Under the circumstances where the green credit regulatory system has been implemented and the large-scale application of industrial green microgrids has occurred, the institutional constraints and clean energy technologies jointly reshape the emission reduction choices of high-tech manufacturing enterprises. This study constructs an evolutionary game model involving the government, research and development institutions, and high-tech manufacturing enterprises. Through this model, the stable equilibrium of the system's evolution is sought, and the evolution patterns of key parameters are explored through numerical simulation. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The various input costs of the three parties constitute the threshold for emission reduction costs. The increase in costs significantly hinders green behaviors such as supervision, research and development, and active emission reduction. (2) Market-based benefits serve as the intrinsic driving force for collaborative emission reduction. The increase in technology transfer benefits and the improvement in enterprises' green operation benefits can lead to a spontaneous shift towards a low-carbon economy. (3) The government's policy tools exhibit differentiated effects, and research subsidies facilitate the breakthroughs in green microgrids technology. Excessive rewards can lead to a policy-dependent situation within the enterprise. Appropriate fines can rely on green credit constraints to compel enterprises to comply with emission reduction regulations. This study fills the analytical gap regarding the technical supply side in multi-party collaborative emission reduction. The conclusions provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for improving the collaborative emission reduction system, promoting the green transformation of high-tech manufacturing enterprises, and facilitating regional green and low-carbon development.

ABSTRACT Our paper investigates journalistic risk and crisis communication in a digital environment during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany, focusing on the interplay between news media and public health institutions. It emphasises the journalists’ role as sensemakers for providing accurate and trustworthy information to the public. In an explorative study, we interviewed 30 German journalists to understand their experiences in fulfilling this role and shed light on their processes of sensemaking. The research identified deficits and opportunities for improvement in governmental communication, emphasising the need for enhanced transparency and comprehensibility, coordination, and better access to information. It highlights the need to strengthen journalists’ competencies in handling data and scientific evidence and applying multimodal editing to support sensemaking during crises. The study also contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamic relationship between journalists and governmental institutions. The findings emphasise the value of further research to optimise this interplay, particularly in risk and crisis communication, to strengthen the media's role as key sensemakers.

ABSTRACT Objectives: Latiné populations in the United States face a persistent health and mental health burden, in part driven by stressors associated with social determinants of health. In response, it is critical to develop a nuanced understanding of Latiné communities’ perceptions of government- and community-based social safety-net services, both as distinct and interacting systems, designed to support health and social needs of Latiné adults. Design: We conducted semi-structured interviews with Latiné adults (N = 13) in English and Spanish to explore perceptions of and experiences with government-sponsored and community-based safety-net services, as well as the implications for health and wellbeing. A thematic analysis approach was used to identify emergent themes. Results: Themes highlight shared and unique factors that enable and inhibit access to safety-net services from government- and community-based systems. Awareness of safety-net services and their benefits facilitated access to both systems, but knowledge of rights surrounding eligibility enabled access to government-based services in particular. In contrast, limited awareness of service availability and concerns about quality of services created barriers to access across both community- and government-based services. Unique to government-based services, complex and burdensome application processes, mistrust, and stigma associated with using public assistance were highlighted as barriers. Conclusion: Findings provide critical insights to improve Latiné communities’ access to safety-net systems to support health and wellbeing. Our results highlight the need to: strengthen communication strategies to inform resource awareness and counteract misinformation; rebuild trust between government institutions and communities; reduce stigma and shame surrounding safety-net service utilization; simplify bureaucratic processes for using government safety-nets; and foster connections between community and government systems to enhance access to services that address upstream social determinants of health. These strategies represent steps towards building more accessible safety-net systems to support the health and wellbeing of Latiné communities.

ABSTRACT High-quality entrepreneurship plays a crucial role in technological innovation, industrial upgrading, and economic resilience. Drawing on institutional complementarity theory, this study investigates how government, market, and societal institutions jointly shape entrepreneurial quality under different macroeconomic conditions. Using a panel fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) of 81 countries from 2007 to 2017, the study identifies six institutional configurations that lead to high-quality entrepreneurship. From these, it derives three distinct context-sensitive models of institutional complementarity. These models reflect how institutional domains interact functionally rather than additively, with different configurations prevailing under economic recession, moderate prosperity, and general growth. By integrating economic cycles into the logic of institutional complementarity, this study advances a temporally contingent, configurational understanding of institutional effectiveness. The findings contribute to institutional and entrepreneurship theory and provide actionable insights for policymakers seeking to foster entrepreneurship through adaptive institutional design.

Prisoners have been identified in various international studies as one of the populations most vulnerable to mental health problems, yet the system's response has been notably limited. Enhancing the prison healthcare system to effectively address the challenges involved a complex undertaking compounded by the prevailing constraints and stressors faced by both inmates and prison staff, particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as Cambodia, where research is lacking. This study aimed to examine the perceptions of prison officials and healthcare staff regarding the health system's challenges in addressing prisoners' mental health and well-being and to explore strategies to improve the Cambodian prison healthcare system. Three focus group discussions were conducted in three prisons located in various regions of Cambodia with a total of 15 participants (11 prison health staff and four prison officials). A qualitative content analysis was applied to the collected data. Despite limited resources, the current prison healthcare system managed to provide basic healthcare, refer severe cases, and implement certain preventive measures. However, our study revealed a lack of mental health focus within the system, although certain emotional support was provided by healthcare staff to prisoners with mental health issues. Staff displayed commitment but expressed a sense of resignation due to skills and resource constraints. Participants recommended various strategies, such as increasing awareness and offering vocational training to prisoners and room leaders, intense training for healthcare staff, and enhancing governance and external support to strengthen the prison healthcare system to foster the mental health and well-being of prisoners. Addressing the mental health needs within the prison setting in Cambodia demands an urgent reform of the current prison healthcare system. This entails a comprehensive collaborative effort among governmental institutions, placing emphasis on enhancing the skills and capabilities of inmates, room leaders and prison staff. Moreover, it is also essential to establish stronger partnerships with external organizations to improve health system governance.

IMPACT This study provides practical insights into how internal control systems can improve accountability for per diem management in local governments, particularly in contexts with limited administrative capacity. It is especially relevant for public sector practitioners, including municipal managers, internal auditors, and financial officers responsible for overseeing public expenditure. The findings demonstrate that strengthening key components of internal control, such as risk assessment, monitoring, and communication processes, can significantly enhance transparency and compliance in administrative procedures. By identifying specific control mechanisms that influence accountability, the study offers actionable recommendations that can be implemented in local government institutions to reduce inefficiencies and mitigate risks of financial mismanagement. Ultimately, this research contributes to improving governance practices by promoting more transparent, efficient, and responsible management of public resources in decentralized administrative systems.

Past years have seen increasing global geopolitical tension, prompting debates in economic geography on ongoing processes of de-globalization, and questions on changing geopolitical and geoeconomic strategies. Within this context and as part of renewed considerations of sovereignty, governments have identified science and higher education as an important field for international relations. While universities have long been shown to be permeated by geopolitical dynamics and international power structures, they now become increasingly active as geopolitical instruments and actors. One particular transnational form of higher education is the development of offshore campuses (or OCs) by universities, which some governments seek to attract. In this article, we conceptualize offshore campus development as a geopolitical strategy under the knowledge-based economy, unfolding across three dimensions: global reputational hierarchies and power asymmetries, global competitiveness and positionality, and territorial logics of power and security. Based on an analysis of qualitative interviews with offshore campus executive managers, as well as with senior administrators from government institutions in the Arab Gulf region and Southeast Asia, we show how governments’ strategies to attract offshore campuses weave transnational higher education into geopolitical considerations that are informed by rationales of the knowledge-based economy. Our analysis shows not only that the lens of geopolitics can help to better understand the logics of offshore campus development but that these campuses also get mobilized in geopolitical strategies of governments directly. As a geopolitical strategy, offshore campuses blend economic and political objectives, fuse coercive and consensual foreign policy strategies, and reterritorialize flows involving state and nonstate actors.

The escalating cyber threats in the digital era, particularly within government institutions, underscore the urgent need to enhance compliance with cybersecurity policies (CCP). This study investigates how Coping Appraisal (CA) and Threat Appraisal (TA) shape CCP and Protection Motivation Intention (PMI) among Bangladeshi government employees, with Technology Anxiety (TEA) as a moderating factor. Grounded in Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), Technology Threat Avoidance Theory (TTAT), and General Deterrence Theory (GDT), the research adopts a quantitative approach, surveying 500 government employees across various hierarchical levels. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the study finds that CA significantly influences PMI and CCP, while TA exerts a stronger effect on CCP. TEA plays a dual moderating role, amplifying TA’s impact while dampening CA’s influence. The findings highlight the interplay of psychological, organizational, and technological factors in driving CCP. Practical recommendations include tailored training programs, tools to reduce technology anxiety, and culturally adapted policies to foster sustainable cybersecurity compliance. This research provides actionable insights for building resilient public-sector cybersecurity frameworks in resource-constrained, hierarchical contexts.

Purpose This study proposes a conceptual framework for strategic sourcing tailored to Project Management Offices (PMOs) operating in complex Research, Development and Innovation (R&D&I) environments, examining how R&D&I PMOs orchestrate sourcing by identifying key elements and practices that define this strategic role. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a qualitative approach grounded in a three-year ethnographic immersion within a military scientific, technological and innovation institution. Data collection involved participant observation, document analysis and informal interviews, enabling an in-depth examination of sourcing dynamics. Findings The resulting framework integrates three interdependent pillars: five foundational sourcing dimensions; a strategic make-or-buy decision matrix; and management categories aligned with R&D&I operations. The findings show that PMOs coordinate strategic sourcing by integrating internal and external capabilities, thereby enhancing organizational responsiveness in complex innovation ecosystems. Research limitations/implications While the single-case ethnographic study focuses on the aerospace and defense sector, the framework distinguishes between general conceptual pillars and context-specific applications, supporting its conceptual transferability to other highly regulated sectors such as healthcare and pharmaceuticals. The study provides actionable guidance for managing technological uncertainty and power dynamics, while addressing economic, political and teaching implications. Practical implications The proposed framework offers PMO managers a strategic sourcing model suited to complex environments such as the defense sector. It strengthens decision-making by making make-or-buy tradeoffs explicit, documented and comparable across technology acquisition, capability development, outsourcing boundaries and interinstitutional partnerships under confidentiality and intellectual property constraints. The model addresses recurring problems in R&D&I settings, including fragmented criteria, inconsistent rationales and limited traceability, enhancing transparency, governance and alignment with organizational goals. It positions the PMO as a strategic actor in acquisition and technological alliance decisions, offering guidance for institutional adaptation, particularly relevant for public organizations facing budgetary and regulatory constraints. Social implications The societal implications of this study stem from the role of the R&D&I PMO as a catalyst for technological sovereignty and national development. By structuring strategic sourcing in highly complex environments, the proposed model strengthens the national technological and industrial base, reduces dependence on external critical technologies and enhances innovation capacity. The findings show that dual-use R&D projects generate positive spillovers for industry and academia, fostering regional development and national competitiveness. By coordinating government, industry and research institutions through the Triple Helix, the PMO helps ensure that R&D&I investments translate into tangible socioeconomic benefits for society. Originality/value This research addresses the underexplored intersection of strategic sourcing, project management and innovation governance. It goes beyond theoretical abstraction by providing a model for navigating technological uncertainty. It explores how emerging digital technologies (such as Artificial Intelligence and blockchain) can refine decision-making and support the automation of Intellectual Property safeguards.

IntroductionIndiscriminate use of antibiotics has led to antibiotic resistance, a global health threat. In low- and middle-income countries like Bangladesh, the situation is particularly dire. Nursing students are a concerned population as they have their respective part to play in antibiotic resistance. There is a lack of understanding about their knowledge, attitude and practice regarding antibiotic usage and resistance among this demographic.MethodologyA cross-sectional study design was employed and third- and fourth-year nursing students were recruited for the study from both government and non-government institutions in Bangladesh. Data were collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analyses was performed using Stata version 16.ResultsAmong 664 participants, 83.58% of the students demonstrated good attitudes (>80%) and practices (>80%) towards antibiotic resistance, while 57.9% exhibited good knowledge. Older students had higher odds of good knowledge (aOR = 1.29) and practice (aOR = 1.84). Female gender (aOR = 2.00), private-institution enrollment (knowledge aOR = 1.57; attitude aOR = 3.44; practice aOR = 2.25), and Bachelor of Science enrollment (knowledge aOR = 2.13; attitude aOR = 3.38; practice aOR = 2.44) were associated with higher odds of good KAP. In contrast, fourth-year students showed lower odds of good attitude (aOR = 0.09) and practice (aOR = 0.45). Knowledge was weakly but significantly correlated with both attitude (r = 0.18, p < 0.001) and practice (r = 0.09, p = 0.041).ConclusionNursing students in Bangladesh show promising attitudes and practices towards antibiotic resistance. Efforts to enhance education on antibiotic resistance are necessary in guiding these future healthcare providers to combat this emerging threat effectively.

Fluoride is a cornerstone of caries prevention, yet public trust in fluoride has become increasingly contested, particularly on social media platforms where health misinformation and political narratives intersect. Understanding how fluoride is discussed online may inform strategies to improve communication and public confidence in oral health interventions. The authors analyzed publicly available posts from X (formerly Twitter) (X Corp) during the 2024 US presidential election that referenced fluoride and related topics. Natural language processing techniques were used to classify post sentiment and emotional tone and to identify dominant discussion themes. Comparisons were made between fluoride-related posts and general posts by the same users to assess differences in sentiment distribution and emotional expression. Fluoride-related discourse was considerably more negative than general discourse on the platform. Negative sentiment toward fluoride was frequently associated with distrust in government and public health institutions, political polarization, and perceived health risks. Positive discourse emphasized caries prevention, dental products, and evidence-based public health benefits. Users expressing negative sentiments toward fluoride were also more likely to express negative sentiments in non-fluoride-related posts. Online discussions about fluoride during a politically charged period reflected broader sociopolitical beliefs and emotional responses rather than isolated concerns about dental science. Dental care professionals should recognize that patient concerns about fluoride may stem from emotionally driven narratives encountered online. Communication strategies that acknowledge concerns while clearly explaining the safety and benefits of fluoride may support effective patient counseling and public engagement.

The role of paradiplomacy for cultural heritage preservation: The cosmological axis of yogyakarta

Multiple pathways of institutional environment driving the reduction of veterinary antibiotic overuse: Evidence from dairy farmers in Heilongjiang Province, China.

ABSTRACT Rural women living in forest-margin regions play vital roles in household welfare, natural resource management, and local economies, yet they remain among the most structurally disadvantaged groups in rural development systems. This study develops an empirically grounded model of employment-oriented empowerment tailored to the socio-ecological and cultural conditions of forest-margin communities in Malekshahi County, western Iran. Using a qualitative case study informed by Grounded Theory methodology, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 27 expert stakeholders from academia, government, and development institutions. Systematic coding generated 163 open codes, 25 axial categories, and three integrated analytical domains: enabling conditions, strategic interventions, and empowerment outcomes. Findings conceptualize empowerment as a dynamic, multi-level process shaped by the interaction of forest-based livelihood opportunities, individual psychological and vocational capacities, and institutional support structures. Environmental shocks and gendered cultural norms act as cross-cutting moderators influencing both the trajectory and sustainability of empowerment. Durable outcomes emerge when market-oriented skill development, value-chain integration, financial access, and gender-responsive institutional support align. The model advances employment-based empowerment theory by integrating ecological constraints and cultural mediation into livelihood frameworks, while offering a practical roadmap for designing adaptive, place-based interventions in forest-dependent rural regions.

In this article we emphasise the importance of enhancing not only the number but also the quality of science centres equipped with multi-dimensional educational units worldwide. Significant steps have been taken by governmental institutions to increase the number of centres that meet global standards in terms of space and equipment. The purpose of the study reported on here was to determine the spatial needs and how these spaces should be designed, especially considering that the primary users of science centres are children. Within this scope, the behaviour of students in and their use of interactive and mechanical exhibition areas during their visits to the science centre were analysed using the evaluation method. Behavioural maps were created by observing students in the exhibition areas, and interviews were conducted with 15 students, 4 teachers, 4 guide teachers, and administrators. We found that while students found science centres engaging, they did not prefer the Sultans of Science exhibition area due to its design, resulting in the space not being used efficiently while the students even reported boredom. Nevertheless, students’ overall interest in science centres remained unchanged. With this study we aimed to provide valuable insight for designers, educators, and relevant institutions. The aim was to offer expertise, guidance, and recommendations for the establishment and long-term operation of science centres.

The participation of civil servants, or State Civil Apparatus (ASN), in professional zakat is a strategic factor in optimizing zakat management through official state institutions, particularly BAZNAS (BAZIS) of DKI Jakarta Province. However, ASN participation in professional zakat, especially in West Jakarta Administrative City, remains low and is constrained by several institutional and socio-religious challenges. This study aims to analyze the influence of zakat education, religious awareness, and program socialization on ASN muzakki participation within the West Jakarta Administrative City Government. The study employed a mixed-methods approach with an explanatory sequential design, involving 377 respondents and in-depth interviews with three informants consisting of socialization and education program organizers and ASN who serve as muzakki. The findings indicate that zakat education, religious awareness, and program socialization simultaneously exert a significant influence on ASN professional zakat participation, with a collective effect of 66.3%. Among the three variables, program socialization provides the strongest contribution, followed by zakat education and religious awareness. The study concludes that systematic zakat education, the strengthening of religious values, and relevant socialization programs involving key figures are effective strategies for increasing ASN participation in professional zakat. These findings contribute to the development of evidence-based zakat collection policies and provide practical implications for BAZNAS (BAZIS) of DKI Jakarta Province in designing more responsive programs aligned with the socio-religious context of ASN in local government institutions.

ABSTRACT Background The clinical experience for nursing students tends to be a highly stressful process involving a shift from theory to practice within the public health care sector. Although the need for immersion in the clinical setting cannot be underestimated, there is evidence of a dearth of qualitative studies on the phenomenon among students at government institutions. Aims and Objectives This study aims to examine the lived experiences and clinical challenges of nursing students, while exploring how environmental influences within an extended campus impact the development of their professional resilience. Materials and Methods A qualitative narrative methodology was employed to capture the depth and details of the students’ personal stories, providing a holistic understanding of their transition into practice. The study was conducted at the UMPS-SHS Extension Campus in Baler, Aurora using a census method that included all 18 enrolled nursing students. Results Three important themes were identified: (1) Navigating the Gap Between Theory and Practice: The disconnect between academic knowledge and real-world clinical demands. (2) The clinical dilemmas: Pervasive anxiety regarding performance and the fear of medical errors. (3) The Relational Odyssey: Developmental shift from task-oriented care to building meaningful patient relationships. Conclusion and Recommendations Clinical training at governmental universities serves as a critical period for professional identity formation through emotional and practical challenges. It is recommended that nursing curricula shift focus from administrative tasks toward patient-centered interaction and self-reflection, supported by pre-clinical simulations and orientations.

The full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022 created unprecedented pressures on the national immunization supply chain (ISC). Despite large-scale energy disruptions, population displacement, and insecurity, vaccine availability and storage conditions were largely maintained. This study aimed to examine how Ukraine's ISC has adapted to war-related disruptions and to identify key enablers, barriers, and priorities for strengthening its resilience. A mixed-methods approach combined 15 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders from national, oblast, and facility levels, a review of literature, regulatory documents, and programme data. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and interpreted using the Blanchet et al. health system resilience framework. Analysis found that the digitalization of the vaccine stock management system and the wide availability of training strengthened the knowledge capacity of the ISC. Large-scale investments by international partners in WHO-prequalified cold chain equipment during the COVID-19, complemented by the deployment of backup power solutions, significantly improved the system's ability to manage uncertainty related to electricity outages. The centralization of ISC function enhanced governance and coordination, contributing to legitimacy capacity. Strong collaboration across government institutions and with international partners also helped sustain ISC in the face of the war disruptions, demonstrating the importance of interdependence capacity. However, several barriers persist, including gaps in population data for forecasting vaccine needs and coverage monitoring, unequal distribution of new cold chain equipment, and continued reliance on donor support. Despite repeated attacks, Ukraine's ISC has continued to function. The findings highlight key enablers of resilience and remaining bottlenecks and provide actionable recommendations. Ukraine's experience offers transferable lessons for strengthening ISC resilience in other conflict settings.

Crisis management is a modern branch of management. It includes many activities, most notably dealing with potential crises and addressing them with the fewest possible losses. Management information systems are considered among the most important information systems because as they provide government institutions with the information needed to perform their functions using information technology to transfer, transform, and retrieve data and to display information that supports work systems. Management information systems also seek to provide institutions with prepared reports. These systems consist of a set of linked resources that operate effectively, represented by hardware, software, human resources, data, and communication networks, to maintain the institution&amp;rsquo;s performance. They also monitor the constantly changing environment so that administrators can deal with the crises that affect them. They also identify the indicators of the causes of the crisis and provide sufficient, accurate, and reliable administrative information, prepared in a planned manner based on the information available to institutions and departments affected by the crisis in light of the coronavirus pandemic. The research demonstrates the role played by management information systems in government institutions in the United Arab Emirates in managing crises across three stages (before, during, and after the crisis) in light of the pandemic.

BackgroundDespite the growing recognition of Community-Oriented Health Professions Education (COHPE) as an essential framework for developing socially accountable healthcare practitioners, there remains a critical knowledge gap regarding faculty members’ perceptions of COHPE across different health professions disciplines and institutional contexts.AimThis study investigates faculty perceptions of COHPE implementation across multiple disciplines and institutions in Egypt.MethodsA concurrent mixed-methods design was used, involving 454 faculty members from governmental and non-governmental health professions institutions. Quantitative data were collected via validated surveys and analysed using descriptive statistics and agreement indices. Qualitative data from focus group discussions underwent thematic analysis. Integration of both datasets followed a convergent design to identify patterns and contradictions in implementation experiences.ResultsOverall, COHPE implementation was rated as neutral (mean agreement index: 2.8/5), suggesting uncertainty rather than an endorsement issue. Four domains reflected moderate implementation: relevance to community needs, priority health problems, cultural sensitivity, and health systems integration. Domains such as community empowerment, involvement, and partnership development received the lowest scores. Ten overarching themes were identified, with logistical constraints, curriculum rigidity, and faculty development gaps being the most recurrent. Faculty experience did not correlate with stronger COHPE implementation, revealing a paradox in traditional education models.ConclusionFindings highlight a widespread conceptual awareness of COHPE principles, but persistent structural and cultural barriers limit their full integration. The convergence of quantitative neutrality and qualitative concern indicates systemic rather than isolated challenges. Strategic reforms targeting curriculum design, faculty training, and stakeholder engagement are essential to transition COHPE from idealistic talk to embedded practice.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12909-026-09430-1.