Institute Of Professional Accounting Research Articles

Exploring the Digital Space in Investigating the Gender Representation of Indonesian Professional Accountant Institutions

This study aims to determine and analyze how gender representation is framed from media positions, subject-objects, and readers' positions based on Critical Discourse Analysis Sara Mills. The preparation of the writing of this research uses a critical paradigm qualitative method. Data were retrieved from the website and online news from the Financial Services Authority, which focuses on programs segmented by women, for data collection in this study using participant observation or independent people as data validity by analyzing how the gender representation of professional accounting institutions is displayed based on Sara Mills' Critical Discourse Analysis. The research findings show that the subject's position in the discourse is presented as a female figure who is educated, successful in the public sphere, and can positively influence society. However, the representation of women in other programs is still low and is dominated by men.

Disruptive Accounting Technology and Institutional Efficiency of Professional Accounting Institutes in Nigeria

Disruptive Accounting Technology and Institutional Efficiency of Professional Accounting Institutes in Nigeria

Professional judgement in accounting and Aristotelian practical wisdom

PurposeRecognising the growing importance of professional judgement within professional accounting, this paper examines how it relates to Aristotelian practical wisdom, with reference to the ethical failure at Carillion plc in 2018. This includes an examination of how these concepts are similar and how they differ and a reconceptualisation of professional judgement in Aristotelian terms.Design/methodology/approachThe conventional understanding of professional judgement is articulated with reference to accounting standards, professional accounting institutions and academic research. This is compared to Aristotelian practical wisdom, as presented in the Nicomachean Ethics. Both of these conceptualisations are analysed with reference to the failure of Carillion plc.FindingsSome similarities as well as significant differences between the conventional conceptualisation of professional judgement and Aristotelian practical wisdom are identified. Application to the accounting failure of Carillion plc shows how an Aristotelian reconceptualisation of professional judgement, as an ethical concept, provides a more adequate understanding of unethical accounting behaviour.Research limitations/implicationsThe analysis identifies aspects of professional judgement in accounting that have not previously been explored empirically, but which nevertheless have empirical support in other domains.Practical implicationsProfessional judgement is reconceptualised in ethical terms, which informs how professional bodies and firms should conceive and apply this concept.Originality/valueAlthough there has been research on judgement informed by psychology, there has been little research linking judgement and wisdom in an accounting context. This paper utilises a philosophically informed perspective on wisdom to reconceptualise professional judgement in a way that provides a more adequate understanding of ethical failures.

Call to service: The Register of Australian Accountants for National Service 1940–1944

PurposeThe paper explores the creation in Australia of the Register of Accountants for National Service. Established at the outset of the Second World War, the Register operated for four years from June 1940 providing voluntary, non-remunerated, part-time and after-hours services to a highly stressed and seriously stretched federal government bureaucracy by members of the main Australian professional accounting bodies. Departments of the Navy, Army, Air Force, Supply and Development and Munitions were the largest consumers of the services offered.Design/methodology/approachThe study of the Register relies mainly on an extensive archive of war-time documentation from the Federal Government and various accounting professional institutes which has survived, predominantly in the National Archives of Australia. The resource is particularly rich in material covering the complex negotiation processes that brought the Register into operation together with documentation recording and reporting the work of the Register. The themes of professionalization, institutional legitimacy, volunteerism and patriotism are all invoked to explain the presence of the Register in the machinery of government that was assembled to deliver the ultimately successful war effort. Created by the principal professional accounting institutes, the Register attests to the commitment of their members to the war effort and, thereby, the importance of the profession to Australian society.FindingsThe perilous situation of Australia at a time of war provided a compelling incentive for the accounting profession to organise itself in an efficient and highly effective manner to assist with the war effort. The disparate and somewhat fractured accounting profession at the time was able to work together in a structured, cohesive and disciplined manner to provide voluntary services when called upon. To deliver the voluntary services promised, a purpose-built set of institutional arrangements was put in place. An extensive inventory of the potential services that could be provided by members of the main professional accounting bodies was conducted to facilitate the smooth matching of government needs with services available.Research limitations/implicationsDiscussion focusses only on Australia where the Register was unique. No other examples have been discovered where a profession has self-mobilised to serve a nation in a time of war. A further limitation is that the activities reported are restricted to self-reporting by the Register and a small loose collection of documents prepared by the Department of the Navy.Originality/valueThe uniqueness of the Register is the core of the originality and value of this study. How and why it came into being and the method by which it completed the “task” assigned to it stand as testament to a profession strategically placed to contribute in a substantive manner to the war effort at minimal cost to the nation.

What Determines Interest in Becoming a Student of Professional Accounting?

