Instantaneous Output Power Density Research Articles

Tuning ZnO-based piezoelectric nanogenerator efficiency through n-ZnO/p-NiO bulk interfacing

ZnO based piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENG) hold immense potential for harvesting ambient vibrational mechanical energy into electrical energy, offering sustainable solutions in the field of self-powered sensors, wearable electronics, human–machine interactions etc. In this study, we have developed flexible ZnO-based PENGs by incorporating ZnO microparticles into PDMS matrix, with ZnO concentration ranging from 5 to 25 wt%. Among these, the PENG containing 15 wt% ZnO exhibited the best performance with an open-circuit output voltage/short-circuit current of ~ 42.4 V/2.4 µA. To further enhance the output performance of PENG, p-type NiO was interfaced with ZnO in a bulk hetero-junction geometry. The concentration of NiO was varied from 5 to 20 wt% with respect to ZnO and incorporated into the PDMS matrix to fabricate the PENGs. The PENG containing 10 wt% NiO exhibits the best performance with an open-circuit output voltage/short-circuit current of ~ 65 V/4.1 µA under loading conditions of 30 N and 4 Hz. The PENG exhibiting the best performance demonstrates a maximum instantaneous output power density ~ 37.9 µW/cm2 across a load resistance of 20 MΩ under loading conditions of 30 N and 4 Hz, with a power density per unit force and Hertz of about ~ 0.32 µW/cm2·N·Hz. The enhanced output performance of the PENG is attributed to the reduction in free electron concentration, which suppresses the internal screening effect of the piezopotential. To assess the practical utility of the optimized PENG, we tested the powering capability by charging various commercial capacitors and used the stored energy to illuminate 10 LEDs and to power a stopwatch displays. This work not only presents a straightforward, cost-effective, and scalable technique for enhancing the output performance of ZnO-based PENGs but also sheds light on its underlying mechanism.

Unveiling the mechanism of lignin nanofiller in boosting the performance of triboelectric nanogenerators

Lignin has been demonstrated as the tribopositive nanofillers in boosting the triboelectric performances of biopolymer-based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). However, the complex structures of lignin caused the unclear understanding how the molecular structures of lignin affected the output performances of TENGs. Herein, for the first time, five fractionated lignin with different structures were innovatively employed as the tribopositive nanofillers in CMC. Computational simulations and experimental results verified that the lignin with more S units, A-type linkage and large molecular weight give rise to the higher dielectric constant as well as the triboelectric performances. Relying on this principle, the acetone lignin possessed the highest dielectric behavior and the constructed TENG delivered the maximum Voc of 204.34 V, Isc of 6.86 µA, Qsc of 70.27 nC and instantaneous output power density of 836.64 mW/m2 under contact frequency of 1 Hz. Moreover, such biofilm can be dissolved in water and the regenerated film delivered stable output performances at least 5 times. Our findings not only provided the in-depth understanding of the relationship between triboelectrification behaviors and molecular structures of lignin, but also boosted the rational designing high-performance lignin-based tribopositive nanofillers for self-powered sensing or mechanical energy harvesting.

A droplet‐based electricity generator incorporating Kelvin water dropper with ultrahigh instantaneous power density

AbstractHarvesting renewable water energy in various formats such as raindrops, waves, and evaporation is one of the key strategies for achieving global carbon neutrality. The recent decade has witnessed rapid advancement of the droplet‐based electricity generator (DEG) with a continuous leap in the instantaneous output power density from 50 W/m2 to several kW/m2. Despite this, further pushing the upper limit of the output performance of DEG is still constrained by low surface charge density and long precharging time. Here, we report a DEG incorporating the Kelvin water dropper (K‐DEG) that can generate an ultrahigh instantaneous power density of 105 W/m2 upon one droplet impinging. In this design, the Kelvin water dropper continuously replenishes the high density of surface charges on DEG, while DEG fully releases these surface charges into electric output. K‐DEG with such a high output can directly light five 6‐W commercial lamps and even charge a cellphone by using falling droplets.

