Institut Pertanian Bogor Research Articles

Peer Review Statement

Abstract All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: Single Anonymous • Conference submission management system: Morressier • Number of submissions received: 72 • Number of submissions sent for review: 53 • Number of submissions accepted: 51 • Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 70.8 • Average number of reviews per paper: 2 • Total number of reviewers involved: 33 • Contact person for queries: Name: Ono Suparno Email: ono.suparno@apps.ipb.ac.id Affiliation: Institut Pertanian Bogor

Cover, Content, and Editorial Note from Borneo J Pharm Vol. 7 No. 2 May 2024

Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb. Alhamdulillahirabbil ‘alamin. The next edition of the Borneo Journal of Pharmacy (Borneo J Pharm), has been published in May 2024. This edition contains ten articles: Pharmacology-Toxicology, Pharmacognosy-Phytochemistry, Pharmaceutical, Analytical Pharmacy-Medicinal Chemistry, Microbiology Pharmacy, Natural Product Development, Clinical-Community Pharmacy, and Management Pharmacy. This edition includes writings from five countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Uganda. The authors come from several institutions, including Institut Teknologi Bandung, Universitas Darussalam Gontor, Universitas Koperasi Indonesia, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Biomatics Indonesia, Indonesian Institute of Bioinformatics, Universitas Nasional, University of Ilorin, Summit University, Ambrose Alli University, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Kampala International University, Premium Medical Services, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Clarke International University, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, International Islamic University Malaysia, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar, Universitas Indonesia, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta, National Research and Innovation Agency of the Republic of Indonesia, Menur National Mental Hospital, and East Java Provincial Health Service. Editorial boards are fully aware that there is still room for improvement in this edition, hence with all humility willing to accept constructive suggestions and feedback for improvements to the publication for the next editions. The editorial board would like to thank all editors and reviewers, and contributors of the scientific articles who have provided the repertoire in this issue. We hope that all parties, especially the contributors, could re-participate for publication in the next edition on August 2024. Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.

Effect of Leaf Pruning and Additional Fertilizer on Growth and Young Pods Yield of Winged Beans

Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.) exhibits luxuriant foliage, making leaf pruning essential to enhance sunlight interception. Additionally, supplementing with additional fertilizer helps offset the impact of gradual harvesting. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the effect of leaf pruning and additional fertilizer on the growth and yield parameter of winged beans in the Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) experimental station at Leuwikopo, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia. A randomized complete block design was used with two factors and three replications, namely leaf pruning intensities (0, 15, and 30% leaf pruning) and rates of additional fertilizer (0, 6.25, 12.5, and 18.5 g NPK 16-16-16/plant). The observed variables were plant height, leaf number, root length, leaf nutrient, auxin content, nutrient uptake, and young pods yield. The findings revealed that the interaction of pruning intensities and additional fertilizer rates significantly influenced leaf number and root length. Specifically, plants receiving a treatment combination without pruning and 6.25 g of additional fertilizer/plant exhibited the highest leaf number. In contrast, those subjected to 15% leaf pruning showed the greatest root length. Leaf nutrient levels, auxin content, and nutrient uptake exhibited noticeable improved with the addition of fertilizer. Meanwhile, a higher phosphorus and organic carbon content was observed in the 15% pruning treatment, and the young pods yield were not affected because the Fairuz variety reached its potential yield. Based on the results, the most recommended treatment is a combination without leaf pruning, supplemented with 6.25 g of additional fertilizer/plant.

