Institute Of Geological Sciences Research Articles

A revision of Silurian corals (Anthozoa: Heliolitoidea) from the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv)

The collection of Silurian heliolitoid corals revised in this study has been assembled by the first author (V.G.) for four decades. The material was collected predominantly from Silurian outcrops and borehole cores in the Middle Dnister area. Some of the specimens were found in Belarus and Moldova during field works and field trips. The scientific works were part of the projects elaborated by a collective of scientists from the Institute of Geological Sciences, NAS of Ukraine and Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. The working group consisted of geologists who graduated from the university in 1965 to 1970. Professors M. M. Klushnikov and O. L. Einor were our advisors. P. D. Tsegelnjuk was the oldest and the leader of the group. The collecting of specimens started in 1966 and now is ready to summarise the results. In the last fifty years, a large collection of fossil cnidarians from Silurian deposits has been assembled in the course of long-term geological field expeditions organised to study outcrops, cores of boreholes, and collect fossils. More than fifty outcrops and one hundred boreholes were studied in the territory of the Podillian region and the west slope of the Ukrainian Shield from Volyn to Snake Island. The collection comprises nearly ten thousand samples and 6000 thin sections of cnidarians. The total number of the studied samples belonging to Heliolitoidea is 139, of which 19 came from 9 outcrops and 120 from cores of 37 boreholes. The described samples represent 3 orders, 1 superfamily, 8 families, 2 subfamilies, 16 genera, 20 species (9 new), and 1 new subspecies. The authors consider that all the remains belong to fossil cnidarians. Fossil cnidarians are especially important from a facial point of view. The remains primarily indicate normal sea conditions in warm subtropical and tropical zones. In some cases, the identification of fossil cnidarians is easy, but usually we need to use the oriented thin sections. In the paper, only a small part of the collection is described following the system of Heliolitoidea developed by Olga Bondarenko. A studied collection is deposited in the Geological Department of the National Museum of Natural History, NAS of Ukraine under the number GD-1986.

Brief historical review of the geological cartography in Ecuador.

Since 1892, seven versions of the national geological map of the Republic of the Ecuador have been published. In 1892, Dr. Theodor Wolf, of the German Scientific Mission, published the 1st map which included a preliminary geomorphological description. Later, Dr. Walther Sauer with the support of the Universidad Central del Ecuador (Central University of Ecuador), published a 2nd version in 1950, and then an update in 1970, both included oil wells information. In 1969, the Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería del Ecuador (National Service of Geology and Mining of Ecuador), and Institut Français du Pétrole (French Petroleum Institute), published the 3rd version which included a mineralogical index. The 4th version was developed by the Dirección General de Geología y Minas del Ecuador (General Directorate of Geology and Mines of Ecuador) and Institute of Geological Sciences & Natural Environment Research Council, and was published in 1982, it included a geological model from a plate tectonics approach. Later, in 1993, the Corporación de Desarrollo e Investigación Geológico Minero y Metalúrgica del Ecuador (Geological, Mining and Metallurgical Research and Development Corporation of Ecuador) and the British Geological Survey published a 5th version, which included an overview of mineral occurrences on the Ecuadorian Andes. On the 21st. century, in 2001 was published the 6th version, that consisted of a reviewed national geological map, which included data transferring to the geographical information system ArcGis. Ultimately in 2017, the Instituto Nacional de Investigación Geológico Minero Metalúrgico (National Institute of Geological-Mineral-Metallurgical Research), published the 7th version, incorporating the last updated geological results of previous campaigns. Every version contributed to the understanding of the regional geodynamic framework. Nevertheless, in the last two decades, informal coding of units for the geological cartography, thrived, involving a lack of characterization and descriptions of representative outcrops, along with uncertainties on geochronological control for newly mappable defined units, reduce reliability on the national geological cartography, increasing the uncertainties for the understanding the regional geodynamic framework.

