Instant Messenger Applications Research Articles

Forensic Analysis of wxSQLite3-Encrypted Databases and Its Application

This study focuses on digital forensic investigations of the databases used in an instant messenger application. Instant messengers store and manage user data in databases, which can be encrypted for privacy protection. We proposed a method to identify and decrypt an SQLite version 3.40.0 database encrypted using wxSQLite3 version 4.9.1, and then we examined the LINE instant messenger application to validate the proposed method. As a result, we successfully acquired the wxSQLite3 passphrase, which was used to decrypt the database of the LINE messenger application. We also performed artifact analysis to enumerate the data from a digital forensics perspective. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to propose a method to identify and decrypt of wxSQLite3-encrypted database and its applications.

Unlocking ESP Learners’ Leadership and Higher-Order Thinking Skills through Whatsapp Community of Practice

This study investigates the relationship between the WhatsApp group, an instant messenger application as a community of practice platform (knowledge management, regular interactions, ease of using technology, and sense of belonging) and English for Specific Purposes (ESP) learners’ leadership and higher-order thinking (HOT) skills. The current study also examines how participation in the community of practice through the WhatsApp group can enhance leadership and HOT skills for male and female learners. 197 ESP learners participated in the five-point Likert scale questionnaire. The SPSS-AMOS analysis showed that knowledge management, regular interaction, and a sense of belonging significantly enhance learners’ leadership and HOT skills. The results also showed that male learners increased their leadership skills while female learners excelled in the HOT skills by the WhatsApp community of practice. This study has significant educational implications, particularly in emphasizing essential measures when developing an ESP curriculum to prepare learners for their future careers

Instant messaging, interruptions, stress and work performance

PurposeThe authors investigate the relationship between instant messenger (IM) use and work performance, mediated by interruptions and two key indicators of the stress associated with technology use: overload and complexity.Design/methodology/approachThe authors validate this research model using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) with data collected through a survey of 416 working professionals.FindingsThe data reveal that while IM use contributes minimally to work interruptions and to a greater extent to technological complexity, these two constructs fully mediate the direct influence of IM use at work on technology overload, and meanwhile significantly and directly contribute to work performance.Research limitations/implicationsThis research provides theoretical insights into the deployment of IM and its actual impacts in the workplace. To improve the generalisation of the findings, the authors call for more IM-related research in other countries, with more native theories and various methodologies in this domain.Practical implicationsThe level of stress generated through IM use is moderate, considering IM is not a significant contributor to work interruptions. Thus, despite the potential negative effects of IM communication, the positive effects of using IM at work prevail. As a result, the technology can be promoted as long as employees, their managers and the organisation as a whole are well prepared. Employees can transfer skills and behaviour from the personal setting to their work environment and thus may find an intrinsic motivation to make better use of the IM technology at work.Originality/valueThe authors argue that this research model is novel for its perspective on evaluating the actual impacts of IM use at work instead of the reasons of using it. The authors conceptualise the process to explain how IM contributes to interruptions and other technostress indicators in the working context, and the impact on performance. Contrary to some prior research, the authors find that overall IM applications do not have a negative impact on work performance, and instead may enhance it.

Forensic Analysis of Web-based Instant Messenger Applications using National Institute of Justice Method

Forensic Analysis of Web-based Instant Messenger Applications using National Institute of Justice Method

Akuisisi Bukti Digital Aplikasi Pesan Instan “Bip”Menggunakan Metode National Institute Of Justice (NIJ)

Abstract 
 In the development of the industrial revolution 4.0, information is increasingly showing a great influence on human life. Smartphone technology is often used to access social media and the internet. The development of smartphones, social media, and the number of internet users in the world, especially in Indonesia, are currently being misused, one of which is crime (cybercrime), such as online prostitution, human trafficking, cyberbullying, fraud, extortion, trafficking in illegal goods, drug trafficking. Cyberbullying is an act of intentionally and repeatedly attacking, insulting, or harming other people on social media, instant messenger applications or in other ways that lead to insulting SARA. The NIJ method is a method that aims to explain how the research steps will be carried out so that the flow and research steps can be identified systematically so that they can be used as guidelines for solving existing problems. The NIJ method can be applied in uncovering cases of deleted chat messages. The process of obtaining digital evidence of deleted messages from the instant messaging application "BIP" was successfully obtained by removing evidence from the perpetrator's smartphone using the National Institute Of Justice (NIJ) method.
 Keywords: digital evidence, BIP messenger, cyberbullying, NIJ, smartphone

Reliability of Instant Messaging-Based Evaluation of Brain Imaging in Acute Stroke.