Comparison of morphological characters, flowering phenology and essential oils of two accessions of Cananga (Cananga odorata var. fruticosa)

Abstract. Na’imah MNR, Kurniawati A, Kisantini. 2024. Comparison of morphological characters, flowering phenology and essential oils of two accessions of Cananga (Cananga odorata var. fruticosa). Biodiversitas 25: 801-810. The Cananga flowers are well-known in various regions of Indonesia as a raw material for essential oils and flower decorations. This study aims to compare the characteristics of two varieties of Cananga originating from Kediri and Cipanas. Both types of Cananga were cultivated in the Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) Cikabayan experimental field. Observation was conducted on leaf and flower characteristics, flowering phenology, and essential oil content. The research shows that the Kediri accession exhibited brownish-red leaf petioles, brownish-red branches, and dark brown stems. In contrast, the Cipanas accession had green leaf stalks, green branches, and light brown stems. The flowering phenology of the Kediri accession spanned from the emergence of flower buds to the End stage, lasting 35 days, while the Cipanas accession's flowering period extended for 25 days. The Kediri accession's flowers have more petals and are longer and heavier than the Cipanas accession. The highest essential oil content of the Cipanas accession occurred at the 50% full flowering stage, reaching 0.92%, and gradually decreased as the flowering progressed. In comparison, the Kediri accession oil content is the highest at the end of the flowering stage, with a peak of 0.61%. The highest compound in the Kediri accession is all-trans-Farnesol acetate 14,24%, ?-Copaene 12.23%, and Caryophyllene 15.92%. Meanwhile, in the Cipanas accession, the highest compound content was linalool 18.74% and caryophyllene 16.00%.

Estimation of genetic parameters and variability of various cayenne peppers under net shading

Abstract. Siahaan GF, Chozin MA, Syukur M, Ritonga AW. 2023. Estimation of genetic parameters and variability of various cayenne peppers under net shading. Biodiversitas 24: 5912-5919. The intercropping systems are important concerning the decreasing agricultural land and the increasing population. Chili could be planted as intercrops, but not all chili genotypes were adapted to low light-intensity stress. This study aims to determine the genetic diversity of cayenne pepper under 50% plastic net shade conditions based on morphological and agronomic traits. The study was conducted at the Cikabayan Experimental Field, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Dramaga, Bogor, from January to July 2021. The genetic material consisted of ten genotypes of cayenne pepper from Capsicum annuum L. and ten from Capsicum frustescens L.. Each genotype of chili was planted with three replications, so there were 60 experimental units. Each experimental unit consisted of six plants planted in an area of 1.5 m2. The shade used was a plastic net shade with a 50% shading level. The estimation of genetic parameters showed that leaf area, number of leaves, fruit weight, number of fruits, and yield per plant had a high genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and broad-sense heritability (Hbs). Cluster analysis resulted in two main clusters based on twelve chili growth and agronomic characters. All chili genotypes included in Cluster 1 were C. annuum chilies. On the other hand, all the chili genotypes in Cluster 2 were C. frutescens chilies except for the G19 genotype. Cayenne pepper in Cluster 2 had a higher number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, fruit diameter, pedicle length, fruit weight, number of fruits, and yield per plant than cayenne pepper in Cluster 1. The result of this study indicates that C. frutescens cayenne pepper has more potential to be planted under shading conditions and used in intercropping than C. annuum.