This study aims to identify the determinants of student interest in pursuing Accounting Professional Education (Indonesia: PPAk) in Province of Bali. The determinants which the author has used are: independent variables are social motivation, career motivation, quality motivation, and duration of education. The sample in this study comprises of 75 respondents who are students of Accounting discipline at the Faculty of Economics and Business at universities in the Province of Bali. Data was collected using a questionnaire and have been processed using multiple regression analysis. The results show that social motivation, career motivation, and quality motivation have a positive effect on students' interest in studying Accounting Professional Education. On the other hand, the duration of the accounting course has a negative effect on students' interest in studying this program. The importance of role of a professional accountant in realizing transparency in public life, and an economy that is free from financial deceit and fraud makes the role of professional accounting institutions very important. However, graduates' who desire to continue their studies in the PPAk program tends to be low. The findings of this research are expected to become the basis for policy makers in formulating rules related to the development of the accounting profession in the society, especially in Indonesia.

Skills Acquisition Shortfall: A Study of Professional Accounting Education

Previously, there was a paucity of empirical literature to illustrate the educators' performance of professional accounting institutions in Pakistan. Therefore, this research investigates the skills acquisition shortfall in professional accounting institutes of Pakistan. In this regard, independent sample t-test and principal component analysis is employed to draw statistical findings. Out of the 35 investigated skills, 24 skills were found to be undeveloped in students for employment purposes benchmarked against employers' expectations. Further, this research has proposed a skills acquisition framework comprising of 6 components of skills. These components of skills now could be viewed as a skills acquisition framework from professional accounting education perspective.

Problems and Challenges in Skills Development: A Perspective from Professional Accounting Education

This study contributes to the theory of constraints by adding a fresh perspective gathered from professional accounting institutions. Professional accounting institutes differ from universities, where most of the earlier research-work regarding constraints in academia has been conducted. To holistically address the study's research question, this research employed a triangulation approach comprised of articulation, 3 cognitive interviews and a survey. During the survey, the data have been collected from 201 academicians teaching in professional accounting institutes of Pakistan. Findings revealed that most of the prevalent constraining elements that are found within the extant literature pertaining to the university education system are noticeably absent in the perspectives of professional accounting institutes. In this research the prevailing constraints include, training organisations not following standard procedures, potential students have misperceptions about accounting education being mathematical in nature, enrolling students have inadequate academic skills, insufficient stipends offered by professional training organisations, accounting institutes are not appreciating teaching activities, and lack of training opportunities for academics.

Generic skills in accounting education in a developing country: exploratory evidence from Sri Lanka

Purpose The purpose of this exploratory study is to investigate the generic skills developed during the undergraduate degree from the perspectives of final year undergraduates and graduate employers. Design/methodology/approach The list of generic skills tested in this study was contextualised to Sri Lanka and developed based on prior studies. Data obtained from stakeholders via a questionnaire survey was analysed using paired-sample t-test; independent sample t-test; principal component analysis; and one-way-analysis of variance (ANOVA), with a view to explore, evaluate and compare respondents’ perspectives. Findings Our findings revealed both stakeholders believe that most of the generic skills tested in this study are important for graduates’ career success. Consistent with prior studies, respondents prioritised generic skills for career success above technical skills. Final year accounting undergraduates are aware of the skill expectations in the employment market. However, they perceive that most of the important generic skills are not adequately developed during the degree. Practical implications Findings of this study inform the importance of adopting a holistic approach to the redesign of the accounting curricula to accommodate generic skill development during the degree. Suggestions include: establishing strong links between universities, professional accounting institutions and employers; introducing participatory methods of curriculum design; and assimilating continuous reviews and frequent updates to curricula. Originality/value Sri Lanka, a developing country, was selected for this research given that little has been reported in the literature in terms of generic skills development of accounting graduates in developing countries.

Evaluation of Key Determinants of Fraud Free Financial Report: a Focus on Nigeria

The study evaluated the key determinants of fraud free financial reports. Descriptive research design was used. Two null hypotheses were tested using Z-test for proportion, F statistics and Microsoft excel 2010 toolpak. The study revealed that there is significant relationship amongst the following variables; Accounting Standards, Corporate Governance and Internal Controls in determining Fraud Free Financial Report. Furthermore, that in Nigeria to obtain Fraud Free Financial Report emphasis was on Accounting Standards, Internal Controls and Corporate Governance in this order and, Auditor’s Independence, Whistle Blowing and Accountants’ Education received little or no attention. It also revealed that from extant literature Accounting Standards are tools for combating 25% of the eight elements in fraud management cycle while 75% of them are within the purview of Forensic accounting. Hence it recommended that forensic accounting courses should be incorporated into the curriculum of professional accounting institutes in order to equip their members with sufficient skills that would enable them effectively perform their duties as public accountants.

