Institutional Characteristics Research Articles

Relationship between evaluation factors and star ratings for Japanese community healthcare institutions in electronic word-of-mouth reviews: an observational study

BackgroundInternet reviews have become increasingly crucial for both healthcare providers and patients. Electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) reviews on internet sites often comprise textual content with numerical ratings. In this study, we aimed to identify the evaluation factors of community healthcare institutions regarding eWOM reviews and the impact of each evaluation factor on the institution’s ratings.MethodsAn observational study was conducted to qualitatively and quantitatively analyse eWOM data posted on Google for randomly selected healthcare institutions in Hirosaki, Japan from September to October 2022. For qualitative data, the authors repeatedly read the eWOM text, coded it, and categorised related sections. For quantitative analysis, a multivariate analysis using a linear regression model was conducted with the categorised factors from the qualitative analysis as explanatory variables and eWOM ratings as response variables.ResultsTwenty medical institutions (two hospitals and 18 clinics) were randomly extracted from the registry. A total of 147 eWOM texts from each institution were analysed, and coding was performed for 474 segments in the texts. In the qualitative analysis, the evaluated factors in eWOM texts for medical institutions were categorised as communication (evaluation factor for communication with healthcare providers), clinical practice (evaluation factor for the clinical practice of healthcare providers), and medical institution (evaluation factor for the characteristics of medical institutions). According to the multiple regression analysis, the partial regression coefficients for the explanatory variables of positive communication, clinical practice, and medical institution evaluations were 1.04 (95% confidence interval 0.70 to 1.39), 0.65 (95% confidence interval 0.27 to 1.04), and 0.75 (95% confidence interval 0.35 to 1.15), respectively, with the number of ratings as the response variable. Partial regression coefficients for the explanatory variables of negative communication, clinical practice, and medical institution evaluations were − 1.52 (95% confidence interval − 1.88 to -1.16), -0.90 (95% confidence interval − 1.28 to -0.52), and − 0.24 (95% confidence interval − 0.60 to 0.12), respectively.ConclusionWe quantitatively and qualitatively analysed the eWOM reviews and ratings of healthcare institutions posted on Google. Three evaluation factors were identified: communication, clinical practice, and medical institution. Our study revealed that communication significantly impacts ratings.

‘I hope you love it’: poetry, protest and posthumous publishing with and for Palestinian colleagues in Gaza during scholasticide

AbstractAfter 15 years of daily work with colleagues in Gaza on education for peace, multilingual education and life long learning the scholasticide and plausible risk of genocide in the Gaza Strip under Israeli aggression has changed how research and teaching can be undertaken. This short Point and Counterpoint contribution offers the statements and obituaries written by the UNESCO Chair at the University of Glasgow through the first year of the ongoing plausible genocide, under the protections of the language of international instruments, international humanitarian law. It proceeds using poetry and cries and clarifying statements which punctuate the silence which has been the dominating characteristic of the higher education institutions, with some rare exceptions, during a period of extreme violence against scholars, teachers, researchers and students.

Unveiling the effect of non-performing loans on lending behaviour: Evidence from Vietnam’s banking system

This study shows how non-performing loans (NPLs) and other variables specific to banks affect loan growth and the risk-weighted composition of assets in the Vietnamese banking sector. We use a large panel dataset of Vietnamese commercial banks from 2008 to 2022 and different econometric estimators to look at how NPLs, loan loss provisions (LLPs), and bank-specific factors affect how banks lend money. Additionally, we conduct a sensitivity analysis to bolster the robustness of our empirical findings. Our analysis reveals a statistically significant inverse relationship between NPLs/LLPs and loan growth rates, underscoring the critical role of effective credit risk management. Furthermore, institutional characteristics such as bank size, liquidity position, profitability metrics, and tangible asset ratios substantially influence lending patterns and risk exposure. Conversely, macroeconomic and broader institutional factors demonstrate mixed effects, with many exhibiting statistical insignificance. This study addresses a notable gap in the extant literature concerning the determinants of bank lending behaviour in Vietnam, offering nuanced insights into the role of credit risk indicators and bank-specific attributes. Our findings yield substantial implications for regulatory bodies, policymakers, and banking executives in their pursuit of enhancing the stability and operational efficiency of Vietnam's financial system. By elucidating these relationships, our research contributes to the ongoing discourse on banking sector dynamics in emerging economies. It provides an empirical foundation for informed decision-making in financial policy and risk management strategies.