Prevalence of mastitis in dairy animals in Indonesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Mastitis is an important disease that can reduce milk production and farmer income as well as negatively affect human health. This study aimed to summarize dairy mastitis in Indonesia, both subclinical mastitis (SCM) and clinical mastitis (CM), and its prevalence in different provinces, the diagnostic methods, and the animal species. Relevant studies on mastitis in dairy animals in Indonesia were obtained from PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and Garuda. The title and abstract were screened for the eligibility of the studies. The full text of the selected studies was assessed and the data were extracted for analysis. To determine the pooled estimate of the prevalence of mastitis, a random-effects model was performed using the "Meta" and "Metaphor" packages in the R software version 4.2.2. The heterogeneity of several characteristics (mastitis type, provinces, animal species, and diagnostic methods) was evaluated through subgroup meta-analysis. Meta-regression analysis was conducted to assess the trend of mastitis prevalence reports over time. Publication bias was evaluated using Egger's test and a funnel plot. A total of 735 studies were retrieved for the title and abstract screening, which resulted in the final selection of 37 studies with a total of 6050 samples for meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of mastitis prevalence in dairy animals in Indonesia was 59.44% (95% confidence interval [CI], 52.39%-66.49%). Based on mastitis type, SCM had a significantly higher prevalence than CM (58.24% [95% CI, 51.26%-65.23%] vs. 3.31% [95% CI, 1.42%-5.19%]). No significant difference was observed in the analysis of other subgroups. Among provinces, Central Java had the highest prevalence (66.62% [95% CI, 49.37%-83.87%]), whereas Yogyakarta had the lowest (41.77% [95% CI, 14.96%-68.58%]). Based on animal species, cow and goat had a prevalence of 63.42% (95% CI, 55.97%-70.86%) and 44.96% (95% CI, 28.26%-61.66%), respectively. Based on the diagnostic method, the California mastitis test resulted in 60.08% (95% CI, 52.11%-68.06%) and the Institut Pertanian Bogor test, 56.00% (95% CI, 41.20%-70.81%). No significant change in the prevalence of mastitis in Indonesia was observed from 2003 to 2022. This study demonstrates that the pooled estimate of mastitis prevalence in dairy animals in Indonesia is >50%. Based on subgroup analysis, SCM had a higher prevalence than CM; however, the prevalence between provinces, detection methods, and animal species in the 2003-2022 periods was not significantly different. A mastitis control strategy needs to be developed to reduce the prevalence of mastitis and further loss in milk production.

Strengthening the Competencies of Gen-Z Students as Future Change Agents: Learning from Extension Science and Communication of Innovation Course (KPM121C)

The rapid development of communication and information technology is capable of supporting the learning and teaching process in higher education. This leads to the consideration of self-evaluation by the course team teaching “Extension Science and Communication of Innovation”. Therefore, the research aimed to develop the course best suitable to equip Gen-Z (Z Generation) students with future change agents’ skills. In this development process, the teaching team engaged in a competitive learning innovation known as Hibah Kompetitif Inovasi Pembelajaran (Competitive Grant for Learning Innovation) at Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) University, also known as Bogor Agricultural University, through an experiential approach modified with an action research model. In addition to face-to-face meetings, the team uses Learning Management System (LMS) to plan, monitor and assess student performance. Several data were also obtained from the course, including curricula, learning contents, and students’ projects. Moreover, the context, input, process, and product evaluation models were used for the analysis. The results showed that the learning and teaching transformation adjusted from course content fulfilment to strengthening the students’ competencies. Based on the HKIP-based evaluation, the score for course performance also improved from 75/93 to 85/93. To strengthen students’ competencies, the teaching team updated learning outcomes, completed course regulations and documents, documented academic experiences, and co-operated with technical staff for more effective use of LMS. From the results, the teaching team also implemented additional approaches to develop the skills of students, including (1) practicing collaborative learning, (2) learning from real-world situations, (3) group projects based on problem-solving, and (4) mixed media for extension education. In this case, the regular adjustment of the course to present and future challenges assisted the students in meeting the learning outcomes.

University Social Responsibility during The Covid-19 Pandemic: Lessons from the Indonesian Context

During the Covid-19 pandemic, social responsibility has become a key subject since it refers to the contribution of non-state actors in resolving the pandemic impact, becoming a non-traditional security issue. One non-state actor playing a significant role in society is educational institutions through university social responsibility (USR) programs. This study aims to analyze the form of USR programs and their benefits for communities affected by the pandemic. This study selected three universities as the case studies, encompassing Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (UMY), Universitas Pertamina and Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB). During the Covid-19 pandemic, these three universities implemented USR in the social field under the triple bottom line concept. This research employed in-depth interviews and secondary data collected through website reviews and clippings from the mass media. The results unveiled that UMY, Universitas Pertamina and IPB implemented USR in community empowerment in education, health, and technological innovation. These three universities established community empowerment schemes by involving students, lecturers and other stakeholders to demonstrate their contribution to dealing with and solving community problems caused by the pandemic. These three universities have always been oriented toward innovation, especially in education, research and community service. Innovation is significant because it helps increase skills, add value to the wider community, and impact sustainable development.