Зоологічні музеї та теріологічні колекції в Києві останніх двох століть: історія, цінності, перспективи

The history of formation, development, and transformations of mammal collections in Kyiv in the 19th–21st centuries is considered. A description of the history of formation of key natural history museums and the pres-ence in them of scientific collections of mammals are presented. Descriptions are given by periods and institu-tions, including old museums that has existed since the late 20th century. Among the descriptions are historical collections that has existed since the first half of the 20th century (including museums of Kyiv Polytechnic In-stitute, Ukrainian Scientific Society, Institute of History of Material Culture, and Pedagogical Museum) and collections that disappeared during World War II (museums of Kyiv State University and Ukrainian Agricul-tural Academy). The second part of the review is about modern museum collections that exist in such institu-tions as Kyiv National University (KNU), National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), and two museums (anatomical and forest birds and mammals) at the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences (NUBiP), as well as collections at the Institute of Geological Sciences (IGS) and the Institute of Zoology (IZAN) of the NAS of Ukraine. Additionally, brief information about famous museologists (taxidermists, researchers, collectors, and heads) as well as information about catalogues and other reviews of mammal collections are given. The details of migration of the collections are analysed, in particular as a result of social and military conflicts, due to the closure, merger, and status change of institutions. Despite the great risks of losing the col-lections, they had been saved repeatedly thanks to the care of museum workers and scientists. The NMNH is the leader by the volume of collections, among which the collections originally deposited in KNU, IZAN, and NUBiP occupy a special place. The prospects of further existence of the collections in their current state and the importance of supplementing the traditional criteria of their value with new ones that will meet the new tasks of faunal, morphological, biogeographical, and phylogenetic research are considered. Materials suitable for 3D morphological and genetic analyses are important among such new challenges.

TO THE BLESSED MEMORY OF OLEKSIY MYTROPOLSKYI, THE OUTSTANDING RESEARCHER AND MEMBER OF NUMEROUS SCIENTIFIC EXPEDITIONS

The article is devoted to Oleksiy Mytropolskyi, one of the founders of the Ukrainian school of Marine geology; a scientist and researcher in the field of marine geology, geochemistry and geoecology, Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Professor, Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Founder and Leader of the Department of Modern Marine Sedimentogenesis, Deputy Director of Institute of Geological Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.

COOPERATION BETWEEN ACADEMICIAN OF NAS OF UKRAINE PETRO GOZHYK AND THE PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC

Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Petro Feodosiyovych Gozhyk, as the director of the Institute ofGeological Sciences of NAS of Ukraine, worked closely with professional public organizations, in particular with the PO «Unionof Drillers of Ukraine» and the PO «Union of Geologists of Ukraine». This paper highlights important activities initiated by publicorganizations, which were carried out with his active support and direct participation. Among such events: «Round Table todiscuss the Concept of efficient use of renewable deep hydrocarbon resources»; the Olevsk scientific and practical conferenceswere important for the geological community: «History of discovery and study of the Perga beryllium deposit as a world exclusive»,dedicated to the 60th anniversary of exploration works at the Perga ore field; «State and prospects of development of the Pergaore district». Each of these events has become a significant contribution not only to the development of the mineral resourcebase, but also to address legislative gaps in the extractive industry, promoting the development of public institutions.

ACADEMICIAN VOLODYMYR VASYLYOVYCH RIZNYCHENKO — AN OUTSTANDING GEOLOGIST, ARTIST, AND POET (to the 150th Anniversary of his birth)

The article is dedicated to the scientific, scientific-organizational and social-educational activity of the talented Ukrainian geologist, artist and poet, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the UkrSSR, Volodymyr Vasyliovych Riznychenko — the second director of the Institute of Geological Sciences of Ukraine. Together with academicians V.I. Vernadsky, P.A. Tutkovsky, V.I. Luchytsky, the scientist was at the origins of the Geological Committee, the Academyof Sciences and the Institute of Geological Sciences, the oldest scientific center in the field of geology in Ukraine.

TO THE MEMORY OF VIKTOR PAVLOVICH USENKO

The article is dedicated to Viktor Usenko, scientist and researcher in the field of marine geology and geoecology, PhD (geology), one of the most experienced investigator of the Department of Modern Marine Sedimentogenesis of the Institute of Geological Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.

Study of mapping features of preconditions for formation of hydrocarbon deposits on the continental slope of the Western Black Sea basin

The integral thermo-atmogeochemical structural investigations (TAGSI) have been carried out at the continental slope of the Western Black Sea Depression for the first time. The technique of TAGSI as non-traditional and cost-effective exploration technology is originally developed at Institute of Geological Sciences. It consists of phased geo-structural researches and analysis of fault tectonics, morphological analysis and neotectonic interpretation of space images, thermal and atmo-geochemical surveying, lab measurements and processing of the data acquired to build thematic map using GIS technologies. Field data acquisition stage includes thermometric, emanation and gas surveying (Rn/Tn, He, CO2, H2, free hydrocarbons) in petroleum-prone onshore areas and bottom sediments (up to 2 m below the surface) thermometry, Rn-metering and measurements of gas content in the near-bottom layer offshore.To conduct the surveying there was developed a special instrument with some modifications designed to work onshore and offshore respectively. This technology is tested in different regions of Ukraine over known oil and gas fields. The results of TAGSI are considered in the paper. The geostructural analysis, interpretation of space images, atmogeochemical survey of the near-­bottom water layer (radon, helium, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, free hydrocarbons), thermic and lithogeochemical examination of bottom sediments enable to outline the petroleum-promising areas. Morphological, structural, tectonic, stratigraphic features of the continental slope’s structure are characterized. It has been found that potential petroleum-bearing structures occur in the region, which are genetically similar to the productive Mesozoic and Cenozoic stratons of the northwestern shelf and other areas of the Crimean – Caucasian Region. The results of the carried out studies show that it is purposeful to use TAGSI for local forecast of promising targets at the early search stages, for rational location of drillholes, prospecting and recovery of hydrocarbons.

Institute of Geological Sciences, NAS of Ukraine

The aim of the research is to substantiate the expediency of themineral and radiogeochemical composition comprehensive study of phosphate raw materials from domestic deposits in connection with their promising use in agro-industrial production. Phosphates from five levels of phosphate accumulation (Vendian (Ediacaran), Visean, Alb-Cenomanian, Santon-Campanian and Eocene) from Ukraine territory were studied, as well as for the purpose of comparison –phosphorites from deposits in Syria, Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan. Optical polarization, scanning electrone microscopy with energy dispersive analysis, X-ray diffractometric analysis and the method of semiconductor gamma spectrometry were used. Study results of phosphate mineral raw materials processing by different methods, including with the involvement of biotechnological methods (using the environmentally friendly leaching agents of microbial origin) are represented. The results obtained are the basis for determining the quality criteria of phosphate raw materials and assessing the prospects for industrial production of phosphorites from domestic deposits of various types. In turn, the improvement of phosphorite processing technology, as well as the involvement of modern biotechnological methods in the production will significantly reduce the cost of mineral fertilizers and related products, which is of economic interest in various sectors of the national economy.

TOOLS DEVELOPMENT FOR VISUALIZATION OF THE GEOLOGICAL OBJECT’S DIGITAL MODELS IN GIS ARCVIEW 3.N ENVIRONMENT

Modern research in the field of oil and gas geology necessarily ends with the construction of a three-dimensional geological model, which is the basis for technological and financial decisions. If the problem of building models of local objects can be considered solved, the question of building regional geological models, which include a large number of local objects and unexplored territory between them, remains open. The subsystem of visualization of geoinformation system for construction and processing, first of all, of regional 2D - 3D geological models in the field of oil and gas geology and its functional filling, in particular visualization of structural and lithological sections, horizontal sections (maps), cubes by means of convenient and intuitive for geologist’s tools. The system was studied at the geological objects of the Donetsk-Dnieper basin (DDZ), information about which is in the database of geological and geophysical information (BDGGI) of SE Naukanaftogaz. Relevant software is created in a GIS environment using compilers such as Delphy and Fortran. Software tools for model visualization are demonstrated on the example of a structural model of oil and gas stratum at one of the sections of DDZ.Keywords: geoinformation system, 3-D visualization, computer graphics

Discovering Europe's seabed geology: the EMODnet concept of uniform collection and harmonization of marine data

Abstract Maritime spatial planning, management of marine resources, environmental assessments and forecasting all require good seabed maps. Similarly there is a need to support the objectives to achieve Good Environmental Status in Europe's seas by 2020, set up by the European Commission's Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Hence the European Commission established the European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet) programme in 2009, which is now in its fourth phase (2019–21). The programme is designed to assemble existing, but fragmented and partly inaccessible, marine data and to create contiguous and publicly available information layers which are interoperable and free of restrictions on use, and which encompass whole marine basins. The EMODnet Geology project is delivering integrated geological map products that include seabed substrates, sedimentation rates, seafloor geology, Quaternary geology, geomorphology, coastal behaviour, geological events such as submarine landslides and earthquakes, and marine mineral occurrences. Additionally, as a new product during the ongoing and preceding phase of the project, map products on submerged landscapes of the European continental shelf have been compiled at various time frames. All new map products have a resolution of 1:100 000, although finer resolution is presented where the underlying data permit. A multi-scale approach is adopted whenever possible. Numerous national seabed mapping programmes worldwide have demonstrated the necessity for proper knowledge of the seafloor. Acting on this, the European Commission established the European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet) programme in 2009. The national geological survey organizations of Europe have a strong network of marine geological teams through the Marine Geology Expert Group of the association of European geological surveys (Eurogeosurveys). This network was the foundation of the EMODnet Geology consortium which today consists of the national geological surveys of Finland, the UK, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Albania, Greece, Cyprus, Malta, Russia, Germany, Montenegro and Iceland, as well as marine teams of research organizations in Portugal (IPMA), Bulgaria (IO-BAS), Romania (GeoEcoMar), the UK (CEFAS), Greece (HCMR) and Ukraine (PSRGE, replaced in the fourth phase by Institute of Geological Sciences, NAS of Ukraine). The consortium is further strengthened with experts from six universities: Edge Hill University (UK), Sapienza University of Rome (Italy), University of Tartu (Estonia), University of Crete through FORTH-ICS, Institute of Marine Science and Technology of Dokuz Eylul University (Turkey), and EMCOL Research Centre of Istanbul Technical University – altogether, 30 partners and nine subcontractors. The EMODnet Geology programme is now in its fourth phase, which started in September 2019. In addition to geological information, the wider EMODnet programme aims to also bring together information from European seas on seabed habitats, physical properties, chemistry, biology, human activities and hydrography. This paper describes the EMODnet Geology project and the different end products which were delivered in the end of the third phase and will be further developed during the recent fourth phase of the project.

Суперплюм антарктичного сектора Тихого океану: позиція, генезис, вік

The study of the Earth structure and geodynamic is one of constitutive purposes of Earth sciences. The aim of our article is to describe Ross superplume that was discovered in the southwestern part of the Pacific Ocean near and under the western margin of Antarctica. This plume was not mentioned in seismic tomographic literature and in catalogs. Ross superplume was detected by gravimetric tomography method that was developed by Rudolf Greku in Institute of Geological Sciences, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Authours used gravitomography data to describe the complex geometry of the superplume, evidences of the segmental collapse of the Paleo-Pacific slab (one of them to a depth of 4800 km), and its location within the pre-existing geothermal convective flow, under the influence of which the southwestern part of the Pacific Ocean, West Antarctica and the western part of East Antarctica are still located. Main conclusions. Combined effect of such factors as presence of geothermal interpolar flux and enter of slab into the outer liquid core within this flux led to formation of superplume. Two different parts of Ross superplume were formed in different structural-density conditions of lithospheric lower-mantle: the southern part was formed near and under the Antarctic obduction margin; the northern part was formed beneath the oceanic lithosphere. Ross superplume formation happened simultaneously with the 100 Ma event of the global reorganization of lithospheric structures, which drivers are poorly understood yet. We suppose that trigger of this event was explosive formation of Ross superplume. Our results were interpreted using available open literature data about this region and they do not contradict existing understanding of geodynamic history of the region.

TECHNOLOGY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF HYDROGEN ACCUMULATIONS AND FORECAST OF GEODYNAMIC PHENOMENA

Аналіз результатів комплексу фундаментальних та прикладних досліджень, проведених Інститутом геологічних наук, в тому числі газово-еманаційних площових зйомок, що включають Н і Не, дозволив по-новому підійти до одного зі складових вуглеводневих газів − головного енергетичного компоненту Всесвіту − водню. Концептуальна інтерпретація результатів пошукової принципової схеми структурно-термо-атмо-гідрологогідрогеохімічніх досліджень дозволила вже на попередньому регіональному пошуковому етапі виділити 25 морських і 98 на суші продуктивних нафтогазоносних площ, а також не тільки зафіксувати в рамках досліджуваних площ значні концентрації водню в одиночних продуктивних газових свердловинах, а і підтвердити результати попередніх досліджень на ділянках нафтогазопродуктивних площ, у промислово-видобувних свердловинах, у зонах геодинамічних явищ шахтних полів.

THE MAIN RESEARCH DIRECTIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND GEOECOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC OF INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES OF NAS OF UKRAINE

Research in the field of earth sciences today is not limited to traditional geological and geophysical surveys of the earth's interior. The Institute of Geological Sciences, the oldest scientific base of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, at one time created independent centers for advanced geological research of the territory of Ukraine. It is obvious that even the national economic tasks of Ukraine are not solved without taking into account the global problems of the state and environmental variability. In 2041, when the International Agreement on the Antarctic ends, comprehensive knowledge of the state of the geological environment of our planet will be required.It was precisely to this stage of development of international relations that Ukrainian science was prepared when 20 years ago it assumed obligations to conduct research in Antarctica, study sedimentary formations as a source of information about previous and future climate changes, and predict mineral deposits. Satellite radar all-weather observations of remote and hard-to-reach areas of the Antarctic, which make it possible to analyze the surface of the earth and ocean, as well as the deep structure of the Earth according to the gravitational tomography method developed at the Institute of Geological Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, which allows determining the density anomalies throughout the depth range of the Earth, are of particular importance in these studies. The paper presents only some results of geological and geomorphological studies for the regions of Ukraine and the Antarctic.An importance of development not only geology of Ukraine, but also Sciences of the Earth of the all planet, including Antarctica, is noted within the real work of the Institute of geological sciences. The wide use of satellite data and methods for restoring of a deep structure of the Earth contribute to this. Such approaches for solving practically important problems of the resources studying and environmental problems of Ukraine, as well as solving the fundamental problems of the Earth sciences, are shown in the example of remote and hard-to-reach areas of the Antarctic.

MOBILIZACE CHEMICKÝCH SLOŽEK STRUSKOVÉ DEPONIE V NÁRODNÍ PŘÍRODNÍ REZERVACI RUDICKÉ PROPADÁNÍ

The Rudice swallow hole (Rudické propadání) National Nature Monument is a locality affected by occasional mass movements and landslides. During exceptional rainfall events, the slag material from the slopes of a small valley called “Ve struskách” (“In the Slags”) slides into an episodic stream, which enters the local karst system near the swallow hole of the Jedovnice Creek (Jedovnický potok).The slag was dumped in the locality in consequence of the past processing of iron ore in blast furnaces, which had been built near Jedovnice by the princely Salm family in the 19th century. Even though the blast furnaces were closed down a hundred years ago, the slag components leaking into the Rudice stream sink cave system still demonstrably damage the speleothems. This was the majorimpulse for us to have a closer look at the geochemical properties of the slag.The chemical composition was determined by silicate analyses carried out in the Institute of Geological Sciences at the Faculty of Sciences of the Masaryk University in Brno and in the ACME laboratories in Canada. The ACME laboratories determined heavy metal contents by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The petrographic characterization of the slag and its enclosures was conducted based on point analyses by a wavelength dispersive X ray (WDX) electron microprobe. Predictions regarding the geochemical behavior of the slag components in an aqueous environment were made using the sequential extraction analysis (SEA) according to Tessier (1979).We have found the expected spatial variability of the basic chemical composition of the slag dumps, as well as the presence of heavy metals (cadmium and especially zinc are present at high concentrations).The slag material exhibits a glassy amorphous structure containing occasional mineral crystals, droplets of pure or oxidized iron and fragments of other materials (such as charcoal or blast furnace bricks). The ongoing weathering of the slag is accompanied by oxidation of crude iron and formation of limonite. Apart from that, the material is not subject to signifi cant secondary transformations. The results of the sequential extraction analyses of slag and soil samples suggest that Cd and Zn are chemically bound to the “carbonate fraction”, which, in general, tends to dissolve under acidic conditions. Even though the environment of the carbonate rock cave systems is typically alkaline, there is a persisting risk of mobilization of heavy metals by acid soil solutions. From the environmental point of view, the slag deposition primarily represents a source of clastic material, which contaminates the cave system and damages speleothems by mechanical abrasion.

The Role of the Institute of Geological Sciences in the History of Geology in Armenia

The Role of the Institute of Geological Sciences in the History of Geology in Armenia

The relation between fault movement potential and seismic activity of major faults in Northwestern Vietnam

The relation between fault movement potential and seismic activity of major faults in Northwestern Vietnam

К 25-летию со дня основания государственного учреждения «Научный центр аэрокосмических исследований Земли Института геологических наук Национальной академии наук Украины»

К 25-летию со дня основания государственного учреждения «Научный центр аэрокосмических исследований Земли Института геологических наук Национальной академии наук Украины»

PRE-CENOZOIC TECTONIC DEFORMATION PHASES IN THE MUONG XEN AREA, NGHE AN PROVINCE

PRE-CENOZOIC TECTONIC DEFORMATION PHASES IN THE MUONG XEN AREA, NGHE AN PROVINCE

INFLUENCE OF WIND INTENSITY AND DIRECTION ON CHARACTERISTICS OF AEOLIAN FLOWS IN THE COASTAL ZONE

One of the main tasks of the Project «Creation of monitoring system of natural conditions state and variability in the «land and sea» interaction zone» is determination of influence of hydrometeorological conditions within research area (coastal zone of the Black Sea) on qualitative and quantitative content of substance of sediment flows in atmospheric and marine environments. This project is carrying out by researchers from Institute of Geological Sciences, NAS of Ukraine, on the bases of Experimental Branch of Marine Hydrophysical Institute NAS of Ukraine (Kacively village). The data base of wind speed and directions, intensity of wave processes, amount of precipitations, data of monthly sampling of Aeolian material of atmospheric flows of different direction, data of monthly sampling of marine suspension from different depths was created. Analytical investigations and natural material proceeding allowed identifying dependencies. Our investigations showed that research of mechanisms of sedimentation material inflow from the coastal zone to the sea expedient not only for knowledge of metabolic processes in «land and sea» interaction zone but also determine regularities of contaminants transfer within this zone.