eye"'s camera-like gaze, which also recalled the Odyssey 's one-eyed giant. Similarly, by modernizing Homer's monster in the tropes of Ulysses , Joyce subverted his counterpart's monoptic nationalism by Bloom's more "rounded," stereoscopic vision.

Measuring concentration in the Japanese loan and deposit markets

This study is the first to exhaustively calculate the degree of concentration in regional banking markets using the outstanding amount of loans and deposits at branches and headquarters of financial institutions in Japan. Calculating the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) for loans and deposits for each prefecture and for each urban employment area for the period 2005–2019, we show differences in the HHI across regions and developments in these differences over time. Furthermore, we decompose the level of and changes in the HHI into two components: the contribution of the number of financial institutions and the contribution of the deviation of individual financial institutions’ market share from the mean. We also examine the extent of the increase in the HHI caused by mergers of financial institutions and its persistence. The main results obtained are as follows. First, while the HHIs for loans and deposits show an upward trend, the HHI for loans in large metropolitan areas, which was already low, continued to further decline, indicating that competition among financial institutions in large metropolitan regions, which already was severe, has continued to intensify. Second, increases in the HHI are not only due to reductions in the number of financial institutions but also to the growing variation in financial institutions’ market share. And third, while an increase in the loan HHI due to a merger of financial institutions is sustained for a certain period, the duration of such an increase tends to be shorter in regions with a low market concentration.

University Umbrella Structures: The Slovak Route to Institutional Mergers or Organisational Semblance of Plausible Policy Imitation?

University Umbrella Structures: The Slovak Route to Institutional Mergers or Organisational Semblance of Plausible Policy Imitation?