Institutional Framework For Implementation Research Articles

The Institutional Framework for Implementation of State National Policy of the Russian Federation

The implementation of State National Policy of the Russian Federation, the achievement of the set strategic goals and objectives in the field of inter-ethnic relations necessitates combining the efforts of public authorities at various territorial levels. In general, it can be stated that the institutional framework required to ensure the State National Policy of the Russian Federation has generally been formed to this date. Mechanisms for interaction between public authorities involved in the implementation of national policy are further developed; the formation of the uniform institutional framework in the field of interethnic relations at the federal, regional and municipal levels continues; the practice of interaction between public authorities and civil society institutions expands. Apart from that and despite significant achievements, it has not yet been possible to adequately coordinate the activities of all implementers. There are issues in the use of certain institutional instruments at the regional and municipal levels caused by the insufficient elaboration of the corresponding legal framework

Implementation via rights structures

Implementation of socially desirable alternatives can be thought of as a way to design power distribution in a society such that the equilibrium outcomes coincide with the alternatives chosen at each preference profile. In this paper, we introduce a new institutional framework for implementation, which takes power distribution in a society as its point of departure. We use the notion of a rights structure, introduced by Sertel (2001), to formalize the power distribution in a society. We formulate and characterize implementability via rights structures under different specifications, which require having well-defined convergence dynamics and being consistent with farsighted behavior. We identify how implementation via rights structures is related to implementation via mechanisms. In the presence of at least three agents, we find the class of rights structures, implementability via which is equivalent to Nash and strong Nash implementability. We also introduce a strategic counterpart of implementation via rights structures in terms of deviation-constrained mechanisms.

Agroforestry in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Farmer's Perspective

Agroforestry, broadly defined as the integration of trees and shrubs in farming systems, offers one of the most promising technological options for reversing soil degradation, restoring tree cover, and improving agricultural productivity in Africa. This review identified a number of issues that need to be considered in the design and implementation of agroforestry projects for Africa. Key findings include the importance of understanding the economics of agroforestry systems. Project evaluation should take into account local markets and opportunities for off-farm employment offered by tree products, as well as the opportunity costs perceived by farmers in making adoption decisions. The report also notes that farm households are not homogeneous, and project design should be adapted to the socioeconomic level, age and gender of the people who are expected to adopt the proposed technology. In Africa, trees are integral parts of agro-sylvopastoral farming systems and should be considered in this sociocultural context. The institutional framework for implementation should be selected and developed with a view to long-term sustainability. Recommendations are made for the technical, economic, social and institutional design of products and for the direction of future research.