Textile-integrated MoS2-PDMS single electrode triboelectric nanogenerator for vibrational energy harvesting and biomechanical motion sensing

With the increasing demand for portable electronics, durable and flexible textile-based single electrode triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have received a significant amount of attention. In this work, we have proposed a flexible textile based single electrode TENG (STENG) composed of MoS2-PDMS composite film. The effect of the concentration (0–10 wt%) of MoS2 in PDMS on the output performance of the as-fabricated devices was systematically studied. The STENG with a 6 wt% concentration of MoS2 exhibits the best output performance with an open-circuit output voltage, short-circuit output current density, and maximum instantaneous output power density of ∼ 320 V, ∼ 15.4 µA/cm2, and ∼ 3.2 mW/cm2, respectively. The enhancement in the output characteristics of the STENG can be explained by the formation of network of nanocapacitors, where the layers of MoS2 behave as electrodes and the insulating PDMS behaves as a nanodielectric. The powering capability of the as-fabricated STENG was tested by charging commercial capacitors and directly flashing 100 commercially available LEDs without any external charge storage component. The textile-based MoS2-PDMS composite is not only used as STENG, but also as a human motion sensor capable of detecting diverse human actions, including wrist bending, arm bending, and leg bending. As a result of its flexible structure, scalable manufacturing process, and ability to sense human motions, the developed MoS2-PDMS composite STENG has promising applications in self-powered wearable electronics and human-machine interaction.

Gigantic and Continuous Output Power in Ionic Thermo-Electrochemical Cells by Using Electrodes with Redox Couples.

The main obstacle of ionic thermo-electrochemical cells (TECs) in continuous power supply lies in a low heat-to-electricity energy conversion efficiency because most TECs work in thermodiffusion mode in which the ions are confined in a liquid/electrolyte media. The introduction of the redox couple onto the electrode surface may overcome the obstacle by resolving the low mass transport rate of ions caused by the redox process occurring near but not on the electrode surface. Herein, the authors demonstrate enhancement of TECs by integrating the redox couple directly onto the electrode surface to maximize the mass transport efficiency. A discontinuous interfacial modification strategy is developed by using a carbon cloth/iron (II/III) phytate as the symmetric electrodes. The gelled electrolyte consisting of a polyacrylamide matrix and phytic acid is shown to promote selective ion diffusion. A synergistic combination consisting of the thermodiffusion effect and redox reactions on the electrode is established in a pre-treated layout. Such TEC affords a high output voltage of 0.4 V, an excellent instantaneous output power density (20.26 mW m-2 K-2 ) and a record-high 2 h output energy density (2451 J m-2 ) under TH = 30 °C with TC = 15 °C, with an ultrahigh Carnot-relative efficiency of 1.12%.

Unique Contact Point Modification Technique for Boosting the Performance of a Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Its Application in Road Safety Sensing and Detection.

A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a potential technique that can convert waste kinetic energy to electrical energy by contact separation followed by electrostatic induction. Herein, a unique contact point modification technique has been reviewed carefully via the enlargement of the effective surface area of the tribo layer by using a simple and scalable printing method. In this study, the zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanostructure morphology has been introduced directly on an aluminum electrode (Al) as a tribo positive layer by a modified hydrothermal method and different line patterns directly printed on overhead projector (OHP) transparent sheets by a monochrome laser printer as a tribo negative layer to increase the effective contact area and work-function difference between two tribo layers. This dual parameter results in ∼11 times increment in the open-circuit output voltage (∼420 V) and ∼17 times increment in the short-circuit current density (∼83.33 mA m-2) compared to the normal one. Furthermore, with the proposed surface modification technique, an ultrahigh instantaneous output power density of ∼3.9 W m-2 at a load resistance of 2 MΩ was easily achieved. The direct energy conversion efficiency reached up to 66.67% at 2 MΩ load, which is very high compared to other traditional TENGs. Further, the fabricated TENG demonstrated efficacy in novel road safety sensing applications in hilly areas to control vehicle movement. Therefore, the current idea of surface engineering using a laser printer will be helpful for energy-harvesting enthusiasts to develop more efficient nanogenerators for higher energy conversions.