Higher education capitalism in Indonesia as a social problem: A case study in the digital age

Since the Indonesian state entered the reform era in 1998, several state universities that were centers of scientific development had their legal status changed by the government to become State-Owned Legal Entity University. From a sociological perspective, changes in legal status are commonly understood as institutional changes, which include changes in the norms that refer to governance, changes in governance procedures, and changes in organizational structure and governance. Some of the State Universities that have changed their legal status (institutions) are the Universitas Indonesia (UI), Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB), Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU), Universitas Pendididikan Indonesia (UPI), and Universitas Airlangga (UNAIR). This article will describe whether, in today’s digital era, these changes cause social problems of their own, especially social problems related to inter-structural relationships in academic activities on campus. This study employed Mixed Methods Research and 100 students as a sample of this study. The results found the fact that most of the student respondents (55.42%) considered that social problems that arise in State-Owned Legal Entity University were related to the capitalism of higher education. This research also found the impact of institutional changes being State-Owned Legal Entity University is a change in the inter-structural relationship among the academic community in carrying out academic activities to become exploitative, hegemonic, and repressive. Therefore these changes in an inter-structural relationship were also considered as a social problem.

Extended Preface

The 11th Annual International Conference 2021 on Environmental and Life Sciences Universitas Syiah Kuala “Connecting the World through Innovation and Sustainable Development” Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia September 29-30, 2021 The AIC 2021 is organized by the Institute of Research and Community Services (LPPM), Universitas Syiah Kuala (USK), Banda Aceh, Indonesia, located in Banda Aceh. This city had amazingly recovered post Tsunami disaster in 2004. Banda Aceh is widely known as one of the most cultural and historically rich cities in Indonesia. It offers you an enjoyable stay with its interesting culture, tourism places, and unforgettable culinary options.This year, just like the previous year, the conference was held virtually through zoom meeting. Despite the online mode, the conference allowed all presenters to promote their current research and innovations through discussion, sharing ideas and best practices among researchers and academics under the theme of “strengthening the dissemination of research and innovation to enhance the transfer of knowledge in the fourth industrial revolution.”The keynote speakers presented at this year conference were Prof. A. Min Tjoa, the Vienna University of Technology (Austria), Prof. Dr. Michele Notari; University of Teacher Education (Switzerland); Prof. Siti Azizah Mohd Nor., University Terengganu (Malaysia), and the invited speakers were Dr. Hawis Maduppa, B.Sc., M.Sc., Institut Pertanian Bogor (Indonesia); Prof. Amirul Mukminin, S.Pd., M.Sc.Ed., Ph.D., Universitas Jambi (Indonesia) and Associate Prof. Dr. Muhammad Roil Bilad, Faculty of Integrated Technologies, University of Brunei Darussalam (Brunei Darussalam).Two keynote speakers and three invited speakers were presented on the first day, and one keynote speaker was presented on the second day. All keynote and invited presentations were run smoothly despite the time difference between Aceh, Indonesia, and the keynote and invited speakers’ time zone. The online oral presentation sessions also run well with the excellent teamwork between the host, moderators, and operators.I would like to express our thanks to Prof. Dr. Taufik Fuadi Abidin, S.Si., M.Tech., the Head of Institute for Research and Public Services of Universitas Syiah Kuala; Dr. Dra. Sulastri, M.Si., the Secretary of Institute for Research and Public Services of Universitas Syiah Kuala; Prof. Dr. Nasrul, S.T., M.T., the Head of Scientific Journals Center of Universitas Syiah Kuala; and Dr. Syamsulrizal, M.Kes, the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Universitas Syiah Kuala, for their wise advice and suggestions. We also would like to acknowledge the conference secretary, treasurer, chief editors, and track editors for managing the paper review and organizing the technical program. Of course, we also would like to thank the rest of the committee members of AIC 2021 who have the spirit of volunteerism to succeed this conference.Sincerely, Dr. Iskandar Abdul Samad, S.Pd., MA ChairpersonList of Advisory Board, Organizing Committee, Editorial Boards Documentation are available in this pdf.

Development of air quality mobile tools for observation

Mobile weather stations are needed because of their better coverage balance than stationary stations. Center for Climate Risk and Opportunity Management in Southeast Asia Pacific (CCROM-SEAP) of Bogor Agricultural University (Institut Pertanian Bogor or IPB University) developed a low-cost mini observation system using Espressif ESP32 DOIT Development Kit V1 module, which based on the internet of things (IoT) to monitor real-time meteorological elements (such as temperature, humidity, and pressure), CO2, PM2.5, and PM10 concentration for Bogor (Center of Bogor City). With Firebase (database service by Google) integration, the system records data every 2 minutes and sent automatically to Firebase. We also create an unpublished android application called ServMo for exporting JSON to CSV format. The results show this system has a good performance for real-time monitoring purposes for a better balance of measurements coverage.

An addition to the alien flora of Java: the first record of adventive Costus dubius (Costaceae)

More than 6000 plant species, native and introduced, have been recorded in Java that includes the Costaceae family. In the last few years, several additions of alien Costus species have been published from Java. In 2019, a set of specimens of wild Costus sp. was collected from Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, West Java Indonesia. This species is not similar to any previously recorded wild Costus in Java. Therefore, this research aims to identify the collected specimen and provide a taxonomic account for the species. The morphological description was made from the living plant and the collected herbarium. The description was used to identify the species, supported by field notes and photographs. The result showed that the recently collected specimen belongs to Costus dubius. Before this finding, the plant was only known in cultivation in the Bogor Botanical Garden. Therefore, this finding represents the first record of the adventive population of C. dubius in Java and increases the number of wild Costus in Java into seven species. Further researches on Costus in Java are suggested such as the ecological impact due to the presence of several non-native species.

Sustainability Development-Based Agroindustry in Chemistry Learning to Improve the Preservice Chemistry Teachers’ Competence

This research aims to integrate agroindustry and sustainability development into chemistry learning through the Project-Based Learning model (PjBL) to improve the competence of preservice chemistry teachers. This research employed the qualitative method. The Summer Course program was held collaboratively by Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Institut Pertanian Bogor, and Villanova University. The program was implemented online within six weeks due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants consisted of 25 students. The data had been collected through interviews, questionnaires, observations, student portfolios, and reflection journals. Based on the analysis, several projects developed by preservice chemistry teachers increased the application to solve sustainability problems in the agroindustry field. Furthermore, the project was expected to be developed into a natural product that can increase the agroindustry value for coffee farmers. The findings also foster the preservice chemistry teachers to improve their creative thinking, collaboration, higher-order thinking skills, and problem-solving skills. Besides, they developed their communication and collaboration after participating in the program. The paper outline is a project development learning experience in a sustainable field and would be a good resource for student-teacher involvement in teacher education.

Intervention strategies for stunting based on analytic network process in Bangka Belitung province of Indonesia

Stunting affects stature with all the consequences of disruption of growth and development and also affects economic productivity. In Indonesia, which is mostly archipelago, stunting interventions require a multi-sectoral convergence strategy. Difficulties often occur in coordinating multi-sectoral cooperation in the policy process. It is even more challenging to formulate and define intervention strategies at different administrative levels. The Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach, such as Analytic Network Process (ANP), is one of the multi-criteria measurement approaches used to obtain the relative priority scale of individual evaluations relative dependence between elements. This approach is possible for use in the public sector,such as stunting interventions, with a high amount of information, interactions, and complexity levels. Therefore, this research aimed to develop an institutional strategy model for stunting intervention in the archipelago. The studywaslocated at Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB)University,Bogor and Bangka Belitung Island Province (Bangka and West Bangka Regency). The research method used pairwise comparison techniques with the ANP approachof15 expert informants selected purposively based on their expertise, position and work. The framework model's construction in this study was carried out through a literature review of strategic issues consisting of criteria and indicators in decision-making for stunting reduction. Data analysis utilized Superdecisionsversion 2.8software. The study results emphasized the priority strategies for nutrition-specific interventions in the initial phase of the first 1000 days of life, namely the conception period, pregnancy,and children under two years. Also, priority strategies for nutrition-sensitive interventions emphasized the importance of integrative holistic care patterns with access to safe water and improved sanitation. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the priority strategy model for stunting reduction in Indonesia, especially the archipelago, requires simultaneous multi-sectoral convergence. Recommendations for further research are to develop an intervention model in the practice of nutritious feeding with integrated, holistic, clean water, and improved sanitation access by the characteristics of the research location.

Preface

Proceeding Young Scholar Symposium on Science Education and Environment (YSSSEE) 22-23 September 2020, Lampung, Indonesia Preface Young Scholar Symposium on Science Education and Environment (YSSSEE) is the annual conference held by Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan, Lampung, Indonesia. The theme of this conference is Science, Technology and Education for Sustainable Environment with the Focus and Scope of this research including (1) Physics; (2) Material Sciences; (3) Applied Physics; (4) Natural Sciences; (5) Sciences Education; (6) Mathematics; (7) Mathematics Education; and (8) Environmental Sciences.The keynote presentations are provided to talk the current issues in Education and Environment. The keynote speaker Prof. Konstantinos Ravanis, Ph.D., from Laboratory of Didactics of Sciences, University of Patras, Greece, presented the study of the physical sciences in early childhood education. Prof. Dr. Husin Alatas, M.Si., from Institut Pertanian Bogor, Indonesia, presented the study about Understanding complexity paradigm & sustainability of complex system. Jisun Park, Ph.D., Ewha Womans University, South Korea, presented the study about students’ unintended learning in elementary school practical science lessons. Korhan Cengiz, Ph.D., presented the study about novel energy efficient protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Prof. Cari, Ph.D., Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia, presented the study about physics and mathematics language as a physics learning tool. Dr. Achmad Samsudin, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia, presented the study about measuring students’ conceptions on physics concepts: a case in Indonesia.We would like to thank to all of the participants attending this conference and also to committee for their contribution to this high-level conference and its overall success. We also would like to thank to the reviewers for their positive contribution to maintain the quality of the articles presented in this conference. We also appreciate the contribution of our sponsor supporting the conference.List of Executive Chair, Organizer, Co-Organized, Keynote Speaker, Advisory Board, Organizing Committee, Documentations of YSSSEE arein this pdf.

Feed efficiency in the growth of humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis with prebiotics dietary modulation

Energy for fish to carry on with its biological activities and growth comes from food that they eat. In artificial diets, protein become the most expensive source of energy so it is necessary to keep the proportion of protein down to the optimum levels for good growth and feed conversion. In another study, prebiotics resulted in good growth of fish using a manufactured prebiotic supplement. Ideally, we want food material available all year, inexpensive and not be in competition with food material for human consumption. In this study, food formulation with prebiotics made from local products were prepared for fish food. In this study sago was the source of carbohydrates, mackerel and land snails were the source of protein. The formulation was fed to humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis to study the effectiveness on its growth. Ninety humpback groupers (size 9-9.5 cm, weight 10 – 11 g) were reared in 3 fiberglass tanks for four weeks. Each tank had 30 fish, first tank as control without sago and the two tanks with sago in dietary prebiotic pellet. Length and weight gain were recorded every week then growth performance of fish were assessed in the form of Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Food Conversion Ratio (FCR), weight gain daily and length-weight relationship. Food proximate test were carried out separately in the Integrated Chemistry Laboratory, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Data analysis showed a significant difference in the growth performance of humpback grouper through the values of SGR, FCR and average growth daily, between treatment A and B (with sago) and treatment C (control, zero sago). The proximate test displayed lower protein in treatment A (57.95%) and B (55.95%) but higher in treatment C (59.37%), in the contrary to carbohydrate for treatment A (27.80%), treatment B (26%) and treatment C (22.98%).

