Institutions Of Social Control Research Articles

Trust in Legal Institutions: An Examination of the Philippines

AbstractWhile studies have examined the correlates of institutional trust across Asian countries, few studies have analyzed public attitudes toward two major social control institutions, the police and courts, in the Philippines. This study fills this gap in the literature by exploring the connections between social trust, institutional performance, media exposure and consumption, and trust in the police and courts. Using recent survey data from the Asian Barometer Survey, regression models were employed to assess and compare whether these factors are predictive of police and court trustworthiness. Results reveal the importance of social trust and institutional performance in predicting Filipinos’ trust in the police and courts. However, media exposure and consumption were largely ineffective in predicting police and court trust. Given the Philippines’ unique historical and political context, these findings contribute to existing literature and provide implications for future research and policy.

Exploring Local Political Opportunity Structures: Protest and Social Control in Russia’s Provinces

Abstract Why does the scale and intensity of protest vary so widely across Russian cities? This article answers this question by disaggregating political opportunity structures to consider the interaction between formal and informal political factors through a paired comparison of two similar Russian cities during the turbulent 1990s. Drawing on archival documents, interviews, and an analysis of local media, I argue that the observed variation depends on elite strategies for social control and local governmental institutions. Specifically, when a city’s institutions and political elite strategy match, either with undemocratic institutions and a closed political elite strategy, or with democratic institutions and an open political elite strategy, protests are likely to be small and insignificant. In contrast, when the institutional architecture and political elite strategies mismatch, protests are more likely to be large and intense because there is an opening for protest, but not institutionalized paths for participation.

The Road to Desistance: The Relationship between Formal Institutions of Social Control, Informal Social Bonds, and Intermittency in Offending

ABSTRACT The current study examines the relationship between formal social control, informal social bonds, and intermittency in offending. Using data from a Canadian population who have been formally flagged as representing a disproportionate risk to public safety because of their frequent and serious offending over the life course, (N = 376), we use multiple-failure survival analysis to examine whether formal social control (probation supervision) and informal social bonds (to employment, family, and other prosocial community supports) are related to intermittency in offending. We also investigate whether social bonds moderate the relationship between probation and intermittency. Findings indicate that probation, employment and romantic relationships reduce the hazard of reoffending. Longer periods of probation were related to a lower hazard of reoffending for those who have been employed for longer than six months. While probation length has an effect on intermittency, the mere presence of social bonds reduces the hazard of reconviction. Given the importance of prosocial relationships outside of formal systems of control, we argue for policies that are non-punitive, particularly since lengthy periods of probation can also extend system involvement, which can stall the desistance process.

:Trapped in a Maze: How Social Control Institutions Drive Family Poverty and Inequality

:<i>Trapped in a Maze: How Social Control Institutions Drive Family Poverty and Inequality</i>

The role of official social control institutions in preventing crime and delinquency A case study of some security and police stations in Khartoum State

The current study aims to identify the role of the official social control institutions represented in the security and police centers in the prevention of crime and delinquency in the state of Khartoum. (500) individuals from the study population, the data were processed by the statistical package in the social sciences (SPSS). The study reached results, the most important of which are: that the security and police stations, despite the difficulties they face, play a major role in combating crime and delinquency in the state of Khartoum. Crime and delinquency are social phenomena that are not devoid of any human society, regardless of its degree of development and the level of social control in it. The study recommended the need to work to achieve compliance with the standards and values of the social group in order for its members to feel one collective feeling that brings them together.

Informal social control and the endorsement of police legitimacy: A confirmatory factor analysis

High-profile shootings by police officers and the mass protests that followed have highlighted the necessity of social work scholars to address new perspectives in community safety. Collective efficacy is a theoretical framework that explores how individual-level interactions impact community-level outcomes. Despite evidence that indicates collective efficacy is an effective mediator to community-level crime and violence, criticisms of the model question the influence of informal social control and whether or not it represents policing in another form. This paper seeks to understand the relationship between informal social control and police legitimacy to understand how residents’ inclination to intervene reflects a replication of the worst aspects of formal institutions of social control. I performed a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) across 15 endogenous variables and two latent exogenous variables to create two pathways that assessed the relationship between informal social control and police legitimacy. Results from the CFA pathways indicate that increased levels of informal social control among neighborhood residents was related to decreased levels of police legitimacy. Implications of these findings for abolitionist social work scholars are discussed along with the study’s limitations and future directions for research.