Ordered mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticles as charge storage sites for enhanced triboelectric nanogenerators

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have demonstrated great prospects in energy harvesting and self-powered sensing. However, the surface triboelectric charges are very easy to dissipate in the air atmosphere, especially after the contact electrification stops. Here, we propose ordered mesoporous SiO2 (OMS) nanoparticles with a large specific surface area (SSA) as effective body charge storage sites inside polydimethylsiloxane (OMS-PDMS) to enhance the output performance of TENGs. With the addition of 1 wt% OMS nanoparticles, the transferred charges of the TENG showed a sharp enhancement, rising from 21 nC to 60 nC. The enhancement effect of OMS nanoparticles on the output increased linearly with SSA. In addition, the OMS-PDMS also demonstrated a superior charge retention ability, with 68 % of the voltage being retained over a long time after the contact separation motion stopped, while that of the pure PDMS quickly dropped to near zero. The instantaneous output power density of the TENG with OMS-PDMS reached 5.26 W/m2, which is a 25-fold enhancement. This work proposed OMS nanoparticles with a large SSA as effective charge storage sites to enhance the output performance of TENGs.

Enhanced triboelectric nanogenerators based on 2D smectite clay nanosheets with a strong intrinsic negative surface charge

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have demonstrated their huge potential in micro/nano energy harvesting for self-powered systems. The output performance of TENGs is largely dependent on the surface charge density of the triboelectric materials. Here, for the first time, we propose 2D smectite clay (SC) nanosheets with a strong intrinsic negative surface charge for improving the charge density of traditional triboelectric-negative materials. A single-layer 2D SC nanosheet (∼1.1 nm thick) showed a strong negative surface potential (−14.3 mV), and the SC was confirmed to have a strong triboelectric negativity close to that of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). 2D SC nanosheets were blended into polyvinylidene fluoride (SC-PVDF), based on which the SC-TENG demonstrated a significantly enhanced output performance, with the transferred charge increasing from 14 nC to 35 nC at the optimal SC concentration of 5 wt%. At higher SC concentrations, the influence of decreased effective contact area because of severe aggregation of SC nanosheets began to outperform the effect of increased interior charge. The instantaneous output power density of the SC-TENG was enormously improved to 1450 mW/m2 from that of the pristine TENG (15 mW/m2). This work proposed a new 2D material, SC, with a strong intrinsic negative surface charge, which has huge prospects in enhancing the output performance of TENGs.

An Ionic Thermoelectric Generator with a Giant Output Power Density and High Energy Density Enabled by Synergy of Thermodiffusion Effect and Redox Reaction on Electrodes

AbstractIonic hydrogel thermoelectric generators (ITEGs) are becoming increasingly popular in effective recovery of low‐grade waste heat, but they suffer from relatively low output power density and energy density. In this work, by utilizing the synergetic strategy of thermodiffusion effect and redox reaction on electrodes, an ITEG is demonstrated which demonstrates impressive thermoelectric conversion properties. On the one hand, an interpenetrating network structured ionic gel with temperature‐sensitive phase transition behavior is designed as thermoelectric material to achieve a very high thermopower of 40.60 mV K−1 at a temperature gradient (ΔT) of 5 K. On the other hand, polymer redox polyaniline (PANI) is appended on the carbon weaved fabric (CWF) electrode to augment heat‐to‐electricity storage and output power performance. It is found that the PANI@CWF electrode assists to realize a larger current density output, 1 h output energy density (E1h) (570 J m−2) at a ΔT of 20 K and a maximum normalized instantaneous output power density of 11.31 mW m−2 K−2 are obtained, which is a record‐breaking result among the reported quasi‐solid‐state ITEGs. A feasible routine to design the top‐performing ITEGs is verified, which shows commercial promise for continuously powering electronic devices such as sensors and wearable electronics.

Ultrastretchable, Self-Healing Conductive Hydrogel-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Human–Computer Interaction

The rapid development of wearable electronic devices and virtual reality technology has revived interest in flexible sensing and control devices. Here, we report an ionic hydrogel (PTSM) prepared from polypropylene amine (PAM), tannic acid (TA), sodium alginate (SA), and MXene. Based on the multiple weak H-bonds, this hydrogel exhibits excellent stretchability (strain >4600%), adhesion, and self-healing. The introduction of MXene nanosheets endows the hydrogel sensor with a high gauge factor (GF) of 6.6. Meanwhile, it also enables triboelectric nanogenerators (PTSM-TENGs) fabricated from silicone rubber-encapsulated hydrogels to have excellent energy harvesting efficiency, with an instantaneous output power density of 54.24 mW/m2. We build a glove-based human-computer interaction (HMI) system using PTSM-TENGs. The multidimensional signal features of PTSM-TENG are extracted and analyzed by the HMI system, and the functions of gesture visualization and robot hand control are realized. In addition, triboelectric signals can be used for object recognition with the help of machine learning techniques. The glove based on PTSM-TENG achieves the classification and recognition of five objects through contact, with an accuracy rate of 98.7%. Therefore, strain sensors and triboelectric nanogenerators based on hydrogels have broad application prospects in man-machine interface, intelligent recognition systems, auxiliary control systems, and other fields due to their excellent stretchable and high self-healing performance.