Preface from the Editors

With deep satisfaction, we would like to present the conference proceedings of the 3rd Life and Environmental Sciences Academics Forum (LEAF) 2019 to the contributors, authors, and readers. These proceedings contain a permanent record of what has been presented at the conference. We hope that you will find these proceedings volume inspiring, beneficial, and exciting.The conference itself was held at The Margo Hotel in Depok, Indonesia, on July 11, 2019. With the full support from Universitas Indonesia, the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, FMIPA UI, as the organizer of the conference, continues the tradition to successfully bringing together the researchers, students, and academics from Indonesia and abroad. One of the primary purposes of the meeting is as a response to the global critical environmental challenge. The conference covers all environmental-related subjects, including Biosciences, Geosciences, and Geography. Another essential purpose of the event is to offer a convenient platform for the students and researchers to share and exchange their results findings and discuss the practical challenges and the solution provided.For a one-day conference, the responses to the papers’ call had been overwhelming – both from Indonesia and abroad. Nearly eighty articles have been uploaded to the conference system. After a strict double-blind peer review process on the articles, 78 manuscripts will be presented in these proceedings. We would like to extend our great appreciation for all the reviewers who-amid their busy schedule-supported us in maintaining the papers’ high quality.The inclusion of three Keynote Speakers by Ir. Tandya Tjahjana, M.Si. from Directorate General of Natural Resources Conservation and Ecosystem, Ministry of Environment and Forestry Indonesia, Dr. Suzie Sheehy from University of Oxford, United Kingdom and Prof. Ir. Mega Fatimah Rosana, M.Sc., Ph.D. from Universitas Padjajaran, Indonesia, as well as four Invited Speakers by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd. Hasmadi Ismail from Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia, Dr. Chanida Suwanprasit from Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Dr. Arief Darmawan from Universitas Lampung, Indonesia and Dr. Hawis H. Madduppa, S.Pi., M.Si. from Institut Pertanian Bogor, Indonesia, has been highly acknowledged. Their lectures have been presented to share ideas and newfound knowledge to the audience in a lively and accessible way.Our utmost appreciation for the generous financial support goes to Universitas Indonesia. The funds are greatly valued and enable us to organize this conference. We are incredibly grateful for the assistance of the technical organizing committee in securing a substantial input of papers and ensuring a useful event. Finally, we would like to extend our gratitude to the authors, whose without their works there will be no successful conference.We wish all the participants of the LEAF 2019 conference a fruitful scientific gathering in Depok, Indonesia. We are looking forward to the next LEAF conference – which hopefully as enjoying and inspiring as the previous event.Depok, June 2020Editors, Ratna Yuniati Chris Margules Ryota Nagasawa Mohd. Hasmadi Ismail Abdul Haris

