Institute Library Research Articles

Artificial intelligence and ChatGPT are fostering knowledge sharing, ethics, academia and libraries

PurposeGiven the increasing attention on ChatGPT in academia due to its advanced features and capabilities, this study aims to examine the links among Artificial intelligence (AI), knowledge sharing, ethics, academia and libraries in educational institutions. Moreover, this study also aims to provide a literature base while discussing recent trends in AI and ChatGPT technologies, highlighting their specific uses in institutions.Design/methodology/approachThe paper involves a structured interview format where a human interviewer poses questions “Qs” in ChatGPT, related to knowledge sharing, ethics, academia and libraries. Moreover a literature base is also provide to discussed recent trends in AI and ChatGPT technologies, highlighting their specific uses in institutions.FindingsThe study find out that AI and ChatGPT technologies in educational institutions affect knowledge sharing, ethical consideration, academia and libraries. This study also highlights literature directions for the trends and proper use of the AI and ChatGPT among institutions, such as improving student-learning engagement.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the prior literature by offering an in-depth review of current uses and applications of AI and ChatGPT in educational institutions. It not only highlights key trends and innovations but also provides insights and guidelines for future research. This study also provides insights and guidelines for future research. Furthermore, the article emphasizes the potential impact of AI and ChatGPT on the future of education and technology.

Valorising Transnational Heritage Through Cultural Routes—European Travels in Special Collections of Adriatic Libraries

In this paper, the authors present the possibilities of transnational networking and developing innovative cultural routes through participatory research and creative presentations of European cultural heritage in special collections of Adriatic libraries. The purpose of the research, conducted in the framework of the course Travel Writing and Cultural Routes, was to identify collections that contain travel writing material related to the broader Euro-Mediterranean area and to enable its better visibility through the digitization and creation of new European cultural routes. The students, with the help of librarians at the University Library in Pula, explored special collections, such as the Marine Library, and proposed the creation of new cultural routes, following the itineraries of European travel writers in the Adriatic. The conducted research indicated collections and materials in heritage institutions (archives, libraries and museums) in Pula and Istria relevant to the topics of cultural routes and travel in Europe, as well as regional multicultural history. Libraries in Istria and Dalmatia have valuable collections of rare archival material related to European travels to the Adriatic. The cataloguing and digitisation of rare travel texts has the potential to raise awareness of these collections, adding to their significance for academic research and heritage-based tourism.

Discovery of dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) inhibitors using an artificial intelligence model and their effects on tau and tubulin dynamics

The dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1 A (DYRK1A) presents a promising therapeutic target for neurological diseases. However, current inhibitors lack selectivity, which can lead to unexpected side effects and increase the difficulty of studying DYRK1A. Therefore, identifying selective inhibitors targeting DYRK1A is essential for reducing side effects and facilitating neurological disease research. This study aimed to discover DYRK1A inhibitors through a screening pipeline incorporating a deep neural network (DNN) model. Herein, we report an optimized model with an accuracy of 0.93 on a testing set. The pipeline was then performed to identify potential DYRK1A inhibitors from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) library. Four novel DYRK1A inhibitors were identified, and compounds NSC657702 and NSC31059 were noteworthy for their potent inhibition, with IC50 values of 50.9 and 39.5 nM, respectively. NSC31059 exhibited exceptional selectivity across 70 kinases. The compounds also significantly reduced DYRK1A-induced tau phosphorylation at key sites associated with the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, they promoted tubulin polymerization, suggesting a role in microtubule stabilization. Cytotoxicity assessments further confirmed the neuronal safety of the compounds. Together, the results demonstrated a promising screening pipeline and novel DYRK1A inhibitors as candidates for further optimization and development.

Creative Spaces in Public Libraries: Navigating the Culture Clash with Institutional Norms and Expectations

Public libraries promote inclusivity and creativity yet struggle to activate and maintain the spaces required for inclusive creative practice due to institutional norms and processes. This mismatch creates impediments to user engagement. Using a “design institutioning” framework, this article investigates whether creativity and bureaucracy can coexist in public library workplaces. In the context of a regional public library in Australia, this article explores (i) understanding and activating appropriate organizational cultures, structures, and systems to suit the diverse purposes of the contemporary public library, and (ii) recruiting and protecting designers as intermediaries to navigate conflicting ideologies and facilitate mutually beneficial outcomes in public library institutions.