The use of instant messenger applications among physicians has become common in acute stroke management, especially in developing countries. Photos or video sequences of brain computed tomography (CT) scans are being sent to receive real-time support in assessing radiological findings. We analyzed whether instant messaging-based evaluation is precise enough to extract relevant information from the images. In this prospective study, anonymized videos and photos of CT and CT angiography scans of patients with symptoms of acute stroke were recorded from the diagnostic monitor using a smartphone. Two neurologists and 2 neuroradiologists performed evaluation of the images using WhatsApp. The gold standard was set by 2 experienced neuroradiologists who evaluated the CT images with their full radiological equipment. Statistical analysis included the calculation of Cohen kappa (κ). A total of 104 brain images (derived from 81 patients) were included. All 4 raters performed with a perfect (κ=1) interobserver reliability in diagnosing intracerebral hemorrhage. For subarachnoid hemorrhage, interobserver reliability was slightly lower (raters 1, 2, and 3, κ=1; rater 4, κ=0.88). For diagnosing stroke mimics, interobserver reliability showed considerable variations (κ between 0.32 and 1). Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score differences overall were comparable between raters and did not exceed 3 to 4 points without noticeable outliers. All raters performed with a moderate-to-substantial interobserver reliability for detecting large vessel occlusions (κ=0.48 in rater 1, κ=0.62 in rater 2, and κ=0.63 in raters 3 and 4). Stroke neurologists can reliably extract information on intracerebral hemorrhage from CT images recorded via smartphone and sent through instant messaging tools. Remote diagnosis of early infarct signs and stroke mimics was less reliable. We developed a standard for the acquisition of images, taking data protection into account.

Live Forensic to Identify the Digital Evidence on the Desktop-based WhatsApp

The live forensics method was used to acquire lawful digital evidence data from device memory in the WhatsApp application, particularly for desktop-based WhatsApp. There has been little research on live forensics on desktop-based WhatsApp applications. These studies involve mimicking crime cases in cyberspace using the Instant Messenger application. Much of the acquisition process is completed only once, even though many possible conditions may arise during the purchase process. Investigators or experts can employ digital evidence data discovery to identify crimes that have occurred. The stages of research carried out in detecting digital evidence are data collecting, the examination process, and the acquisition of analysis and reporting outcomes. During the data-gathering phase, a case simulation dataset was obtained. The examination process stage results in the integrity of the duplicated data; data reduction is performed on data related to fundamental operating system components, influential application features, and incomplete data. According to the investigation findings, there are difficulties in looking for digital evidence, and the features of each digital evidence vary. The simulation file contained many reports on the finds of digital evidence. As a data acquisition method, the characteristics of live forensics are limited to the data retrieval process in RAM. Based on these findings, it is possible to conclude that the data collection and examination processing were completed effectively. The analysis results were acquired, and the report was presented with the indicated digital evidence. Further study can be paired with chip-off procedures on RAM devices for data recovery.

The role of digital mobile technology in elderly health management among health care workers in Indonesia: Analysis of knowledge, attitudes, and practice.