WILLINGNESS TO PAY WARUNG MAKAN TERHADAP TPS 3R DI DESA BABAKAN KABUPATEN BOGOR

Babakan is one of administrative villages in Bogor Regency where Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) is located. IPB has given social and economic impacts in Babakan that many small-scalled business developed and small-scalled restaurant has the most participators. These small-scale restaurants generate waste everyday and the waste is still managed with end of pipe practice where waste was hauled from collection point to disposal site without any intermediate treatment. Community based waste management with 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle) approach should be proposed to reduce waste at source. 3R Solid Waste Treatment Facilities (TPS 3R) is a facility that focused on reducing, reusing, and recycling waste at source comunally involved active roles from community and goverment. The objectives of this study are (1) Examining level of participation of small-scale restaurant owners if TPS 3R is built and implemented in Babakan. (2) Estimating Willingness to Pay (WTP) of small-scale restaurans owners to TPS 3R implementation planning. The results showed most of small-scale restaurant owners are willing to participate in both sorting waste at source and paying TPS 3R service if TPS 3R is being implemented in Babakan. Average WTP values for TPS 3R is Rp 32,037.04/month and it’s higher than existing rate of waste collection service, which shows small-scale restaurant owners have preference for TPS 3R.
 Keywords: small-scaled restaurants; TPS 3R; waste management; willingness to pay

Keanekaragaman lalat buah (Diptera: Tephritidae) dan parasitoidnya di Taman Buah Mekarsari, Cileungsi, Bogor

Lalat buah (Diptera: Tephritidae) merupakan kelompok serangga yang berperan sebagai hama penting ekonomi yang dapat menurunkan kualitas dan kuantitas produksi buah-buahan. Populasi lalat buah di alam dapat dipengaruhi oleh musuh alaminya, salah satunya parasitoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan menginventarisasi jenis-jenis lalat buah dengan menggunakan perangkap dan mengetahui inang setiap spesies lalat buah dan parasitoidnya berdasarkan pemeliharaan buah yang terserang di Taman Buah Mekarsari, Cilengsi, Bogor. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Maret hingga Agustus 2017. Identifikasi lalat buah dan parasitoid dilakukan di Laboratorium Biosistematika Serangga, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Lalat buah dikoleksi dari pemasangan perangkap Steiner dan koleksi buah yang terinfestasi lalat buah. Perangkap Steiner pada setiap titik pengamatan, dipasang dua perangkap dan menggunakan dua atraktan yang berbeda, yaitu metil eugenol (ME) dan cue lure (CL). Perangkap Steiner dipasang selama enam minggu dan pengambilan imago lalat buah yang terperangkap setiap satu minggu. Buah dikoleksi sebanyak 1 kg untuk setiap jenis buah, dengan pengambilan 1–6 kali tergantung ketersediaan buah di lapangan. Atraktan ME dapat menarik 4 spesies lalat buah, yaitu Bactrocera (B.) carambolae, B. (B.) umbrosa, B. (B.) dorsalis, dan B. (B.) occipitalis, sedangkan 6 spesies lainnya tertarik atraktan CL, yaitu B. (B.) albistrigata, B. (Z.) calumniata, B. (Z.) caudata, B. (Z.) cucurbitae, B. (Z.) tau, dan D. (C.) longicornis. Ketiga parasitoid (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) ditemukan dari pemeliharaan inang, yaitu Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead), Fopius arisanus (Sonan), dan F. vandenboschi (Fullaway).

Pseudo-Radicalism and the De-Radicalization of Educated Youth in Indonesia

This article discusses a recent phenomenon of radicalization among university students in Indonesia, with special attention to what may be called “pseudo-radicalists” (i.e., a group of students who have been exposed to radical ideologies); however, they are not strongly grounded in an exclusive and extreme religious viewpoint that justifies militant attitudes and violent actions. We carefully and critically examine the extent to which educated youth have been infiltrated by radical influences and how they de-radicalized themselves. Our research includes seven government tertiary institutions identified by the National Agency for Combating Terrorism or Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme as having been inflicted by radicalism, namely, Universitas Indonesia, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Universitas Diponegoro, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Universitas Airlangga, and Universitas Brawijaya. By situating our case study within the existing literature on radicalization and de-radicalization, we hope that this article will enrich our perspectives and shed some light on crucial issues facing educated youth, especially within tertiary campuses.