Трансформация социальной роли женщины, семьи и брака в многонациональной России 1920-х годов

The paper is devoted to the evolution of the role of a woman in society, family and marriage institutions in Russia after the revolutionary events of 1917. In the 1920s, the development of matrimonial relations had a liberal orientation and was held under the conditional motto “less state”. The issues of legitimization of an actual (civil) marriage, which had the same status as a marriage registered in the state bodies in the RSFSR of 1927-1944, are considered. The social status of rural women and the matrimonial behavior of the peasant population are analyzed. It is emphasized that rural women were less influenced by revolutionary ideas about free forms of relations between men and women and the new sexual morality. The village with its institutions of social (public) control preserved the traditional way of life of rural residents and entrenched reproduction types of population in the 1920s, in conditions of mitigation of exogenous factors.

Legacies of Resistance and Resilience: Antebellum Free African Americans and Contemporary Minority Social Control in the Northeast

Abstract To understand the persistence of racial disparities in the United States, inequality scholars have increasingly focused attention on historic regimes of violence and social control. In particular, a burgeoning literature examines the legacy of slavery, generally finding that where slavery was deeply entrenched, today racial inequalities and African-American deprivation are more acute. However, taking seriously the notion that history matters means considering not only the lingering effects of dehumanizing social control institutions like slavery but also the ramifications of antebellum institutions and cultures of resistance and resilience African Americans built for survival. Using quantitative methods, I examine the relationship between antebellum free African-American populations and racial inequalities in modern state-sanctioned social control. Focusing on the understudied Northeast, a region where free African-American communities flourished despite coexisting with slavery, I find that where free African Americans were more prevalent—and, thus, resistance to White’s social control efforts and resilience in the face of White hostility more robust—those same areas today display reduced levels of racial inequality in social control (i.e., lower Black–White arrest rate disparities) and reduced absolute levels of minority social control (i.e., lower African-American arrest rates). Mediation analyses reveal contemporary civil rights infrastructure, Black congregations, and Black political power operate as structural safeguards and are important components of the legacies of resistance and resilience left by free African Americans.

Farmers’ suicides as an indicator of the agrarian transformation in rural India

The article is a review of the book by the Associate Professor of the Center for Political Studies of the Institute of Social Sciences of the Jawaharlal Nehru University (Delhi, India) Sudhir Kumar Sutar Dilapidation of the Rural: Development, Politics and Farmer Suicides in India (Palgrave Macmillan, 2022). The book considers the problems which the Indian peasants face under the state-driven transition from traditional rural community to agrarian capitalism. The book combines philosophical, sociological and political analysis of the causes and factors of the high number of suicides among medium-sized and small Indian farmers in recent decades. Suicides are the most striking manifestation of the social consequences of the capitalist development in the traditional communal peasant village. Among other consequences, the author considers rural social differentiation, growth of individualism and disunity, destruction of community institutions of support and social control, political protests up to riots, alcoholism, drug addiction, and rising crime rate. Thus, the inevitable economic reforms require compensatory measures of social policy.

SOCIAL CONTENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITY

Liability in law is a multifaceted category that is used by various industries and is of great importance to law enforcement. Interest in this category is due to the importance of legal responsibility for the proper functioning of law and ensuring effective law and order. At present, the institution of responsibility as a social phenomenon needs deep understanding, legal interpretation and regulatory improvement. Social responsibility is considered as a reflection of the objectively existing need to regulate the actions of all individuals in the course of their activities. Legal responsibility in all the richness of its specificity of a socially working construction has not lost the general qualities of the institution of social control, moreover, the action of its mechanism does not go beyond the regularities of the social mechanism of responsibility as a whole.