Assessing the Connectedness between the Adoption of Ifrs and the Strength of Accounting Institutions in Nigeria

The development and acceptance of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) have made the decision of a country to embrace IFRS become a vitally important topic for researchers and standard setters. In this study, we examined association between the mandatory adoption of IFRS and Nigerian accounting institutional infrastructure. The study adopted the survey method to seek respondents’ views on the subject matter. We employed Multiple Regression techniques to analyze the data. The result shows that four of the five institutions studied are ready and strong enough to support the ongoing mandatory adoption of IFRS in Nigeria. The study recommends that steps should be taken to improve the statutory framework of accounting and auditing practice in Nigeria, outdated and obsolete sections of the instruments setting up the institutions should be reviewed and harmonized to conform to the demands of IFRS. IFRS must as a matter of necessity, be incorporated into tertiary institutions and Professional Accounting institutions’ curricula so as to build human capacity that will support the preparation of IFRS financial reports in the business organizations in Nigeria.

Curriculum Design for Accounting Education in Nigeria

It is typical of universities to regularly overhaul the curriculum of accounting degree programmes both at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels of study. Professional accountancy bodies also review their syllabus over time. In addition, it is common practice by professional accounting institutes, to grant exemptions to holders of accounting degrees, in writing professional exams. As such, it becomes intellectually stimulating to examine, on one hand, the cause(s) of regular curriculum review for both academic and professional accounting programmes, and on the other hand, the interconnectedness between the two. This research therefore provides answers to address these curiosities. The study obtained data through a survey research carried out in Nigeria. Samples were selected from six-subgroups to represent two major groups; Accounting Lecturers in Nigerian universities, postgraduate, and undergraduate accounting students represented the academic accounting education group; while accountants in industry, tutors, and students of professional accountancy exams represented the professional accounting education group. Techniques in statistics such as mean, standard deviation, correlation, regression, T-test and ANOVA were used to explore the relationships among variables at 5% significance level. Empirical findings were that the factors influencing curriculum design for academic and professional accounting education do not significantly differ. The research recommends that for accounting as a discipline to maintain relevance, it has to keep evolving with the changing environment.

Making accounting degrees fit for a university

This contribution is a commentary on the paper by Chabrak and Craig (2011) that calls for accounting pedagogy reforms that place accounting within its socio-economic context and enable students to formulate critiques and alternatives. It examines four areas pertinent to this: accounting curricula and pedagogy; accounting's relation within universities and to professional accounting institutions; student expectations; and accounting academics. The commentary concurs with the plea of Chabrak and Craig for curriculum and pedagogy reforms but notes the difficulties this faces in the UK (and possibly elsewhere) given the growing commercialisation of and competition between UK universities, and the influence of professional credentialing upon accounting academics who lack knowledge of accounting research. However, there is a public interest need, and a student and employer desire for curriculum and pedagogical reform and university teaching quality systems do not militate against this. The conclusion is that it lies with accounting academics to counter the drift of accounting degrees imitating from professional accounting courses

Professional Accountants in Business: Perspectives from a Developing Country

The purpose of this paper is to assess the role, opportunities and challenges of Professional Accountants in Business (PAIB) within the context of global frameworks and the future of Accounting in Business. Models by International Federation of Accountants (IFAC’s), Association of Chartered Certified Accountant’s (ACCA) Value Creation Model and Pricewaterhousecoopers Standard Finance Model 2011 were applied on data collected by questionnaire from Accountants registered by Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Kenya (ICPAK). From a sample of 362 Accountants the findings revealed that only 33.7% are involved in business strategy to the extent of 60-100 % against global average extent of 79%. The current baseline study offers the first academic insight in Kenya on the roles and provides evidence that Kenyan PAIB’s are not as involved in business strategy as their counterparts in other parts of the world. Professional accounting institutes and their global partners, regulators, boards, and the government can therefore redefine the roles of accountants from insights of this study.

Engagement Research in Public Sector Accounting

Abstract: This paper argues for the value of engagement research in order to encourage public sector accounting academics to take such an approach. Given that there is little evidence about the practice or value of engagement research, however, we set out to explore, evaluate and establish the lessons learned from a specific episode of engagement research. In outlining a project carried out between 2003 and 2005 by Amanda Ball and Vernon Soare, which sought to promote sustainability reporting in public service organisations, we argue that this form of research may positively impact government, public policy, professional accounting institutions and others involved in regulating or otherwise standardising public sector accounting practice.

What Do Industry-Specialist Auditors Know?