АВТОРСЬКА ІННОВАТИКА В ОСВІТІ РІВНЕНЩИНИ: ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ПРОБЛЕМИ

The article deals with the analysis of the processes of development and changes in Ukrainian education in the context of Ukraine’s formation as a sovereign and independent, democratic, social and legal state. It has been found that in the context of innovative development of education, the problem of development of authorial schools in Ukraine is particularly relevant, due to the need to increase the availability of quality and competitive education in the new socio-cultural conditions of a market economy. It is the authorial school as a phenomenon of innovative educational activity that emerges as the highest form of self-developing practice. It successfully implements the main provisions of competence-based education, stands at the source of a new thought and activity paradigm that will substantiate the logic of variable motivational and semantic development of author's schools in Ukraine, aimed at empowering and self-developing the subjects of the educational process through innovation. The theoretical foundations of the author’s innovation in the education of Rivne region were characterized. The main features of innovative educational institutions of Rivne region were revealed. These include adaptive learning, bilingual education (Nadia Marynovych Adaptive and Developmental Bilingual Specialized School «Centre of Hope»), harmonious personal development (Harmony School of Harmonious Social Personality), gender education (Prestige School of Gender Equality), civic education (School of Civic Deeds in Korets), and a combination of vertical and horizontal models of school management (School of Modern Management Technologies in Volodymyrets). It is proved that despite the fact that each educational institution is unique, has its own traditions and peculiarities, chooses its own model of ensuring the quality of education, they should have in common the purpose, values, and compliance of learning outcomes with the requirements set by the legislation and educational standards.

Social inequality in dropout rates in higher education: Denmark and Norway

ABSTRACT This article examines the association between students’ social class background, their completion of higher education and transfer between research-intensive universities and vocational-oriented university colleges in Denmark and Norway. We analyse comprehensive register data on the entire student population of the two countries and employ the Oslo Register Data Class Scheme (ORDC) that distinguishes class fractions with different compositions of cultural and economic capital. The analyses show that dropout is considerably more widespread in Norway, and that students from the working class drop out more often than their fellow students. Although the general level of social disparities in dropout rates is similar in the two countries, the horizontal differences between class fractions with different compositions of cultural and economic capital are more pronounced in Norway, particularly in university colleges. At the same time, the social differences in transfer rates from universities to university colleges are considerably higher in Denmark, which indicates the importance of institutional characteristics, as the difference in academic orientation between universities and university colleges is considerably greater in Denmark than Norway.

Prospects for the Development of Genealogy in Russia as a Socio-Cultural Institution

Introduction. Based on a generalization of approaches to defining the concept of “sociocultural institution” and highlighting its inherent characteristics, in this article the author attempts to identify the status of genealogical research in Russia, which attracts an interest from an increasing number of people. The main goal and task set by the author is to determine the prospects for the development of genealogical research in Russia and the possibility of transforming its status to the level of a sociocultural institution. Methodology and sources. The author relies on the works of domestic and foreign researchers on the problem of institutionalization in culture (such as M. Weber, Au. Comte, M. Hauriou, E. Durkheim, P. Sorokin, A.A. Radugin, O.A. Radugina, etc.), on the problems of human satisfaction of values (G. Hegel and K. Marx). The author also used articles and abstracts of dissertations on genealogy from 2000 to 2024, materials of social networks and podcasts: “GEN-TOK”, “History of you & GENTECH”, “Living Book” by I. Bivol, electronic journal “Genealogy for the whole family”, etc., video materials of GENTECH festivals. Results and discussion. When considering the main features of a sociocultural institution and drawing a parallel with the level of demand for genealogical research, the author focuses on the diversity of meanings in the content of the activities carried out by participants in this process. Summarizing the functions that genealogical research could perform in the formation of spiritual and moral values of society, the author draw the parallel with the provisions of Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 28, 2024 N 145 “On the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation”. Conclusion. The results of the study allowed us to conclude that genealogical research in Russia is currently more of a sociocultural activity, about which we have heard a lot and know little. It has not become a familiar form, and, therefore, in demand and understandable for the majority of Russian families, but it has every chance of becoming not only a factor in their unity and the formation of historical memory, but also a traditional socio-cultural activity that is the norm in society, and not the exception.

Economic Analysis and Efficiency of Small-Scale Catfish Farms in Delta State, Nigeria

This study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency and profitability of catfish farms in Delta State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study sort to: evaluate the level of efficiency in catfish farms, ascertain the profitability of catfish farms, identify the strategies for enhancing efficiency among catfish farmers and determine the effect of socio-economic and institutional characteristics on the efficiency of cat fish farmers. A multi-stage and proportionate random sampling technique was adopted in the selection of 600 Catfish farmer. Primary data were collected using well-structured questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out on the objectives using the descriptive and inferential statistics of frequency, percentage, mean, budgetary analysis, and multiple regression technique. The result shows that majority 81% of catfish farmers were male with a mean age of 47 years. Most respondents 65% were married with a mean household size of 5 persons. Regarding education, 46.7% had secondary education and their primary sources of credit were cooperatives 41.9%. The mean farming experience was 11 years with 43.3% farming primarily for commercial purposes. The most common production method was tarpaulin 56.7%. The study identified various strategies for enhancing catfish production which include regular feeding, use of commercial feed, good water quality control, personal labor to reduce cost, and regular medication. The multiple regression model indicated that, variables such as the level of farming expertise, the type of labor employed, and educational qualification, stocking density, membership of association, pond size, and household size had significant effects on production efficiency of catfish farms. This result underscored the significance of providing customized training, group networking assistance and access to credit and extension services to enhance the overall efficiency of catfish farms in Delta State.

Cosmopolitan identity, authority, and domestic support of international organizations

AbstractWhat effect does the institutional design of international organizations (IOs) have on their domestic support? In this article, we focus on interactions between citizens’ social identity and institutional characteristics that may have the potential to polarize citizens’ IO attitudes. We argue that citizens’ cosmopolitan identity makes them react in diametrically opposed ways to IO settings on the authority dimension. Transferring more authority to an IO may make citizens with higher levels of cosmopolitan identity more supportive of the IO, while citizens with lower levels of cosmopolitan identity should become even more skeptical. We test our expectations by conducting a factorial survey experiment in six different countries. The empirical results support our argument. As cosmopolitan identity is strongly connected to the newly evolving domestic cleavage regarding international cooperation and global governance, reforms to IO authority settings thus have the potential to further increase the polarization of domestic attitudes toward IOs.

A comparative study of implementation Basel III between commercial and Islamic banks: a bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review

Purpose This study aims to compare up-to-date research on Basel III implementation between commercial and Islamic banks in both developed and developing countries. The research examines the five main variables (capital, liquidity, lending growth, size of banks and performance) used in studies listed in the Scopus database, using bibliometric analysis and a systematic literature review (SLR) as methodologies to map the research landscape and synthesize the results of existing literature on the subject. The findings clarify that most differences in the results of previous studies relate to the impact of Basel III on capital and the size of banks, whether at the country level or based on the type of bank. However, most studies illustrate a positive effect of implementing Basel III regulations on lending growth and liquidity, regardless of the type of bank or the level of the country. Overall, the impact of Basel III on performance shows a positive result for all studies on commercial banks in developed and developing countries, except for one study that found a negative effect. Design/methodology/approach This study used a bibliometric analysis and SLR as a methodology to map the research landscape domain and compare current trends of Implementation Basel III between commercial and Islamic banks in the literature. Findings The finding clarified that most differences in the results of previous studies were regarding the impact of Basel III on capital and the size of banks, whether at the level of the country or the type of bank. However, most studies illustrate a positive effect of implementing Basel III regulations regarding lending growth and liquidity, whether by type of banks or level of the country. Overall, the impact of Basel III on performance shows a positive result for all studies on commercial banks in developed and developing countries, except for one study that found a negative effect. Originality/value By using bibliometric analysis and an SLR, this study uniquely synthesizes existing literature while highlighting notable disparities in outcomes based on bank type and country context. In addition, it emphasizes the need for tailored regulatory frameworks that account for the specific characteristics of different banking institutions, particularly small and medium-sized banks. This nuanced approach not only contributes to the academic discourse but also offers practical insights for policymakers and practitioners, addressing gaps in current research and proposing future directions for investigation.