Techno-Bureaucratic Race-Making: Latino (Mis)Representation in Criminology and Criminal Justice Knowledge Claims

We ask: (1) how are Latino-identifying and Latino-identified persons (mis)represented in criminal and immigration systems data? and (2) how do institutions of formal social control, through their measurement systems, contribute to skewed understandings of racial-ethnic disparities in criminological research? We anchor this analysis in Omi and Winant’s racial formation theory to understand how variously situated Latinos are made both visible and invisible in the criminal and immigration systems. We use the term techno-bureaucratic race-making to reflect how bureaucratic institutions and processes contribute to the racialization and criminalization of Latinos in the United States. We argue that techno-bureaucratic nomenclature and data generating processes condition the capacity to identify the existence, scale, and scope of racial-ethnic inequities attributable to the carceral state.

PENGARUH PEMEKARAN DAERAH TERHADAP DINAMIKA SOSIAL MASYARAKAT KOTA METRO TAHUN 2000-2019

The research objective is to describe the effect of regional expansion on the social dynamics of the Metro City Society in 2000-2019. This research method is qualitative research, data and data sources obtained from books, government figures as sources, documentation, and other sources. The results of this study are: At the beginning of Metro City became a new autonomous region there has been a change in the Social Dynamics of the Community Like social control, there are two social controls namely Formal social control (school) non formal (religious institutions) and of course the role of social control institutions at the time it is experiencing problems because Metro City is still in a transitional stage or the development stage is a City. but over time the City of Metro is able to become more advanced in terms of formal and informal social control. Not only that, the Social Mobility of the City of Metro, such as work, has experienced a change, which in the beginning was the agricultural sector which became the main livelihood of the people of Metro City. switch to the service and trade sectors.

Enduring Consequences of Dehumanizing Institutions: Slavery and Contemporary Minority Social Control in the U.S. Northeast and South

Abstract Scholarship on slavery's legacy and enduring consequences has largely been limited to the South under the assumption that this region continues to be more deeply affected by slavery than other regions, notably the Northeast. Also overlooked is the extent to which slavery's consequences generalize beyond Black disadvantage, harming other racialized ethnic minority groups such as Latinos. Scholarship has paid little attention to the role of the state's institutions of social control—notably, law enforcement—in transmitting slavery’s legacy after its formal abolishment. I address these issues using quantitative techniques assessing the relationship between prior slave dependence and contemporary policing practices in U.S. Southern and Northeastern counties. I argue that as a result of slavery's influence on local legal apparatuses and institutions of social control—in areas in the South and Northeast where slave dependence was greater—law enforcement today is less likely to protect minorities, resulting in higher rates of hate crime underreporting by police. Findings reveal slavery’s nefarious consequences disadvantage Black populations but also spillover to Latinos, particularly in the South. In both regions, contemporary Black population concentration mediates slavery’s relationship with the rate of police underreporting of anti-Black crimes.

Trapped in a Maze: How Social Control Institutions Drive Family Poverty and Inequality

Trapped in a Maze: How Social Control Institutions Drive Family Poverty and Inequality

Building a Virtual Community: Confession Magazines in French Canada

ABSTRACT This article considers confessional magazines as “virtual communities.” Published from 1943 to 1957, Histoires vraies was a low-brow magazine that replicated True Story's success in French Canada. Like Bernarr Macfadden's True Story, Histoires vraies was entirely or mostly composed of short sentimental stories generated by its readers. Overall, our article sheds light on how, in 1950s Quebec, a virtual community was created to help readers cope with profound social change, offering both a space of liberty and empowerment and an institution of social control.

The role of civil society institutions in ensuring social control over political processes

The purpose of the article is to investigate the importance and roles of civil society institutions in exercising social control over policy formulation and implementation processes, even in conditions of pandemic contingency. The study has used the methods of comparative analysis, temporal analysis, case study method, statistical data analysis and secondary research of the results of sociological studies. It has been established that civil society institutions play the role of efficient institutions of social control. They are able to mutually strengthen the intentions of the State to ensure the public interest, establish the collaboration of citizens and the cohesion of public efforts. In Ukraine, so far, civil society is at a stage of development and, along with the quantitative characteristics, does not have the appropriate qualitative characteristics. Social control is not authoritarian in nature, nor is it mandatory; it is carried out on behalf of its actors: civil society and citizens.