Stable URL:http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0021-8456%28199921%2937%3A1%3C191%3AWDIAK%3E2.0.CO%3B2-FJournal of Accounting Research is currently published by The Institute of Professional Accounting, Graduate School ofBusiness, University of Chicago.Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available athttp://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtainedprior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content inthe JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use.Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained athttp://www.jstor.org/journals/grad-uchicago.html.Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printedpage of such transmission.The JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository providing for long-term preservation and access to leading academicjournals and scholarly literature from around the world. The Archive is supported by libraries, scholarly societies, publishers,and foundations. It is an initiative of JSTOR, a not-for-profit organization with a mission to help the scholarly community takeadvantage of advances in technology. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.http://www.jstor.orgFri Jan 4 16:36:17 2008

Market Rewards Associated with Patterns of Increasing Earnings

*Stanford University; tCornell University; +Northwestern University. We appreciate comments from workshop participants at Baruch College, Cornell University, Harvard Business School, the University of Iowa, the University of North Carolina, the University of Notre Dame, Ohio State University, Pennsylvania State University, the University of Rochester, Temple University, the University of Waterloo, the Financial Economics Conference at SUNY Buffalo, the American Accounting Association Annual Meeting, and the Financial Decisions and Control Seminar at Harvard Business School, and from four anonymous reviewers, Dan Collins, Sanjay Kallapur, Wayne Landsman, Charles Lee, Barbara Lougee, and Krishna Palepu. We also appreciate the research assistance of Don Cram, Philip Joos, and Peter Joos. Funding from the Financial Research Initiative, Stanford University Graduate School of Business, the Stanford Business School Class of 1969 Faculty Fellowship, Cornell's Accounting Institute, the Institute of Professional Accounting at the University of Chicago, Northwestern's Accounting Research Center, and Division of Research, Harvard Business School is gratefully acknowledged. We thank IIBIEIS for use of analyst forecast data. 1 The term multiple refers to either the coefficient on earnings in price regressions or the coefficient on earnings changes in returns regressions. We refer to firms with nondecreasing patterns of earnings as firms with increasing patterns. Fewer than 1% of the firm-year observations have a zero year-to-year change as part of an increasing earnings pattern.

Index of Empirical Research in Accounting

Economies of scale in data collection and dissemination exist in many areas. Trade associations, professional bodies, newspapers, academic journals, stock exchanges and standard industry sources such as Moody's, Standard and Poor's and Lloyds operate centralized data services. This is hardly surprising; the analysis of Stigler, for example, indicates that standard sources should be observed.' Information exchange is a less obvious but more important reason for the existence of professional and academic bodies in accounting, and in other fields. The AICPA's endorsement of particular accounting procedures is a valuable and reliable way of communicating that these procedures are being followed by its members. The Data Bank for Empirical Research in Accounting (DEBRA) is an attempt to rationalize accounting data sources, although along different lines. The Bank was organized by the Institute of Professional Accounting at the Graduate School of Business of the University of Chicago.2 The general aim of the Data Bank will be to increase the efficiency of data collection, dissemination, and use in accounting, with its attendant benefits. A reasonable estimate is that 80 percent of the effort in an average system is concerned with data collection and dissemination, and only 20 percent with data use. It would not be infeasible to reverse these proportions. In the immediate future, DEBRA's aim will be to improve the quality

The "Best" Tax Depreciation Method-1964

IN THE October, 1961, issue of this Journal we outlined a capital budgeting technique for choosing the best method of tax depreciation.' In this note the analysis will be updated to reflect recent changes in the tax laws. The specific changes to be considered are the liberalization of the method of dealing with salvage values2 and the shortening of the service lives of many asset categories in the Guidelines.3 The basic elements of the choice problem have not changed. There are still two effective methods of accelerated depreciation, sum of the years-digits (hereinafter cited as SYD) and double declining balance (hereinafter cited as DDB). The firm is free to elect whichever method it prefers for each separate asset category; thus it may choose SYD for some assets and DDB for others. The best tax depreciation policy may still be defined as that method which provides the greatest present value for the tax deduction stream. The implementation of this decision criterion still requires considering three parameters: the asset's service life, its estimated salvage value, and the firm's cost of capital. And, finally, a convenient means for reducing the complexity of this three-parameter decision problem may still be offered by viewing one of the parameters, cost of capital, as the critical variable. The cost of capital may be treated as a variable by finding that discount rate which has the property of equating the present values of the SYD and DDB depreciation streams. This rate is equivalent to Irving Fisher's rate of return over cost.5 It represents the point of indifference between the two available accelerated depreciation methods. Because DDB always produces a greater depreciation charge in the first year of service life, it is clear that the DDB method will be preferable if the firm's cost of capital is greater than the indifference rate and that the SYD method is preferable at rates below the indifference point. This conclusion will be illustrated numerically later and a table will be presented summarizing the indifference rates for various combinations of service lives and salvage values. Under the new provisions for salvage value, the taxpayer is allowed to ignore salvage up to 10 per cent of the asset's original cost. Consider, for example, an asset costing $10,000, with a nine-year *Arthur Young Professor of Accounting and director of the Institute of Professional Accounting, Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago.