Institution Of Engineers Research Articles

Ferroelectric Stochasticity in 2D CuInP2S6 and Its Application for True Random Number Generator.

True random number generators (TRNGs), which create cryptographically secure random bitstreams, hold great promise in addressing security concerns regarding hardware, communication, and authentication in the Internet of Things (IoT) realm. Recently, TRNGs based on nanoscale materials have gained considerable attention for avoiding conventional and predictable hardware circuitry designs that can be vulnerable to machine learning (ML) attacks. In this article, a low-power and low-cost TRNG developed by exploiting stochastic ferroelectric polarization switching in 2D ferroelectric CuInP2S6 (CIPS)-based capacitive structures, is reported. The stochasticity arises from the probabilistic switching of independent electrical dipoles. The TRNG exhibits enhanced stochastic variability with near-ideal entropy, uniformity, uniqueness, Hamming distance, and independence from autocorrelation variations. Its unclonability is systematically examined using device-to-device variations. The generated cryptographic bitstreams pass the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) randomness tests. This nanoscale CIPS-based TRNG is circuit-integrable and exhibits potential for hardware security in edge devices with advanced data encryption.

The association between physical fitness and mental health among college students: a cross-sectional study

IntroductionPhysical inactivity and mental health disorders are emerging threats to public health in China. Previous research on links between exercise and mental wellbeing have focused on clinical populations, with little evidence from the general population, particularly younger adults. We aimed to investigate associations between physical fitness and mental health in Chinese college students.MethodsIn this series, of cross-sectional observational studies, we enrolled 7,468 Chinese college students aged 16–24 years in 199 classes at Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering between Sept 1, 2017, and Jun 30, 2018. Exposures of interest were the students’ physical fitness level, measured by the Chinese University Students Physique Test. The primary outcomes were mental health situations, measured by the University Personality Inventory (UPI). The multivariable linear regression models were used to assess the relationship between the levels of physical fitness and mental disorders symptoms.ResultsCompleted mental health and physical fitness data were available for 6,724 participants aged 16–24 years. Compared with the failed group, the corresponding levels of difference in overall UPI scores were − 1.45 scores (95% CI: −2.45, −0.46; p < 0.01) for the passed group and − 2.95 scores (95% CI: −4.13, −1.77; p < 0.01) for the good group. Similar results were observed in the four different aspects of psychotic disorder symptoms.DiscussionThere was a significantly negative correlation between the level of physical fitness and phycological situations among Chinese college students. Our findings highlight the psychological situations of students with low physical fitness levels should be concerned.

Technical Aspects of Natural Gas Pyrolysis in Liquid Metal Bubble Column Reactors

The pyrolysis of low alkanes (in the following short “pyrolysis”) has already been investigated during the 1960s. However, none of the reactor systems used at the time are capable of continuous operation. Therefore, the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology has intensified the development of the promising liquid metal bubble column technology in recent years, which is capable of continuous operation. Various key aspects have been addressed, such as scale‐up and the pyrolysis of high‐caloric natural gas. Herein, further developments for a pilot scale system have been investigated, which concern increased throughput and long‐term operation capabilities. Careful evaluation of the impact of according measures has been done, which shows that the achieved scale‐up has only negligible effects on the pyrolysis outcome. The effects of the scale‐up on residence times are negligible. The bubble formation behavior depends on the throughput and the characteristics of the orifice. Wall effects are marginal. Fundamental minimization of weeping could not be confirmed. Reactor pre‐chambers in combination with tin collection chambers are recommended for further scale‐up. An increase in the volume flow should be examined. In terms of long‐term operation , head as well as feed pressure control is recommended.

RETRACTION: Progress of zinc oxide‐based nanocomposites in the textile industry

RETRACTION: R. Huang, S. Zhang, W. Zhang, X. Yang, “Progress of Zinc Oxide‐Based Nanocomposites in the Textile Industry,” IET Collaborative Intelligent Manufacturing 3, no. 3 (2021): 281–289. https://doi.org/10.1049/cim2.12029.The above article, published online on 24 May 2021 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) has been retracted by agreement between the journal's Editors‐in‐Chief; Liang Gao and Weiming Shen; the Institution of Engineering and Technology; and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.The retraction has been agreed on after concerns about this manuscript were raised by a third party. An investigation revealed several inconsistencies regarding the experiments described and the results presented. Furthermore, multiple references are unrelated to this manuscript and are considered insufficient to support the corresponding statements in the text. The experimental methods are not described in detail, and so the research is not comprehensible for the readers, the experiments are not reproducible, and the conclusions are considered invalid. The authors have been informed of the decision to retract.

RETRACTION: Knowledge map visualization of technology hotspots and development trends in China's textile manufacturing industry

RETRACTION: R. Huang, P. Yan, X. Yang, “Knowledge Map Visualization of Technology Hotspots and Development Trends in China's Textile Manufacturing Industry,” IET Collaborative Intelligent Manufacturing 3, no. 3 (2021): 243–251, https://doi.org/10.1049/cim2.12024.The above article, published online on 27 March 2021 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) has been retracted by agreement between the journal's Editors‐in‐Chief, Liang Gao and Weiming Shen; the Institution of Engineering and Technology; and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.The retraction has been agreed on after concerns about this manuscript were raised by a third party. An investigation revealed substantial flaws in the literature analysis presented. The methodical details are described insufficiently. Accordingly, the literature analysis results cannot be reproduced, and the conclusions are considered invalid.The authors have been informed of the decision to retract.

Testing and evaluation of light clothing properties used in fire and rescue service units

In the testing room for examination products of the Fire Engineering and Expert Institute (FEEI) of the Ministry of the Interior of the Slovak Republic in Bratislava, the Slovak National Accreditation Service SNAS has granted accreditation. Accredited testing room with identification number no. S-084 performs tests applied in the field of personal protective equipment. The goal is to specify, determine, and, above all, verify the selected characteristics for emergency clothing (light emergency clothing - LEC) used by firefighters and rescuers in the Fire and Rescue Service units to determine the conditions for procurement and quality control of the LEC supplied. The results obtained during the examination of the properties of light emergency clothing will be used in the next steps of the research of the Product Assessment Department (PAD) FEEI of the Ministry of the Interior of the Slovak Republic. In contrast, individual parameters can be used to design new LEC. The basic meaning and purpose of any protective means are to protect a person who intervenes in a dangerous environment contaminated with chemical, biological or radioactive substances, for example, in industrial accidents connected with the release of dangerous substances (HAZMAT), in accidents of vehicles transporting HAZMAT and natural disasters or fires of various nature. Protecting from the external environment is one of the favourable inherent properties of personal protective work equipment (PPE).

Tillage and nutrient management strategies for improving productivity and profitability of maize (Zea mays)

The experiment was carried out during Kharif season of 2021 at Farm unit 5, Integral Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Integral University, Lucknow, U.P. (India) to evaluate the effect of tillage and nutrient management strategies on maize productivity. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with 2 tillage options i.e., Conventional tillage (CT) and Raised beds planting (RBP) as main plots and 5 nutrient management practices, viz. FP (Farmer practice), ST (State recommendation), STBR (soil test-based recommendation), NE (Nutrient expertTM) 6t/ha and NE 7 t/ha were assigned in sub-plots with 3 replications. The RBP recorded significantly higher yield attributes, viz. cob girth (16.8 cm), grain row/cob (16.2), grain/row (40.6), no. of grain/cob (700.1), grain weight/cob (162.7 g) over CT. Similarly, significantly higher grain (7.22 t/ha), stover (11.01 t/ha), cob (9.72 t/ha), biological yield (20.70 t/ha), total uptake of N, P and K, gross return, net return and B: C ratio was noted in RBP than CT. The yield attributes, yield parameters nutrient uptake and economics in maize were significantly influenced by nutrient management techniques. The maximum yield attributes, viz. cob girth, grain row/cob, grain/row, no. of grain/cob, grain weight/cob and yield were recorded under NE @7 t/ha. Similarly, total uptake of N, P and K, gross return, net return and B: C ratio was noted NE @7 t/ha than remaining other treatment. Overall, results revealed that growing maize on permanent raised bed along with NE @ 7 t/ha is a promising option for sustaining the productivity of maize intensively grown in Upper Gangetic Plains of India.

Benefits of Interprofessional Education for Teamwork and Team-BasedPractice: Major Stakeholders’ Views in Bangladesh

Background: Interprofessional education (IPE) is essential to prepare health professionals for working as a team in interprofessional teamwork and team-based practice. In this study, the views of major stakeholders are explored regarding the benefits of collaborative practice, which is promoted by interprofessional education. Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in seven medical colleges, three nursing institutes, one health technology institute, several hospitals, and health complexes from July 2022 to June 2023. Data were conveniently collected from 273 intern doctors, 51 recent medical graduates, 153 nursing students, 71 senior nurses, and 104 health technologists with a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. Results: The study shows that the means of agreement between their views on different issues related to the benefits of working as a team in interprofessional team-based practice were within 81.6% to 91.2%. Although all the respondents were convinced about the benefits of interprofessional teamwork, the means of agreement of the intern doctors were statistically significantly lower than the means of agreement of other groups on all issues. Conclusions: The study revealed that the majority of the intern doctors, recent medical graduates, nursing students, nurses, and health technologists acknowledged the benefits of IPE during their medical education, which would promote interprofessional teamwork and team-based practice. CME J 2024; 3(2); 31-37

Z-YOLOv8s-based approach for road object recognition in complex traffic scenarios

Object detection in road scenarios is crucial for intelligent transport systems and autonomous driving, but complex traffic conditions pose significant challenges. This paper introduces Z-You Only Look Once version 8 small (Z-YOLOv8s), designed to improve both accuracy and real-time efficiency under real-world uncertainties. By incorporating Revisiting Perspective Vision Transformer (RepViT) and C2f into the YOLOv8s framework, and integrating the Large Selective Kernel Network (LSKNet), the model enhances spatial feature extraction. Additionally, the YOLOv8s backbone is optimized with Space-to-Depth Convolution (SPD-Conv) for better small object detection. The Softpool-Spatial Pyramid Pooling Fast (SoftPool-SPPF) module ensures precise characteristic information preservation. Z-YOLOv8s improves mean average precision (mAP)@0.5 on the Berkeley Deep Drive 100 K (BDD100K) and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Toyota Technological Institute (KITTI) datasets by 7.3 % and 3.8 %, respectively. It also achieves accuracy increases of 5.7 % and 6.5 % in Average Precision (AP)-Small, and a real-time detection speed of 78.41 frames per second (FPS) on the BDD100K. Z-YOLOv8s balances detection precision and processing speed more effectively than other detectors, as demonstrated by experimental results and comparisons.

Comparative Analysis of NIJ and NIST Methods for MicroSD Investigations: A Technopreneur Approach

This research aims to compare the performance of two forensic investigation methods, the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), specifically for evidence analysis of MicroSD cards. MicroSD cards are frequently used as external storage in various digital devices, making them critical in digital forensic investigations. The study evaluates the effectiveness of these methods using tools such as Access Data FTK Imager and autopsy. The NIJ method enthis comparative passes detailed stages of preparation, collection, examination, analysis, and reporting, while the NIST method includes stages of collection, examination, analysis, and reporting. Results indicate that the NIJ method provides more comprehensive and detailed results, while the NIST method offers a faster investigation process. Additionally, tables and graphs illustrating performance metrics are included to substantiate the findings. This comparative analysis provides valuable insights for technopreneurs in optimizing digital forensic methods for better data integrity and efficiency, ultimately enhancing decision-making processes in technological entrepreneurship. Furthermore, this study aligns with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure, by promoting innovative forensic methods that support the development of resilient infrastructure and foster innovation in the digital age. This study highlights the importance of effective forensic methods in supporting technopreneurial ventures.

Geographic Trends in Ophthalmology Resident Physician Compensation and Cost-of-Living Expenses

Given that resident physician financial strain has been associated with poor outcomes, objective metrics to forecast financial well-being may be useful to (1) applicants when evaluating ophthalmology residency programs and (2) programs when determining resident benefits. To determine and compare the relative value of ophthalmology resident stipends plus benefits when adjusted for cost-of-living expenses and to analyze program characteristics associated with greater resident net incomes. In this cross-sectional study, the American Medical Association's Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database was used to identify US Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited ophthalmology residency programs. Resident physician stipends and stipends plus benefits as well as residency program characteristics from the 2023-2024 academic year were noted for all eligible programs. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Living Wage Calculator's required annual income (RAI) was selected as a surrogate to approximate cost-of-living expenses. Residency program characteristics, including affiliation, size, ranking, presence of housing benefit, and training year. The primary outcome was the annual stipend plus benefits income surplus (SPBIS) for each residency program, defined as the resident's stipend plus benefits (SPB) minus the RAI for the county in which the residency program is located. Secondary outcomes included income surplus variation by program characteristics. Of 116 ophthalmology residency programs analyzed, 37 (31.9%) were located in the Northeast, 36 (31.0%) in the South, 29 (25.0%) in the Midwest, and 14 (12.1%) in the West. The mean (SD) postgraduate year 1 resident annual SPB was $65 397 ($8205), and the median (IQR) was $63 986 ($59 992-$69 698). After adjusting for the cost of living, the mean (SD) SPBIS was $27 459 ($5734) and the median (IQR) was $27 380 ($23 625-$31 796). Annual cost-of-living expenses varied by as much as $8628 (95% CI, $6310-$10 947) and SPBIS varied by as much as $6283 (95% CI, $3367-$9198) between regions. Resident SPB increased by a mean (SD) of 3.97% (0.98%) for each subsequent training year (range, 0.93%-7.26%). Annual SPBIS increased by a mean (SD) of 9.48% (3.60%) for each subsequent training year. After adjusting for living costs, intraregional and interregional differences in SPBIS among ophthalmology residents can vary by thousands of dollars, impacting residents' financial security. Further discussion regarding compensation may lead to innovative strategies that aim to improve resident well-being and performance.

Calibrating the global network of gravitational wave observatories via laser power calibration at NIST and PTB

Abstract Current gravitational wave observatories rely on Photon Calibrators (Pcals) that use laser radiation pressure to generate displacement fiducials used to calibrate detector output signals. Reducing calibration uncertainty enables optimal extraction of astrophysical information such as source distance and sky position from detected signals. For the ongoing O4 observation run that started on May 24, 2023, the global gravitational wave detector network is employing a new calibration scheme with transfer standards calibrated at both the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). These transfer standards will circulate between the observatories and the metrology institutes to provide laser power calibration traceable to the International System of Units (SI) and enable assessment and reduction of relative calibration errors for the observatory network. The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) project and the Virgo project are currently participating in the new calibration scheme. The Large-scale Cryogenic Gravitational-wave Telescope project (KAGRA) is expected to join in 2024, with the LIGO Aundha Observatory (LAO) in India joining later. Before implementing this new scheme, a NIST-PTB bilateral comparison was conducted. The results of this comparison, with significantly lower uncertainty than previous studies, are reported. We also describe the transfer of power sensor calibration, including detailed uncertainty estimates, from the transfer standards calibrated by NIST and PTB to the sensors operating continuously at the interferometer end stations. Finally, we discuss the ongoing calibration of Pcal-induced displacement fiducials for the O4 observing run. Achieved combined standard uncertainty levels as low as 0.3 % facilitate calibrating the interferometer output signals with sub-percent accuracy.

Enhancement of Chicken Breast Shelf-Life Using Gondhoraj (Citrus hystrix) Zest Edible Wrap: Physicochemical, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Properties

Aims: The study aims to evaluate the physicochemical, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of Gondhoraj (Citrus hystrix) essential oil (GPO) incorporated into a starch-based edible film (GF) for packaging chicken breast meat to enhance safety and shelf life. Study Design: Active packaging films were formulated with GPO concentrations of 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.8% (v/v) in pre-film forming starch solution. Place of Study: Department of Food Technology, Guru Nanak Institute of Technology, Kolkata. Methodology: Films were created using the casting technique. Opacity and light barrier properties were measured via light absorption between 200 and 800 nm. Moisture content, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties were assessed. The coliform count in chicken meat packed with GF was evaluated. Results: GF demonstrated lower water solubility (0.068 ± 0.09% - 0.090 ± 0.00%) compared to the control starch film and greater opacity (3.150 ± 0.03 - 8.924 ± 0.09) with light absorption between 200 and 800 nm. Antioxidant activity, measured by DPPH and ABTS+ assays, was 70.36 ± 2.48% and 83.78 ± 0.54%, respectively. After refrigeration at 4°C ± 1 hour, the chicken sample with GF had the lowest coliform count (4.88 ± 0.06 CFU/g) compared to the uncoated sample. After 7 days of refrigerated storage, the moisture content noted was (91.18 ± 0.17). Conclusion: The shelf life study revealed no significant difference (p<0.05) in organoleptic qualities between coated and uncoated chicken samples. Thus, GF exhibits strong antibacterial and antioxidant properties, enhancing the nutritional quality and prolonging the shelf life of chicken meat during refrigeration.

Revolutionizing consumer insights: the impact of fMRI in neuromarketing research

This study performs a comprehensive bibliometric (performance analysis) and thematic content analysis of global research in "neuromarketing or consumer neuroscience" and "functional magnetic resonance imaging or fMRI." Utilizing the PRISMA framework and R package software, we analyzed thirty-six Scopus-indexed articles. The USA and California Institute of Technology emerged as leading contributors, with Rangel, A., and Reimann, M., as notable authors. Prominent themes include 'advertising,' 'product,' 'price,' and 'brand', with the “Journal of Consumer Psychology” and “Journal of Neuroscience” being key publications. The most cited article is "Marketing actions can modulate neural representations of experienced pleasantness," with 620 citations. In addition, fMRI has been used to study consumer behavior (impulsiveness, reward, emotion, decision-making, and memory) toward marketing stimuli such as price (WTP), advertising (celebrity endorsement, MSV), product (packaging design), and brand (Halal logo, label, and personality). This study provides an invaluable literature review matrix and detailed insights into the current trends in global neuromarketing research utilizing fMRI. This study highlights the significant impact of fMRI in both academic and commercial realms, offering new insights for targeted marketing and consumer behavior research. It provides valuable guidance for developing more effective advertising strategies, understanding consumer decision-making processes, enhancing business performance, and collaborating academically.

Enhancement of Chicken Breast Shelf-Life Using Gondhoraj (Citrus hystrix) Zest Edible Wrap: Physicochemical, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Properties

Aims: The study aims to evaluate the physicochemical, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of Gondhoraj (Citrus hystrix) essential oil (GPO) incorporated into a starch-based edible film (GF) for packaging chicken breast meat to enhance safety and shelf life. Study Design: Active packaging films were formulated with GPO concentrations of 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.8% (v/v) in pre-film forming starch solution. Place of Study: Department of Food Technology, Guru Nanak Institute of Technology, Kolkata. Methodology: Films were created using the casting technique. Opacity and light barrier properties were measured via light absorption between 200 and 800 nm. Moisture content, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties were assessed. The coliform count in chicken meat packed with GF was evaluated. Results: GF demonstrated lower water solubility (0.068 ± 0.09% - 0.090 ± 0.00%) compared to the control starch film and greater opacity (3.150 ± 0.03 - 8.924 ± 0.09) with light absorption between 200 and 800 nm. Antioxidant activity, measured by DPPH and ABTS+ assays, was 70.36 ± 2.48% and 83.78 ± 0.54%, respectively. After refrigeration at 4°C ± 1 hour, the chicken sample with GF had the lowest coliform count (4.88 ± 0.06 CFU/g) compared to the uncoated sample. After 7 days of refrigerated storage, the moisture content noted was (91.18 ± 0.17). Conclusion: The shelf life study revealed no significant difference (p<0.05) in organoleptic qualities between coated and uncoated chicken samples. Thus, GF exhibits strong antibacterial and antioxidant properties, enhancing the nutritional quality and prolonging the shelf life of chicken meat during refrigeration.

Revolutionizing consumer insights: the impact of fMRI in neuromarketing research

This study performs a comprehensive bibliometric (performance analysis) and thematic content analysis of global research in "neuromarketing or consumer neuroscience" and "functional magnetic resonance imaging or fMRI." Utilizing the PRISMA framework and R package software, we analyzed thirty-six Scopus-indexed articles. The USA and California Institute of Technology emerged as leading contributors, with Rangel, A., and Reimann, M., as notable authors. Prominent themes include 'advertising,' 'product,' 'price,' and 'brand', with the “Journal of Consumer Psychology” and “Journal of Neuroscience” being key publications. The most cited article is "Marketing actions can modulate neural representations of experienced pleasantness," with 620 citations. In addition, fMRI has been used to study consumer behavior (impulsiveness, reward, emotion, decision-making, and memory) toward marketing stimuli such as price (WTP), advertising (celebrity endorsement, MSV), product (packaging design), and brand (Halal logo, label, and personality). This study provides an invaluable literature review matrix and detailed insights into the current trends in global neuromarketing research utilizing fMRI. This study highlights the significant impact of fMRI in both academic and commercial realms, offering new insights for targeted marketing and consumer behavior research. It provides valuable guidance for developing more effective advertising strategies, understanding consumer decision-making processes, enhancing business performance, and collaborating academically.

A Kind of Chemistry

The author explains that 'A kind of chemistry' was the way the authors of The Gifts of Comus (1739) described the new cookery of the European courts, a cookery that had begun to take shape a century earlier with Pierre de la Varenne's Le Cuisinier François (1651). This essay takes their metaphor at face value. It was indeed chemistry, a chemical cookery inspired by a radical group of chemical physicians who treated and advised the aristocracies of northern Europe. The author thanks Alan Davidson who accepted a preliminary sketch of this essay for 'A Mini-Symposium on New Publications' PPC 53 (1996); 47-50, and the organizers and audiences of the Horning Lecture Series in History of Science at Oregon State University and Dibner Lectures in History of Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology who bore with successive versions. The present version won the Sophie Coe Prize 1998.

What imaging reveals about engineered endosymbionts

What imaging reveals about engineered endosymbionts Ashley V. Makela and Christopher H. Contag from the Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, walk us through watching living therapeutics in action, including what imaging reveals about engineered endosymbionts. Advances in biomedical imaging have opened new windows through which we can watch dynamic biological processes in the context of intact organs and tissues of living subjects. As such, imaging has become integral to revealing fundamental insights and advancing applied scientific research.

Resistive switching and synaptic characteristics of Hf-doped ZnO sandwiched between HfO2-based memristors for neuromorphic computing

With the rise of neuromorphic computing, memristors have attracted much attention as a device with potential synaptic properties. In this paper, we investigated the embedding of Hf-doped ZnO (Hf:ZnO) layers with different doping concentrations in HfO2-based memristors to design HfO2/(0 %-10 %)Hf:ZnO/HfO2 tri-layer structured memristors for resistive switching (RS) and synaptic characteristics. Utilizing first-principles calculations, we integrated assessments of both oxygen vacancy migration capability and material conductivity to evaluate the rationale behind our design. The experimental results show that the HfO2/(5 %)Hf:ZnO/HfO2 tri-layer structured memristor presents the best RS performance, with a storage window of 103. We analyze the impact of insertion layers with varying doping concentrations on the RS performance of the devices and elucidate the RS mechanism. In addition, we investigated the synaptic properties of HfO2/(5 %)Hf:ZnO/HfO2 tri-layer structured memristor, and effectively simulated synaptic plasticity akin to the synaptic behavior found in biological neurons. Finally, we also constructed a memristor-based Spiking Neural Network for recognizing the Mixed National Institute of Standards and Technology handwritten digit dataset, achieving a recognition accuracy of 82 %. This comprehensive study shows that the insertion of (5 %)Hf:ZnO into HfO2-based memristors holds significant promise for upcoming applications in the field of neuromorphic computing.

Algorithm “DPTM” for continuous authentication with behavioural biometrics

Algorithm “DPTM” for continuous authentication with behavioural biometrics Takeshi Yamada, Professor from Daiichi Institute of Technology, describes the algorithm “DPTM” for continuous authentication with behavioural biometrics, beginning with the current device security outlook. Cyberattacks and cybercrimes increase every year. Under such a scenario, the user’s need for security enhancement is urgent. Looking at current user authentication, most are authenticated only at the login stage, with ID and password, biometrics, or other forms.