Digital Piracy in Higher Education: Exploring Social Media Users and Chinese Postgraduate Students Motivations for Supporting ‘Academic Cybercrime’ by Shelving eBooks from Z-Library

Z-library, an electronic book (ebook) website, was shut down in November 2022 for cybercriminal activity. This created a milieu to investigate its educational significance in higher educational institutes. Adopting social representation theory, this article explores 134 comments in r/Z-Library a Reddit subforum populated across social media during the takedown. These users’ views are contextualised against opinions from 103 Higher Education (HE) postgraduate students in China, who were engaged in a qualitative study including a survey, focus group and ethnographic observation of a classroom debate. Analysis found an overlap between both groups and suggests that universities need to re-consider digital divides faced by socioeconomically disadvantaged students. Academic poverty, caused by the cost of academic literature and journals, was found to drive students and social media users towards piracy. The article concludes by recommending that universities must consider how to reduce piracy, as institutional libraries move into post-digital futures. These recommendations highlight, then, that if learners must resort to ‘academic cybercrime’ a rethink is needed about how universities enable a culture of lifelong learning.

The green libraries partnership and green libraries campaign

The Green Libraries Partnership, rebranded as the Green Libraries Campaign in 2023, was established in February 2022 in response to the UN Climate Change Conference and the climate emergency declarations by local authorities in England. The initiative, led by the Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals (CILIP) and supported by key organisations, aims to foster a sustainable future for libraries and their communities. Central to its mission are four key aims: enhancing sustainability efforts within libraries, facilitating community engagement, aligning with local environmental initiatives, and positioning libraries as vital contributors to climate action. Over its first eighteen months, the Partnership conducted research, launched a Green Libraries Manifesto, established a grant fund, and hosted the inaugural Green Libraries Conference, reflecting its commitment to environmental action. The Green Libraries Campaign seeks to expand the programme’s reach across the UK library sector, encouraging collaboration and innovation to address climate change effectively. This article outlines the objectives of the Partnership and Campaign, evaluates achievements thus far, and discusses future aspirations, emphasising the importance of libraries in promoting climate awareness and action. As the initiative evolves, it aspires to ensure financial sustainability while fostering an inclusive network of libraries dedicated to environmental stewardship. The programme is also committed to learning from global library initiatives to support diverse communities in their sustainability efforts and the measures being taken across the international library sector to work towards achieving new zero across library buildings and services.

The Adoption and Usage of ICT in Teaching and Learning in Tanzanian Secondary Schools: A Systematic Review

This systematic review aims to enhance understanding of the level and factors affecting the adoption and use of ICT in teaching and learning in Tanzanian secondary schools over a 10-year period from 2015 to 2024. The review involved a comprehensive literature search across various online research databases and institutional library sources for studies published within this timeframe. Extracted data included year of publication, level of ICT adoption and use, geographical scope, factors influencing adoption and use, target population, and type of school ownership. A total of 544 records were identified from different databases and repositories, with 266 screened, 48 full-text articles assessed for eligibility, and 17 articles ultimately meeting the inclusion criteria for analysis. The qualitative analysis of these studies revealed that, overall, the adoption and use of ICT in Tanzanian secondary schools remained low. Key factors affecting effective integration of ICT included insufficient ICT infrastructure (94.1%), limited ICT skills and knowledge among teachers (47.1%), inadequate teacher training (29.4%), teacher attitudes, perceptions, and experience (23.5%), and a lack of technical support (23.5%). The review concludes that ICT adoption and usage in Tanzanian secondary schools is at a low level. It is recommended for an increased investment in ICT infrastructure to ensure that public secondary schools, in particular, have access to the necessary technological resources for teaching and learning.

Prevention of deep vein thrombosis in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a best practice implementation project

IntroductionDeep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common complication observed in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) patients, which significantly increases the survival risks and reduces the patient’s quality of life. However, preventive clinical measures for DVT have not been standardized; therefore, the scientific basis and effectiveness of these measures require further validation.ObjectiveThis study aims to employ evidence-based practices to effectively prevent the occurrence of DVT in aSAH patients.MethodsThis study was performed from June 2023 to March 2024 in the neurosurgical intensive care unit of a Grade III Class A general hospital in Nanchang, China. Furthermore, it was based on the healthcare model published by the Joanna Briggs Institute Library (JBI) in 2016, which emphasizes the use of previous evidence-based practices while considering appropriateness, feasibility, clinical significance, and validity. In this research study, 15 review indicators were developed, and baseline assessments on 47 nurses and 49 patients were conducted. Furthermore, factors promoting and obstructing implementation were analyzed, and targeted strategies to address these obstacles were formulated. Moreover, a follow-up audit was performed to identify best practices.ResultsThe baseline review results indicated that the incidence of DVT in aSAH patients was 16.3%. Furthermore, the implementation rates of six review indicators (1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 13) were all < 100.0%, with indicators 2, 5, and 8 indicating < 60.0% implementation rates. After the project implementation, a subsequent audit revealed that the best practice initiative yielded significant improvements compared to the baseline data. Moreover, the incidence of lower limb DVT in aSAH patients decreased from 16.3% before the evidence-based practices to 6.1% after their implementation. At the nursing level, the DVT prevention knowledge and practice questionnaire scores increased from 63.62 ± 11.48 to 74.77 ± 9.98 after the evidence-based practices (t = -5.03, p < .001). In addition, the implementation rates of the six review indicators improved to varying degrees after the implementation of evidence-based practices (p < .050).ConclusionsThis project implemented evidence-based practices and indicated a reduced incidence of lower limb DVT in patients with aSAH. Furthermore, this study improved the knowledge, provided evidence for DVT prevention for the neurosurgical ICU nurses, promoted the implementation rate of review indicators for DVT prevention, standardized the behavior of neurosurgical ICU nurses for preventing DVT in aSAH patients, and ensured the safety of patients.Trial registrationThis study has been registered at the EvidenceBased Nursing Center of Fudan University in China. Clinical trial number ER20230578.

Urgensi Administrasi Guru dalam Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar

Teacher administration and teaching and learning activities are two important entities in the world of education. The existence of teacher administration is needed to support teaching and learning activities. The aim of this research is to explore the importance of teacher administration to the success and quality of teaching and learning. The method used in this research is literature study. Data collection was carried out by reading a collection of scientific articles/journals and books in various digital library institutions and the internet. The analysis was carried out based on similar research as well as studies of various theories regarding teacher administration, learning and teaching and learning activities. From the results of the analysis carried out, it was found that although teacher administration does not have a significant influence on the quality of learning, its existence must still be used as a guide in designing teaching and learning activities. The interactions that occur between teachers and students in learning are very much determined by the teacher's preparation and supporting facilities.

Modeling Memory Institutions: The Ainu Case Study

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to construct a model of memory institutions (libraries, archives, and museums) as a lens for analyzing contemporary collective memory practices related to the Ainu people. First, we developed a pilot model to organize the current phenomena and practices of collective memories and suggest a respective circulation mechanism consisting of three core elements: media, collective representations, and collective memory. Additionally, employing this pilot model, we conducted close readings of 449 pieces of literature and illustrated the characteristics of collective memory practices and phenomena in a case study of the Ainu. Our findings indicate that 1) the traditional collective memory of the Ainu has gradually shifted toward recognizing them as a unique ethnic group, and 2) by translating their oral literature into diverse media, the Ainu have reshaped their cultural identity.

The Library of the RAS Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry – the successor to the library of the Imperial Academy of Sciences Chemical Laboratory

The 300th anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences is celebrated in 2024. Among its institutions, the libraries hold a special place as depositories of scientific knowledge rendering research support services. The authors discuss the experience of the Library of the Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It was established in the second half of the 19th as the library of the Chemical Laboratory of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg. The laboratory systematically purchased specialized journals, monographs and reference books demanded by the scientists, both on its own and through the Library of the Academy of Sciences. After the 1917 Revolution, the Laboratory went through several restructurings, and in 1934, along with other Academy departments was transferred to the city of Moscow. All these events were affecting the Library, its status and name having changed in succession to the Library of the Chemical Institute, Library of the Chemical Association, and that of the Department of Chemical Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences. One century after its foundation, the library's collections numbered more than 200 thousand copies, and it served all chemical institutes of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1973, the library became affiliated with the Library for Natural Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences and has kept this status till present day. Today, the Library is the depository of the comprehensive thematic collection of scientific literature, comprising the historical collection of the turn of the 19th-20th centuries and the most recent publications in general and inorganic chemistry.

What are the Main Complications When it Comes to the Restitution of the Objects Stolen During the Holocaust in Bosnia and Herzegovina?

Abstract During World War II, Bosnia and Hercegovina was occupied by the Ustashe-led Independent State of Croatia, a Nazi collaborator par excellence. Ustashe, mostly Croats, Muslims-Bosniaks, and domestic Germans, overwhelmingly participated in the annihilation of more than 85 % of the Bosnian Jewish population during the Shoah. Beside the physical destruction of the community, these Nazi collaborators plundered Jewish assets in an estimated value of over one billion US dollars and robbed priceless cultural artifacts along with the communal archives. While witness accounts agree that looting of most movable property (books, artwork, and other valuables) was carried out in the first days of occupation by the Nazis themselves, the robbery of Jewish property (apartments, houses, businesses) as well as torture and killings of domestic Jews was committed by the Ustashe. What complicates the restitution in this country is the state and memory politics, but also the inexistence of a central registry of stolen items that could be claimed. Moreover, it is of the essence that the GLAM institutions (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums) within Bosnia and the former Yugoslavia region engage in conducting detailed provenance research of their respective collections.

Development of Libraries of Scientific Institutions and Universities, Branch and Multidisciplinary Libraries in Siberia: Experience and Strategic Initiatives

The purpose of the article is, basing on the results of studying the experience of interaction between scientific libraries of Siberia and the Far East in the 20th – first decades of the 21st century, to determine trends in the development of libraries, goals and objectives of the State Public Scientific Technological Library of the Siberian Branch (SPSTL SB RAS) when working out the project for the development of multidisciplinary scientific libraries, libraries of scientific institutions and universities in the region in 2025–2030 in accordance with the priority directions of the State scientific, technological, socio-cultural policy of the Russian Federation.A brief history and dynamics of the formation of the network of libraries of scientific institutions and universities, branch and multidisciplinary libraries in Siberia and the Far East are presented – an important part of the information support of specialists in scientific, educational and industrial complexes. The role of the State Public Scientific Technological Library of the Siberian Branch (SB) of the Academy of Sciences (AS) of the USSR – SB of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAN) – the leading multidisciplinary scientific and technological library, an information and methodological center for academic libraries; which was in the 1960s–1990s the coordination center of libraries of scientific institutions, largest universities, industry and central scientific libraries of provinces, territories and republics of the region is examined. In connection with the adoption of a number of legislative acts in 2013–2024 and the transformation of scientific libraries activities, the need to work out and implement the project for the development of multidisciplinary scientific libraries, libraries of scientific institutions and universities in Siberia and the Far East is substantiated.

The analysis of the stock of the Republican scientific-technical library

Nowadays, the investigation of the questions of the scientific management of library stocks has gained great urgency (increased in importance). The tasks of increasing the efficiency of the formation and usage of library stocks highlight the necessity for systematic research into their peculiarities and tendencies of development. This article analyzes the peculiarities and tendencies of the development of the stocks of the Republican Scientific-Technical Library of Lithuania's Scientific-Research Institute of Scientific-Technical Information and Technical-Economic Research. The multifaceted research of the stocks should enable the improvement of library processes and information-bibliography services. The research carried out allows for the following conclusions: The Republican Scientific-Technical Library, by volume of stocks, is the largest library among scientific libraries of the republic. Its stocks total 40.4 percent of the whole stock of the United Republican Information Stock (URIS). The library is the main library in URIS, which organizes the stocks of special documentation and literature. A peculiarity of the stock is that special technical documentation and literature have predominated in the stock since 1970, totaling approximately 90.1 percent of the entire stock. The basic stocks are in the Republican Scientific-Technical Library in Vilnius, which total 87.6 percent of the entire stock. The superextensive growth of the special technical documentation and literature during 1967-1970 is accounted for by the organization of the departments of patents and technical documentation (as per the decision of the Council of Ministers of Lithuania). At present, the growth of the stock has stabilized. Every year during 1975-1982, the library received an average of 850.2 thousand documents. The growth of the quantity of the stocks, completion on the whole, and the growth of the stocks of special kinds of scientific-technical literature and documentation may be defined by a mathematical curve, which shows that from a certain moment, the speed of the growth of the volume of the stocks slows down due to limited resources.

Navigating and Evaluating Ongoing Assessment Efforts in the University Library

This column reflects the author’s conversation with the University Library Dean about ongoing assessments and future directions. It raises a key question for assessment professionals and library leadership: “As the current assessment is proceeding according to plan, should we continue with the existing approach or explore potential changes?” To address this, the author will present the background of assessments at a public research university, highlighting outcomes and challenges using current examples. Additional questions will be provided to encourage reflection on assessment efforts at their institutional library.

Information Service Delivery and Its Impact on Students’ Academic Achievement in Tertiary Institution Libraries within the Buea Municipality

This study examines Information Service Delivery and its impact on student’s academic achievement in tertiary institution libraries within Buea Municipality. The study was guided by two research questions. (1) How does indexing service impact students’ academic achievement in tertiary institution libraries in the Buea Municipality? (2) How does referencing service impact students’ academic achievement in tertiary institution libraries in the Buea Municipality? These questions were transformed into two research hypotheses. The research design used for this study is the convergent research design. The target population was 15994 and the accessible population was 340 students, 42 staff and 3 directors. The sample size was made up of 42 students and three directors and 21 staff selected using simple random sampling technique. The instruments for data collection were a questionnaire for students that use the library and library staff while the interview guide was for library directors. The Data collected from the field were analyzed both descriptively and inferentially. The data from interview were analyzed thematically, while for inferential statistics, the data were analyzed using Pearson product moment correlation coefficient so as to test the hypotheses. Findings revealed that, indexing services and referencing services have a relationship with students’ academic achievement. Based on the finding, the following recommendations were made to the Higher educational authority. The authority should add more modern and constantly update the libraries with information resource so as to meet up with the day to day need of their users. The university council should allocate more money to the library so as to ease the purchase of library resources.

Simulation training in mammography with AI-generated images: a multireader study.

The interpretation of mammograms requires many years of training and experience. Currently, training in mammography, like the rest of diagnostic radiology, is through institutional libraries, books, and experience accumulated over time. We explore whether artificial Intelligence (AI)-generated images can help in simulation education and result in measurable improvement in performance of residents in training. We developed a generative adversarial network (GAN) that was capable of generating mammography images with varying characteristics, such as size and density, and created a tool with which a user could control these characteristics. The tool allowed the user (a radiology resident) to realistically insert cancers within different regions of the mammogram. We then provided this tool to residents in training. Residents were randomized into a practice group and a non-practice group, and the difference in performance before and after practice with such a tool (in comparison to no intervention in the non-practice group) was assessed. Fifty residents participated in the study, 27 underwent simulation training, and 23 did not. There was a significant improvement in the sensitivity (7.43 percent, significant at p-value = 0.03), negative predictive value (5.05 percent, significant at p-value = 0.008) and accuracy (6.49 percent, significant at p-value = 0.01) among residents in the detection of cancer on mammograms after simulation training. Our study shows the value of simulation training in diagnostic radiology and explores the potential of generative AI to enable such simulation training. Using generative artificial intelligence, simulation training modules can be developed that can help residents in training by providing them with a visual impression of a variety of different cases. Generative networks can produce diagnostic imaging with specific characteristics, potentially useful for training residents. Training with generating images improved residents' mammographic diagnostic abilities. Development of a game-like interface that exploits these networks can result in improvement in performance over a short training period.

Based on the S–O–R theory adoption intention of blockchain technology in libraries: a two-stage analysis SEM–PLS and ANN

PurposeBlockchain, a groundbreaking technology that recently surfaced, is under thorough scrutiny due to its prospective utility across different sectors. This research aims to delve into and assess the cognitive elements that impact the integration of blockchain technology (BT) within library environments.Design/methodology/approachUtilizing the Stimulus–Organism–Response (SOR) theory, this research aims to facilitate the implementation of BT within academic institution libraries and provide valuable insights for managerial decision-making. A two-staged deep learning structural equation modelling artificial neural network (ANN) analysis was conducted on 583 computer experts affiliated with academic institutions across various countries to gather relevant information.FindingsThe research model can correspondingly expound 71% and 60% of the variance in trust and adoption intention of BT in libraries, where ANN results indicate that perceived possession is the primary predictor, with a technical capability factor that has a normalized significance of 84%. The study successfully identified the relationship of each variable of our conceptual model.Originality/valueUnlike the SOR theory framework that uses a linear model and theoretically assumes that all relationships are significant, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is the first study to validate ANN and SEM in a library context successfully. The results of the two-step PLS–SEM and ANN technique demonstrate that the usage of ANN validates the PLS–SEM analysis. ANN can represent complicated linear and nonlinear connections with higher prediction accuracy than SEM approaches. Also, an importance-performance Map analysis of the PLS–SEM data offers a more detailed insight into each factor's significance and performance.

EFFECTS OF LIBRARY ORIENTATION PROGRAMME ON THE USE OF LIBRARY RESOURCES BY NEWLY-ADMITTED UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF TAI SOLARIN UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, IJAGUN, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

This study investigated the effect of library orientation programme on the use of library resources by newly admitted undergraduate students Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun, Ogun state Nigeria. Library orientation is a core programme of the academic libraries that emphasized on educating, enlightening, and assisting the users to guide, identify, know and utilise the library information resources and services efficiently. To achieve the objectives of this research, the study was guided by three objectives, three research questions and three hypotheses. The descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study and data was gathered through the instrument of a questionnaire. A total of 200 copies of the questionnaires were randomly distributed for equal representative of students across the institutions. Data were analysed using frequency, percentages and t-test for independent sample mean. The study concluded that a well-organized library orientation will inculcate confidence in users, encouraging them to use the library effectively. Hence the goal of library orientation is to make library users proficient in research as well as lifelong learners. Library orientation should be given more priority in the institutional library in order to sensitize more students and portray their attention to the available resources and services that can be of immense benefit to them in the course of their studies.

Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of incomplete Kawasaki disease in children in China

BackgroundKawasaki disease (KD) is a pyretic ailment predominantly observed in children aged below 5 years. There is currently a dearth of precise markers for timely identification of incomplete Kawasaki disease (IKD). It is imperative to develop updated, comprehensive, and evidence-based guidelines to effectively direct clinical practice.MethodsThe guideline development group comprised individuals with diverse expertise in both content and methodology and carried out an extensive exploration of the following digital repositories: CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Data, UpToDate, BMJ, Clinical Evidence, National Guideline Clearinghouse, Joanna Briggs Institute Library, Cochrane Library, and PubMed. The entire period from the establishment of these databases until January 1, 2024 was covered. To evaluate IKD, systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials were assessed using the risk of prejudice instrument specified in the Cochrane Handbook, along with the evidence robustness framework established by the GRADE group. The recommendations were formulated based on the findings, considering the evidence strength. After several iterations of expert consensus, the relevant professional committees in China endorsed the ultimate guideline.ResultsThese guidelines address clinical questions regarding the classification and definition of KD, diagnosis of IKD, treatment during the acute phase of IKD, and follow-up of IKD.ConclusionsTo provide healthcare professionals with guidance and decision-making bases for the diagnosis and treatment of IKD in China, 13 recommendations were formulated based on expert consensus and evidence of best practices.