Critical Criminology and Race: Re‐examining the Whiteness of US Criminological Thought

AbstractRace and racism are defining features of criminal justice systems in the United States. Race is also a defining feature of criminological theory. There have been robust efforts to address racism within theories and institutional practices pertaining to crime, law, and institutions of formal social control, but whiteness remains at the core of criminological knowledge production. The current article provides empirical support for showing how whiteness conditions the academic discourses of criminology and criminal justice (CCJ) in the United States. CCJ research plays an important role in discussions of racial justice and public policy. By studying the racialised (that is, white) nature of the CCJ research industry, we can better understand where critical criminology ‘fits’ in the broader struggle for social, racial and epistemological justice.

Disciplining Student Activism: Secondary Schools as Sites of Resistance and Control in Hong Kong*

Throughout history, student activism has been a powerful force in promoting social and political changes. During the process, schools—serving in part as an institution of social control—often become a site of contestation, where student activists may clash with the school authorities when mobilizing their peers and fighting for protest goals. Focusing on Hong Kong’s Anti‐Extradition Bill Movement, which saw extensive participation among secondary school students, this article examines how secondary schools in a non‐democratic context dealt with campus protests and how student activists negotiated space for dissent. Based on an on‐site survey on student protesters and semi‐structured interviews with teachers and student activists, we demonstrate how schools attempted to de‐politicize the campus through spontaneously expanding their “hidden curriculum,” particularly by creating and repurposing school rules in the face of mounting student activism. In turn, progressive teachers and students developed innovative tactics to negotiate or circumvent these ad hoc school rules. Our findings contribute to the field of sociology of education and contentious politics by exploring the politics of school rules and the complex relationship between schools, teachers, and students during social movements.

The racialized patterns of police violence: The critical importance of research as praxis

AbstractThe tragic killing of George Floyd at the hands of the police resulted in hundreds of thousands of protestors marching in the streets demanding change. The call for change criticized the killing of Blacks by law enforcement and challenged White supremacy as an institution of social control and racial violence. A key component of the marches and protests was a message to the residents of the United States: “Black Lives Matter.” As society grapples with a reckoning, researchers studying police violence for the past 6 decades have been empirically and theoretically debating the reasons why use of force by law enforcement continues to have a higher proportion of Black and Brown victims compared to Whites. Although the research on fatal police killings was studied by only a small number of individuals prior to 2014, after the killing of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri the research in different areas of the country increased rapidly as did the forms of analysis and research disciplines making their own contributions. TheWashington PostandGuardiannews agencies established that deaths at the hands of the police were occurring for at least 900 to 1100 individual deaths per year for which firearms resulted in the greatest cause of death. As US government agencies failed to produce a national data source on police involved killings, the media took a leading role in providing greater national understanding. The authors examine what role academic researchers contribute to the discussion for solutions, particularly those from marginalized backgrounds. As protestors march, lawyers sue and defend, and politicians create new forms of legislation, researchers need to play a more important role initiating critical studies, making sense of the data, and providing a theoretical framework for which police violence can be understood. This article will provide an overview of the literature on racialized police violence, point out key patterns involving racial and ethnic disparities, and emphasize how researchers can play a more important role in advocating for change.

Geophysical Factors as Crime Determinants

The problems of ensuring the safety of people during natural disasters and of mitigating their consequences have long been discussed at the highest levels. The currently adopted approach determines that the key task of every state is to develop a general strategy of predicting natural disasters, to organize cooperation on ensuring the safety of people and reducing material damage, and to reduce the dangerous anthropogenic impact on the environment as a cause of catastrophes. An important segment in the development of such programs is criminological research of crimes in the conditions of natural disasters. This article analyzes key concepts of the impact that natural disasters have on crime (therapeutic community, social disorganization, hypothesis of routine activity). It is concluded that the consequences of natural disasters have a criminologically meaningful effect on all spheres of public life. As a rule, such events lead to changes in both absolute and relative indices of crime, in its qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Key forms of criminal activities are analyzed and described, including: 1) vital, as a form of adapting and satisfying vital needs in the conditions of acute deficit of resources (food, clothes, medications, etc.); 2) affective, i.e. conditioned by a negative emotional state of people; 3) disinhibited, arising from the collapse of social control institutions, feelings of the absence of control and impunity for any actions; 4) situational, as an optimal form of behavior in the existing conditions, as a method of reaching some goals; 5) delayed, representing long-term social consequences of natural disasters.