BackgroundTechnology, including information and communication technology (ICT), plays a significant role in the quality of health services. However, its application in elderly health services is still lacking. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge of, attitudes toward, and practices of cell phone and mobile application use for elderly health care among Indonesian health care workers.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study conducted with health care workers in Jakarta, Indonesia. The potential subjects were contacted through instant messenger application and/or through conventional short message service or telephone calls from August through November 2020.ResultsThere were 134 subjects. All the subjects had used various health applications to assist with their daily work, including telemedicine (64.2%), guidelines (60.4%), and medical calculators (46.3%). However, 96.3% of the subjects were not aware of the existence of a health application for geriatric assessment. Furthermore, 98.5% of subjects thought that it is important to use ICT to manage geriatric patients, and 94.8% felt that comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) in digital form would help them manage geriatric patients better. Nevertheless, 35.10% of subjects had never applied CGA to their geriatric patients.ConclusionsThe current health care system has begun to enter a period of using ICT in performing health services for geriatric patients. Nevertheless, only a few Indonesian health care workers were aware of or were using the geriatric mobile application. It is essential to improve the dissemination of geriatric health care and e-health literacy among them to improve the quality of elderly health care.

RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM INFORMASI PENGELOLAAN JASA PELAMINAN (Studi Kasus : Gadih Nan Tongga Wedding)

Wedding rental services are one of the services needed at this time. Especially for the bride and groom and their families who want to hold a wedding reception that is in accordance with a predetermined schedule. The problem faced in the aisle rental system at Gadih Nan Tongga Wedding is that customers must come directly to locations far from the city center. The ordering process in addition to coming directly to the location also uses an instant messenger application, namely WhatsApp. In addition, the administration department in recording customer orders still uses a very simple way where the administration section writes the order in a book only. . Then the file can be lost or scattered, even burnt and wet and eaten by termites because the files that are made still use paper. To produce a web-based service ordering information system, the author uses the CodeIgniter framework from PHP which is based on the MVC (Model View Controller) model.

Akuisisi Bukti Digital Viber Messenger Android Menggunakan Metode National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

Viber is one of the most popular social media in the Instant Messenger application category that can be used to send text messages, make voice calls, send picture messages and video messages to other users. As many as 260 million people around the world have used this application. Increasing the number of viber users certainly brings positive and negative impacts, one of the negative impacts of this application is the use of digital forensic crime. This research simulates and removes digital crime evidence from the viber application on Android smartphones using the National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST) method, which is a method that has work guidelines on forensic policy and process standards to ensure each investigator follows the workflow the same so that their work is documented and the results can be accounted for. This study uses three forensic tools, MOBILedit Forensic Express, Belkasoft and Autopsy. The results in this study show that MOBILedit Forensic Express gets digital evidence with a percentage of 100% in getting accounts, contacts, pictures and videos. While proof of digital chat is only 50%. Belkasoft gets digital evidence with a percentage of 100% in getting accounts, contacts, pictures and videos. While proof of digital chat is only 50%. For Autopsy does not give the expected results in the extraction process, in other words the Autopsy application gives zero results. It can be concluded that MOBILedit Forensic Express and Belkasoft have a good performance compared to Autopsy and thus this research has been completed and succeeded in accordance with the expected goals.

Chat-based hotlines for health promotion: a systematic review

Chat-based hotlines use online messaging services or popular chat applications such as WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, and WeChat, to connect users to trained health providers or staff. Chat-based hotlines can provide real-time communication between health providers and patients. The evidence for chat-based hotlines for health promotion has not been reviewed systematically. Electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Database, Google Scholar) were searched to identify English-language studies describing original research published from 2009 to 2020. This review was registered with Prospero Register of Systematic Reviews (ID: CRD42020156670). Twelve publications met our criteria. Ten studies reported on user characteristics, eight on comparing use of chat-based hotlines with different modes of support, six on health outcomes and six on user satisfaction. Included studies report that chat-based hotlines have been used primarily for crisis and emotional support in high-income countries. Chat-based hotlines using instant messenger applications were preferred over other modes of services such as email, text messaging, voice calls, and face-to-face counselling. Evaluations of health outcomes, although limited in rigor due to mostly observational study designs, indicate mostly positive and statistically significant effects on mental health outcomes such as anxiety, depression, well-being and suicidality. User satisfaction with chat-based hotlines were moderately high. Chat-based hotlines may be effective ways to deliver crisis support services in high income settings. They may have the potential to be effective in low- and middle-income countries to expand the reach of mental health and crisis support services although such services have not yet been publicly evaluated.

PENERAPANA METODE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARS AND TECHNOLOGY (NIST) DALAM ANALISIS FORENSIK DIGITAL UNTUK PENANGANAN CYBER CRIME

The development of technology is currently developing very quickly, this is directly proportional to releasing cyber crime. One crime that often occurs is the case of Pornography. This application is done using one of the very popular Instant Messenger (IM) applications, the WhatsApp application. But after the crime is committed next or sending evidence in the form of conversations, video recordings, images and others committed by the suspect using the WhatsApp application. Therefore, this study proposes to find evidence related to digital pornography. This research produced a forensic procedure in conducting an investigation of the WhatsApp application to obtain previously published evidence containing a conversation session, a list of contact numbers, a profile photo of the victim and others. This research was conducted by reading a backup file of the encrypted WhatsApp application database that stores the conversation session that has been released. This research uses the method (National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This digital evidence can be obtained using one of the forensic tools namely WhtasApp Viewer. The results obtained in this study contain WhatsApp contents that have been available which can be found digitally in uncovering the crime of pornography that is happen.

Akuisisi Bukti Digital Aplikasi Viber Menggunakan Metode National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST)

The rapid development of mobile technology today is directly proportional to the development of mobile applications in it. Making it easier for people to choose and use the application as they want. This has resulted in misuse of negative things, ranging from human trafficking, drug trafficking, as well as online prostitution business. Viber is an Instant Messenger application that makes it easy for users. This application can be used to send messages, call, send photos, audio and video to others. This application has been used by 260 million people worldwide. This is the basis of research to acquire digital evidence in Viber applications. Data obtained after acquiring based on the work steps of NIST are the accounts of the perpetrators, contacts targeted by the perpetrators, call history, text messages, picture messages and videos.

Live Forensics Analysis of Line App on Proprietary Operating System

The development of computer technology is increasing rapidly. This has positive and negative effects. One of the negative effects that occurred was the use of Line applications to conduct online shop fraud. Line is one of the instant messenger applications that can be used on computers, especially on Windows 8.1 operating system computers. Applications that run on the computer leave traces of data on Random Access Memory (RAM). Data left in RAM can be obtained using digital forensic techniques, namely live forensics which is used when the computer is running and connected to the internet. This study aims to find digital evidence regarding cases of online shop fraud using the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) method. Digital evidence can be obtained using forensic tools, namely RamCapturer, FTK Imager and Winhex. RamCapturer is used to acquire data in RAM, FTK Imager is used for imaging and Winhex is used to analyze data that has been taken. The results obtained in this study were conversational recordings consisting of conversation time, conversation content and conversation status which could be digital evidence in uncovering the online shop fraud crime that occurred.

WeChat-based teaching for an immersion cultural exchange program \u2013 a case study in CFL

This paper reports on an exploratory study investigating WeChat-based learning efficiency in teaching Chinese as a foreign language (CFL). Generated from the Connectivism theory, this study aims at exploring the features of mobile-assisted teaching in an immersion CFL exchange program with the social communication app WeChat as a case in point. WeChat is a multimedia instant messenger application in China. In this two-year-long study, an action study was applied. A total of ten learners of elementary Chinese were involved. The participants received and submitted the assignment via WeChat and were asked to review language points on the weekly course posts. Their posts on WeChat Moments were recorded and then reconstructed into language learning content. This study adopted a mixed-method design. Data were collected through the course learning outcomes, an end-of-semester questionnaire, and follow-up interviews. The results show a positive reception from the learners on WeChat-based learning. This study observes (1) students’ evident linguistic development in the spontaneous expression on WeChat; (2) a substantial change toward learning with social media; (3) conscious and unconscious language input and output. Language learners reported that using WeChat (1) provided them with a better opportunity to communicate with native speakers; (2) enabled them to integrate knowledge into life; (3) helped them review class content and share thoughts more efficiently; (4) offered them a long-term supportive Chinese language community.However, the results also indicate that (1) personal preference to social media should be taken into consideration; (2) WeChat fails to foster autonomous learning in the students; (3) students’ participation and motivation declined towards the end of the program. In retrospect, monitoring and supervising WeChat usage when necessary, assigning the topics of the posts, and inspiring interest in learning language by solving real-life problems are recommended.

Identifikasi Bukti Digital WhatsApp pada Sistem Operasi Proprietary Menggunakan Live Forensics

Rapid development of computer technology is also accompanied with increasing of cybercrime. One of the most common crimes is fraud case in the online shop. This crime abuses Whatapps, one of the most popular Instant Messenger (IM) applications. WhatsApp is one of the IM applications that can be used on computers, especially on windows 8.1 operating system. All applications running on the computer leave data and information on Random Access Memory (RAM). The data and information that exist in RAM can be obtained using digital forensic technique calledLive Forensics. Live forensics can be used when the computer is running and connected to the network. This research aims to find digital evidence related to online shop fraud case. The digital evidence can be obtained using one of the forensic tools FTK Imager. FTK Imager can retrieve and analyze data and information on RAM. The results obtained in this research is the content of WhatsApp conversations that can be used as digital evidence to reveala fraud in the online shop.

Analysis and Acquisition of WeChat under Android 6.0

Smart phone allows users to exchange instant messages, as well as share videos, audio’s and images instead of relying on desktop or laptop. Consequently it increases the portability and convenience for common users. Take China for example, WeChat has become the most universal Instant Messenger application in recently several years. In the meantime, forensic technicians start to pay attention to data contained in them. Furthermore, the potential evidence could be concealed in those devices and they are generally supposed to be recovered and extracted via utilizing the proper tools. In Android 6.0 and later version, the permissions are granted in runtime instead of installation. The difficulty of acquiring data is greater than before. This paper demonstrates a method on analyzing potential evidences on Android 6.0 Devices regarding WeChat.

Materials for Measuring Instant Messenger Application Adoption: Malaysians’ Perspectives

Recently the usage of telecommunication networks in term of duration and frequency is increasing due to the invention of instant messenger applications such as WhatsApp, Blackberry Messenger (BBM), LINE, KakaoTalk, WeChat, and Telegram. Especially in Malaysia, the usage duration is the highest among the six countries in South East Asia-- Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. It is important to know the factors influence the behaviour Malaysian toward the adoption of Instant messenger application in order to increase the usage frequency and duration of application in other countries. A study of Indrawati, Raman, Ariyanti, and Chew in 2015 proposed a new modified model toward the instant messenger applications adoption which has not been tested yet. This study intents to propose a measurement material to test the model. The material of measurement was derived from previous published researches. The method to test the measurement material was a pilot study with 30 Malaysians’ respondents. The result of this study reveals that the measurement material is valid and reliable, therefore it can be used for further study.

PENILAIAN KUALITAS PEMAMPATAN CITRA PADA APLIKASI-APLIKASI INSTANT MESSENGER

Useful image compression to compress the file size of the image thus saving storage and speed up the transfer process. This study aims to measuring on the quality of the image as compressed by instant messenger application by comparing the initial image or the input image with the image compression results. The assessment is based on objective criteria by using research methods of comparative research. The objective criteria used is the compression ratio, PSNR, the quality index, and SSIM. From this research it is known that each - each instant messenger applications have a compression ratio that varies. In addition, PSNR, SSIM, and quality index are different too. From the analysis concluded that the order of the image that has a fairly high compression ratio and good quality is the Line

Energy Efficient Group Messaging for Mobile Instant Messenger Apps

Recent technology advancement in smartphones makes it the most important device in daily life communication. Instant messenger (IM) applications (apps) such as WhatsApp, WeChat, Viber and QQ messenger are gaining users demand for communication. We take data collected from WeChat and QQ which are most popular IM application as an example to investigate their traffic pattern. Based on our experimental findings, group chat messages take a larger portion in our data collected messages. We find users experiencing shorter battery life after group chat messages are in background traffic. In this paper, we look into improving group chat energy consumption. Our proposed energy efficient group chat messages support network preferences such as 3G or WiFi network. In addition, group chat traffic pattern is dependent on user status awareness, knowledge; we postponed messages over time while user is inactive and deliver postponed messages when user is active in group chats. We evaluate that our energy efficient group chat messaging achieves energy saving between 13.7% to 32% for 3G and 21% to 27% for WiFi, users.