Origami Tribo-Metamaterials with Mechanoelectrical Multistability

The emerging mechanical functional metamaterials reported with promising mechanoelectrical characteristics bring increasing attention to structurally functional materials. It is essential to deploy mechanical metamaterials in energy materials for effective triggering and controllable mechanoelectrical response. This study reports origami tribo-metamaterials (OTMs) that design triboelectric materials in the origami-enabled, tubular metamaterials. The octagonal, hexagonal, and conical origami units are deployed as the metamaterial substrates to trigger the triboelectric pairs for mechanoelectrical multistability. For the octagonal OTM configuration with the triboelectric pair of fluorinated ethylene propylene-paper, the peak open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and transferred charge are obtained as 206.4 V, 4.66 μA, and 0.38 μC, respectively, and the maximum instantaneous output power density is 0.96 μW/cm2 with the load resistance of 20 MΩ. The OTM takes advantage of the origami metamaterials to obtain the multistable force-displacement response as effective stimuli for the triboelectric materials, which leads to tunable mechanoelectrical performance for speed and weight sensing and energy harvesting. The proposed OTM not only offers a strategy to structurally design energy materials to achieve desirable mechanoelectrical response, but also provides a guideline for the applications of mechanical functional metamaterials in practice.

Influence of Various Physiochemical Parameters of AFeO3 (A = Bi, Er, Ga, La, Sm, Y) Fillers on the Dielectric, Ferroelectric, Energy Storage, and Mechanical Energy Harvesting Performance of PVDF

AbstractDifferent filler particles are very often used by researchers all over the world to tune the dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, energy storage, and energy harvesting properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). In the present work, different perovskite ferrites, AFeO3 (A = Bi, Er, Ga, La, Sm, and Y), are included into PVDF matrix separately. The roles of different parameters like, particle size, dielectric permittivity, ferroelectric polarization, crystal structure, etc. of the fillers in tuning the performance of respective PVDF‐based composites are comprehensively and simultaneously studied here. Non‐centrosymmetric fillers are found to improve the output performances of PVDF more effectively compared to that of centrosymmetric fillers. 5 wt% BiFeO3‐loaded PVDF film (5BF) shows the best performance in all aspects. Upon repeated human finger tapping, the maximum instantaneous output power density and instantaneous current across a 10 MΩ resistor connected across the 5BF film are found to be ≈3 µW cm−2 and 1.25 µA, respectively. The rectified voltage from 5BF nanogenerator is used to charge a 10 µF commercial capacitor up to ≈2.8 V and lights up some LEDs as a part of its real life applicability. The fabricated nanogenerator also shows good vibration and pressure sensing ability.

3D Hierarchical Electrodes Boosting Ultrahigh Power Output for Gelatin‐KCl‐FeCN4−/3− Ionic Thermoelectric Cells

AbstractIonic thermoelectric (i‐TE) cells, using ions as energy carriers, have the advantage of achieving a high voltage of 1−5 V at approximately ambient temperature, showing a promise as a technology for powering Internet‐of‐Things (IoT) sensors. However, the low output power of i‐TE cells restricts their applications. Here, a 3D hierarchical structure electrode is designed to enlarge the electroactive surface area, significantly increasing the thermogalvanic reaction sites and decreasing the interface charge transfer resistance. The quasi‐solid‐state gelatin‐KCl‐FeCN4–/3– i‐TE cells achieve a record instantaneous output power density (8.9 mW m–2 K–2) and an ultrahigh 2 h output energy density (E2h) (80 J m–2) under an optimal temperature range. An average E2h value of 59.4 J m–2 is obtained over the course of a week of operation. A wearable device consisting of 24 i‐TE cells can generate a high voltage of 2.8 V and an instantaneous output power of 68 µW by harvesting body heat. A simple and easy‐to‐operate electrode optimization strategy is provided here to increase the long‐term output power performance of i‐TE cells. This work represents a promising approach to develop reliable and green power sources for IoT sensors near room temperature.

A Flexible Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Cellulose‐Reinforced MXene Composite Film

AbstractA flexible triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is an indispensable part in future flexible self‐powered system. However, it is still a great challenge to establish a balance among the robust mechanical property, strong triboelectrification effect, and high conductivity of electrode materials. A flexible and enhanced‐performance TENG based on cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)/transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXene) composite films is developed here for harvesting human movement energy. By introducing CNFs, the mechanical strength, flexibility of the composite film, and sensitive to the temperature change and strain are improved. The effect of CNFs concentration, working force, and frequency on the output performance of TENG is also demonstrated. At the optimized CNFs/MXene ratio of 2/5, the transferred charges and output voltage reach the maximum value of 7.4 nC and 24.9 V, respectively. The maximum instantaneous output power density of the as‐prepared TENG is 1.2 mW m−2. Moreover, a self‐powered flexible display system is demonstrated by integrating the TENG with a flexible alternating current electroluminescence. The flexible TENG based on cellulose nanofibrils‐reinforced MXene composite film is promising as a flexible energy source for self‐powered system.

A High Output Triboelectric–Electromagnetic Hybrid Generator Based on In‐Phase Parallel Connection

AbstractWith the advent of carbon neutrality, renewable energy installations are being upgraded toward miniaturization, low cost, and high conversion efficiency. Thus, a high output triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid generator based on in‐phase parallel connection (IP‐HG) is proposed. The output characteristics of both TENG (triboelectric nanogenerator) and EMG (electromagnetic generator) can be effectively complemented to provide excellent output over a wide range of operating frequencies. By connecting multiple TENGs in parallel with EMGs in the same phase respectively, cumbersome rectification elements and wiring can be eliminated, and the energy output of the device can be greatly increased. The output characteristics and advantages of the IP‐HG are systematically investigated, including the material of the TENG, the rotation speed, the combination of dielectrode, and their effect on the electrical output of the IP‐HG. The short‐circuit current of 63 mA, open‐circuit voltage of 80 V, and an instantaneous output power density of 610 W m−3 is obtained by using a full‐wave rectifier circuit at 243 rpm, which can charge a 470 μF capacitor to 1 V in 0.2 s. A maximum output efficiency reaches 36.162% at 189 rpm. In addition, the IP‐HG can continuously power a commercial sensor and three 5 W DC light bulbs at very low rotational speeds. The reported IP‐HG offers an efficient and sustainable design approach to the development of hybrid harvesters.

Flexible alternating current electroluminescent devices integrated with high voltage triboelectric nanogenerators.

Flexible alternating current electroluminescent (ACEL) devices have attracted growing interest as promising wearable displays for their uniformity of light emission, low power consumption, and excellent reliability. However, the requirement of high-voltage power sources for driving ACEL devices greatly impedes their portability and commercialization. Here, we developed flexible ACEL devices integrated with high output-voltage triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) using easy and low-cost crumpled Al electrodes. The output voltage and current could reach as high as 490 V and 71.74 μA, corresponding to the maximum instantaneous output power density of 1.503 mW cm-2, which was demonstrated to power an integrated flexible ACEL patterned display. In addition, through signal acquisition and transmission, ACEL can display the compression frequency of TENG in real time. Such self-powered ACEL devices are very promising as flexible displays in wearable electronics.

A bulk effect liquid-solid generator with 3D electrodes for wave energy harvesting

Wave energy is one of the most promising renewable energy sources. The approaches for wave energy harvesting have been attracting more and more attentions all over the world. Although triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) based on liquid-solid interface have offered a new method for wave energy harvesting, some challenges still remain such as the relatively low energy power density and energy conversion efficiency. Here, we introduce a liquid-solid generator with electrode arrays that allows for improved wave energy harvesting compared to conventional TENG. The design of 3D electrodes above dielectric layer engenders a bulk effect that connect the electrode array, the polymer layer and bulk water into a closed-looped system. The arrayed generator can also be assembled easily and the instantaneous output power density can be enhanced from 2.7 W/m 2 to 11.7 W/m 2 with the 3D electrodes. We envision that this bulk effect generator based on liquid-solid interface will open new insight in blue energy harvesting in the future. ● A liquid-solid generator based on bulk effect for wave energy harvesting has been realized. ● Following the design of 3D electrodes, the bulk effect liquid-solid generator can output high current of 4 mA. ● Through the arrangement of arrayed generator, a high instantaneous power density of 11.7 W/m 2 is achieved.

High-performance and robust triboelectric nanogenerators based on optimal microstructured poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) polymers for self-powered electronic applications

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) which are one of the notable renewable energy harvesting devices have been demonstrated for various types of energy harvesting, sensing, and self-powered electronic applications. However, enhancing the electrical output performance by optimizing the TENG parameters and reducing its processing cost is still major issues to be resolved for practical and industrial utilization. Herein, we demonstrated a cost-effective and high-performance TENG using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and microstructure aligned polyvinyl alcohol (MS@PVA) polymers as negatively and positively polarized triboelectric materials, respectively. The PVDF film developed by a facile and cost-effective ultra-sonication process and its high electroactive β-phase can be utilized to enhance the electric dipole-dipole interactions in the film, and also lead to an increase in its piezoelectric coefficient. Besides, the PVA film was produced by a simple solidification method and the microstructures on its surface are developed by merely corresponding inverse patterns on commercially available sandpaper. The resultant TENG with the PVDF and MS@PVA polymers exhibited maximum peak-to-peak open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and instantaneous output power density values of 230 V, 6 μA, and 3.1 W/m2, respectively. Ultimately, such a high electrical output generated by the TENG was employed to drive portable electronic devices such as displays and light-emitting diodes.

Boosting piezoelectric response of PVDF-TrFE via MXene for self-powered linear pressure sensor

Piezoelectric film pressure sensors are forthcoming choices for self-powered flexible and portable electronics because of their unique advantages in instant response and linear pressure-electrical signal relationship. However, it is commonly of challenge to achieve high output voltage response to pressure in piezoelectric polymer films. Here, we report a piezoelectric film pressure sensor fabricated by electrospun polyvinylidene-fluoride-trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE)/MXene nanofiber mats. As a new two-dimensional nanomaterial, MXene has not only a large amount of surface functional groups to enable interaction with the dipoles of PVDF-TrFE molecular chains, but also high electrical conductivity to potentially increase the polarization of PVDF-TrFE during electrospinning. As such, by comparison with the control pressure sensor consisting of neat PVDF-TrFE film, the composite film sensor shows significantly improved output voltage, and the improvements are closely dependent on MXene content. For instance, the composite film with 2.0 wt% MXene can achieve an instantaneous output power density of ~3.64 mW/m2 under the pressure of 20 N with the frequency of 1 Hz. Such piezoelectric PVDF-TrFE/MXene films are capable of sensing body motion for healthcare. Furthermore, the hydrophilicity of MXene allows the film pressure sensor to monitor humidity change, thus the composite film sensor demonstrates potential application in multifunctional electronic skins.

Unveiling Peritoneum Membrane for a Robust Triboelectric Nanogenerator.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are smart alternative energy harvesters to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy to power small and portable electronic devices. A key challenge in fabricating an efficient TENG lies in the choice of an active material in addition to the mechanical stability and robust output performance of the device. This report suggests, for the first time, the use of a peritoneum membrane as a triboelectrically positive material for designing TENGs. The peritoneum covers the abdominal wall and diaphragm of mammals except for the kidneys and the adrenal glands and consists of a structure of a well-defined network of elastic fibers. Our peritoneum-based TENG (p-TENG) can generate an open-circuit output voltage of ∼550 V, output current density of ∼100 mA m–2, and instantaneous output power density of 9.4 Wm–2. This work demonstrates the p-TENG as a portable power source, a self-powered pedometer, and a speedometer, which conveys its futuristic applications for health care purposes. Our p-TENG is highly stable, delivering a constant output voltage of ∼550 V over a period of 90 days. The introduction of a biowaste peritoneum membrane as a triboelectrically positive component in the TENG has great potential as a portable alternative energy source owing to its abundance, stability, low cost, and ease of fabrication.