How do entrepreneurs’ diverse political ties affect firm performance? New insights from Chinese private firms

ABSTRACT Existing studies provide mixed results concerning the impact of political connections on firm performance with both value-foster and value-destructive effects being observed. This paper addresses this ambiguity by conceptually distinguishing three types of entrepreneurs’ political ties – private, official, and business ties – and investigating whether entrepreneurs’ diverse political ties influence the performance of Chinese private firms differently. Using data from 12,735 Chinese private firms, our analysis reveals that official ties positively influence firm performance, whereas private ties have detrimental impacts. Business ties have no significant impact. The mechanisms reveal that firms with official ties benefit from improved access to loans from state-owned banks and land, and they also enjoy protection from unwanted government expropriation. The negative ramifications of private ties arise from their limited capability to secure scarce resources such as bank loans and land, coupled with additional levies. Furthermore, this study suggests that the impacts of these ties are moderated by a host of corporate, industrial, and institutional characteristics. These findings contribute to the literature by unpacking the heterogeneity of political ties, highlighting the need for entrepreneurs to be strategic in establishing diverse business-political relationships.

“Don't push!” experiences of obstetric violence in U.S. hospital settings

Obstetric violence is the institutional and interpersonal violation of women's rights during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. Amid increasing recognition of the prevalence and consequences of obstetric violence, there has been growing attention to its cultural, organizational, and institutional features. In this article, I demonstrate how obstetric violence is a form of epistemic and structural violence that unfolds through interpersonal interactions, the organization of labor in medicalized birth, and institutional features of the hospital and obstetric environment. I draw on thirty in-depth interviews with women who recently gave birth in the Midwest, United States to understand how the authoritative knowledge of medical staff epistemically marginalizes pregnant and birthing women's embodied knowledge and how organizational and institutional features of the medicalized hospital environment facilitate obstetric violence. These findings contribute to our understanding of how less recognized and normalized forms of violence shape women's pregnancy and birthing experience, even for those with a high degree of intersectional privilege. I argue for increased person-centered childbirth guidelines that center embodied experiences and address features of the medicalized obstetric care environment that are not sufficiently evidence-based nor facilitate better outcomes for birthing people.

Features of Credit Institutions Carrying out Activities in the Field of AML/CFT/PWF in the Context of the Application of Sanctions and Counter-Sanctions

The article analyzes the impact of sanctions and counter-sanctions on the procedure and standards of banking services, including on the implementation of credit organizations activities in the field of AML/CFT/PWF. Based on the study of relevant legal acts adopted by authorized Russian bodies and domestic legal doctrine, the author shows that in the current situation of inconsistency between applied models of legal regulation and the established principles of regulation of banking relations, credit organizations are forced to revise their previously successfully tested standards and ethical models of customer service. Therefore, the optimal procedure for the normative consolidation of anti-money laundering procedures in the context of the implementation of counter-sanctions have been determined. The trends in sanction (counter-sanction) compliance and aspects of its interaction with financial monitoring in credit organizations are considered, and a form of formalization of the sanctions (counter-sanction) compliance policy in credit organizations is proposed.

“POLITICALLY MATURE AND EXPERIENCED ONE...”: SOME MODELS OF ROTATION OF THE FIRST SECRETARIES OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY REGIONAL COMMITTEE IN THE 2ND HALF OF THE 1940S TO THE 50S (based on the materials of the Upper Volga regions)

The article analyses the models of rotation of regional leadership in the Upper Volga regions at the end of Stalin’s period and in the beginning of Khrushchev’s one. The focus is on the 3 first secretaries of the Communist Party regional committee in the 1940–50s - Pavel Alfyorov, Vladimir Luk’yanov, Fyodor Titov, who at different times were Party leaders of Vladimir, Ivanovo, and Yaroslavl regions. Attention is paid to quantitative and institutional characteristics associated with personnel rotations of late Stalinism and Khrushchev Thaw. The methodological basis of the study was the principles of historicism and systematicity, the prosopographic method, a combination of analysis of archival documents and sources of personal origin. The theoretical basis of the article is based on the ideas of Yelena Zubkova, Aleksandr Konovalov, Aleksey Fyodorov, Oleg Khlevniuk, Yoram Gorlizki. The source base is represented by documents from the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History, materials from documentary publications and reference publications, and personal sources (memoirs, interviews). The article concludes, that the biographies of the first secretaries of the regional committees of the Upper Volga regions (Pavel Alfyorov, Vladimir Luk’yanov, Fyodor Titov) demonstrate 3 different models of rotation of regional leadership personnel of Stalin and Khrushchev periods, but do not exhaust the diversity of personnel movements in the post-war USSR. It is noted that the first rotation model “From region to region”, inherent in Vladimir Luk’yanov, can be considered typical of the group of successful Stalinist promoters of the late 1930s. It is emphasised that the second model “Region-centre-region”, inherent in Pavel Alfyorov, reflects a move across the regions with a short-term return to the central apparatus of an experienced but not quite successful Party functionary. It is stated that the third model “Second-First-Second”, inherent in Fyodor Titov, was more rare, characterised by alternating the position of first secretary of the regional committee in the regions of the Russian Soviet Republic and second secretary in the republican communist parties of the USSR. The significance for career growth in the 1940-50s is noted considering the positions of second secretary of the regional committee, chairman of the regional executive committee, inspector of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, structures of the central apparatus. As the finishing point in the nomenclature career of Party functionaries of the 1950–60s, the Party Control Committee is indicated. The publication is an invitation to discussion for representatives of the scientific community regarding the typification and classification of regional Party leaders of the Soviet era.

Funding Mechanisms for State Road Maintenance

The deferred maintenance practices for road infrastructure will result in increasing life-cycle costs and deteriorating economic productivity. Governments have addressed the issue by expanding revenue sources, but we don’t know much about the revenue allocation mechanisms. This research reviewed 50 states’ constitutions and statutes to find the similarities and differences in the institutional features of the funding mechanisms for road maintenance. As of 2020, it found that ten states had strict earmarking mechanisms for securing resources for road maintenance; four states had less strict earmarking mechanisms. Furthermore, this research found wide variations in the designs of 50 states’ transportation/highway trust funds and their uses. The research developed the eight propositions to examine the relationship between the funding mechanisms and state highway maintenance spending. Overall, this research contributes to the current literature and policymakers to enhance our understanding of the funding mechanisms of 50 states for road maintenance.

Values in the doctor-patient interaction: understanding and cooperation

Introduction. Cooperation between a medical professional and a patient is the main value in the work of a medical institution rganization and the key to improving the quality of specialists. The purpose of the study. Development and testing of the “secret patient” method, which allows assessing the quality of medical care in accordance with the Moscow clinics’ values from the patient’s point of view; identifying factors influencing patients’ opinions regarding the quality of medical care. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in 2024 at two medical centers in Moscow. The following methods are: focus group, content analysis, “secret patient”, participant observation. Results. The assessment tools include the possibility and convenience of making an appointment with a doctor on the website of a medical institution; features of communication with medical workers; characteristics of the medical institution; information about the medical institution and communications in the medical institution; additional information. All medical care’ elements correlate with the values: patient-centeredness, friendliness, teamwork, trust and mutual respect. Research limitations. The study is limited by the absence of disease in the investigators conducting the participant observation. Conclusion. The developed methodology for receiving feedback from the head of a medical organization from patients corresponds to the core values of Moscow clinics and can be taken into the operational activities of medical organizations. Doctors provide consultations in accordance with the clinic’ values. Mutual respect and trust must be reinforced by the adoption of appropriate values by patients. The main shortcomings present in isolated cases are associated with unequal treatment of patients and incorrect communication by nursing staff.

Understanding Student Beliefs and Choices Related to Cross-Enrollment to Square Practice with Theory

ABSTRACT College students make repeated course enrollment decisions, which are informed by their beliefs and preferences about course and institutional characteristics. Cross-enrollment, an enrollment pattern in which community college students simultaneously take a class at a 4-year college or university while still enrolled in classes at their community college, poses unique considerations. This article examines community college students’ beliefs and preferences related to enrollment on their home campus and at a nearby four-year college. We surveyed 671 transfer-intending students at three California community colleges about their beliefs around the costs and benefits of course-taking at their home community college and a neighboring university. We also conducted a choice-based conjoint experiment to understand how students weigh various factors related to selecting courses at both institutions. We find that community college students’ course enrollment decisions at their home campus are driven by cost and anticipated workload, combined with concerns about academic preparation and access to support. However, concerns about administrative burdens associated with transferring credit between institutions drive students’ decisions about course enrollment at a neighboring university. These findings are important for administrators planning course offerings and policymakers seeking to increase rates of cross-enrollment.

Towards sustainable resource management: Graph modelling insights from Ghana's oil and gas local content ecosystem

A critical aspect of the management of oil and gas resources in Ghana is the effective promotion and development of local content to maximise the participation of local businesses and workforce in the oil and gas industry. This study examined local content drive in Ghana's oil and gas sector, analyzing its functional relations with institutional characteristics, participation, technology transfer, and economic growth via graph modelling framework. A total of 250 key stakeholders were involved in this cross-sectional study. A network analysis revealed the centrality of institutional characteristics in driving local content development, while economic growth was the least integrated domain. Diverse strengths and directionality of connections between domains were observed, which highlight the complexity of areas of influence and potential challenges. Process modelling analysis showed a significant positive direct effect of institutional characteristics on local content drive, emphasizing the critical role of robust and supportive institutions in driving local content initiatives. Conversely, economic growth exhibited a smaller yet significant negative direct effect, indicating a trade-off between economic expansion and local content focus. The broader implications of these findings are discussed, and recommendations are proposed to enhance the effectiveness of local content drive in Ghana's oil and gas sector.

Navigating the housing channel of monetary policy across euro area regions

This paper assesses the role of the housing market in the transmission of monetary policy across euro area regions. By exploiting a novel regional dataset on housing-related variables, a structural panel VAR analysis shows that conventional and unconventional monetary policy shocks propagate effectively to the economy, particularly to the housing sector, albeit in a heterogeneous fashion across regions. A formal econometric analysis relates this heterogeneous impact of monetary policy to housing-related long-run regional economic and institutional characteristics. The analysis indicates a prominent role for the housing channel in the transmission of monetary policy to the economy, via both housing wealth and balance sheet effects. Moreover, heterogeneity in institutional features (share of fixed-rate mortgages) and labour income help explain the transmission of monetary policy across regions.

Prehospital endotracheal intubation for traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and improved neurological outcomes.

Patients with traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (t-OHCA) require on-scene airway management to maintain tissue oxygenation. However, the benefits of prehospital endotracheal intubation remain unclear, particularly regarding neurological outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between prehospital intubation and favourable neurological outcomes in patients with t-OHCA. This retrospective cohort study used a Japanese nationwide trauma registry from 2019 to 2021. It included adult patients diagnosed with traumatic cardiac arrest on emergency medical service arrival. Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores, survival at discharge and presence of signs of life on hospital arrival were compared between patients with prehospital intubation and those with supraglottic airway or manual airway management. Inverse probability weighting with propensity scores was used to adjust for patient, injury, treatment and institutional characteristics, and the effects of intubation on outcomes averaged over baseline covariates were shown as marginal ORs. A total of 1524 patients were included in this study, with 370 undergoing intubation before hospital arrival. Prehospital intubation was associated with favourable neurological outcomes at discharge (GOS≥4 in 5/362 (1.4%) vs 10/1129 (0.9%); marginal OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.12 to 3.53; p=0.021) and higher survival to discharge (25/370 (6.8%) vs 63/1154 (5.5%); marginal OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.90; p=0.012). However, no association with signs of life on hospital arrival was observed (65/341 (19.1%) vs 147/1026 (14.3%); marginal OR 1.09; 95% CI 0.89 to 1.34). Favourable outcomes were observed only in patients who underwent intubation with a severe chest injury (Abbreviated Injury Score ≥3) and with transportation time to hospital >15 min (OR 14.44 and 2.00; 95% CI 1.89 to 110.02 and 1.09 to 3.65, respectively). Prehospital intubation was associated with favourable neurological outcomes among adult patients with t-OHCA who had severe chest injury or transportation time >15 min.

Shaping Career Development Through College Readiness at the High School Level

Career and College Readiness (CCR) generates higher levels of persistence, grit, motivation, and competencies in performing work- or school-related tasks among learners during post-secondary life. One primary limitation defining the present scholarship on CCR is the authentic analysis of the on the ground or field practices high schools perform to increase learners’ CCR competencies. The inadequate research on actual CCR practices in high schools motivated this study. To learn more about how high schools prepare students for post-secondary life, 16 principals from high schools provided detailed narratives on CCR practices in their institutions. Principals completed interviews of one to two hours using Microsoft Teams, supplying the researcher with specific information and examples of how their institutions equip students for future careers and higher education. Manual qualitative thematic analysis of the entire transcript guided the organization and interpretation of the findings, allowing the presentation of meaningful themes supported by a plethora of illustrations. Six themes representing 18 distinct CCR practices emerged, and the themes were rigorous curriculum, content knowledge, key academic behaviors, key cognitive strategies, multiculturalism, and citizenship development. Results partially supported the pervasive CCR model based on Conley’s readiness index. Increasingly, diversity and citizenship learning have defined high schools’ CCR work in preparing learners to become effective local and global citizens. The current investigation paves the way for future observational and field research uncovering whether schools truly prepare students or not, and such preparation varies across community, country, and institutional characteristics.