Installation Project Research Articles

Offshore wind project installations: an advanced approach for weather risk assessments

Abstract This paper presents the development of a sequence-based simulation tool for the weather risk assessment of offshore work processes. The approach developed at the Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy Systems is the Advanced Weather Time Series Scheduling (Ad-WATSS) method. For statistical significance, this method combines hindcast weather time series of many years with the weather restrictions associated with offshore activities. The method is incorporated into the software tool COAST, where a project plan schedule is simulated by placing activities according to their operational limits, constraints and relationships, and minimum-required time for each operation. A scenario of an offshore wind installation project in the North Sea is used as reference test case for a weather risk assessment using the developed tool and ERA5 weather data. The assessment is then compared with the weather window statistics approach, based on the same weather data sets. The results from both approaches are analysed and compared on a project and task level detail. The results from the sequence-based simulations show that the method is able to capture the long-term variability and extreme events in weather conditions, making it a reliable tool for the simplification of the weather data-based planning, validation, and assessment of offshore projects.

Data Classification System for Economic Analysis after the Implementation of Separate Order Construction in the Firefighting System Installation Business

Data on the performance of the firefighting system installation business are scarce compared with other construction projects, such as electricity and information and communication projects, where separate order construction was previously practiced. This study aimed to obtain data on fire facility construction contracts by analyzing the current data, deriving improvement plans, and reviewing empirical studies on separate order construction from various construction projects, both domestically and internationally. An analysis of the data from Statistics Korea and the Public Procurement Service revealed an annual increase in the number and amount of firefighting system installation projects. In addition, the scale of the construction could be identified using separate order construction data. This study highlights cost reduction, shortened construction delay periods, and increased construction speed as the key economic review items. Based on these findings, a data classification system for the construction of firefighting facilities was proposed and categorized according to the project size, ordering organization, contractor, type of construction, construction period, and contract method.

PENERAPAN CRITICAL PATH METHOD DALAM PENJADWALAN PROYEK PEMASANGAN TANGKI STORAGE ST-1812, STUDI KASUS PADA PT. MSM

The installation of the ST-1812 storage tank aims to improve production efficiency at PT. MSM by saving costs in the use of steam from 16 hours to only 4 hours, which is used to heat the final product to temperature of 63°C according to work instructions. Critical Path Method is used to determine the optimal construction time, because this method can identify the sequence of tasks that are most critical or that have the most impact on the duration of the entire project. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal duration for implementation and completion of the ST-1812 storage tank installation project at PT MSM. The analysis of the CPM application showed that the project took 90 days to complete, with 19 activities included in the critical path. The addition of working hours (overtime) on activities on the critical path makes the project can be completed in 73 days, 17 days faster than the initial duration of the project. The initial cost of the project was IDR 66,555,000, and the cost after accelerating the project with crashing calculations was IDR 74,886,429, with a cost slope of IDR 8,331,429.

A multi-level rescheduling approach for a dynamic remote operations scheduling problem

ABSTRACT In this paper, we tackle a dynamic scheduling problem faced by a large international company. The problem involves assigning installation projects arriving over time to specialised technicians who execute them remotely. Each project consists of several tasks having processing times, release dates, and execution deadlines. The company needs to assign projects to technicians and schedule tasks complying with technicians' skills, precedence constraints between tasks, and tasks requiring multiple technicians simultaneously. The problem is dynamic as new projects and tasks become available over time, requiring their allocation to technicians. We formulate the offline problem as a mixed integer linear program that minimises the makespan, and we address the dynamic version solving restricted problems within a rolling horizon framework. The approach systematically implements different levels of schedule adjustment to incorporate new information. To study scalability, we validate our algorithm by using both real-world and synthetic simulations demonstrating its efficiency and effectiveness. Additionally, we provide interesting managerial insights for the company.

Using Convolutional Neural Networks in Installation Analysis of Lazy-Wave Flexible Risers

Abstract The design phase of offshore installation projects is supported by numerical simulations. These analyses aim to evaluate the mechanical behavior of the equipment involved, such as vessels and flexible pipes, during that operation. Therefore, a common approach is to take the ocean wave loads modeled as deterministic ones (or regular wave approach), which is a simplification that, on the one hand, allows low computational cost, but, on the other one, lacks the representation of the actual behavior of the wave loads, usually better represented by means of an irregular wave modeling. In the way of searching for an irregular wave analysis procedure to be used in the daily design of lazy-wave riser installation analyses, this work proposes an artificial neural network (ANN)-based approach. The proposed model aims to achieve it by training a convolutional neural network (CNN) fed by generated data from short-length finite element-based numerical simulations. This surrogate model can predict quite well the pipe's top tension and approximately the axial tension in the touchdown zone (TDZ) for different configuration stages during the riser's installation operation. Moreover, the proposed model works for different environmental scenarios, which boosts the computational simulation time reduction in this phase of riser design.

EVALUASI RISIKO KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA PADA PROYEK INSTALASI PIPANISASI DI PT EFE BERBASIS METODE JSA DAN HIRARC

Work accidents occur in the work environment, which can occur due to unsafe work environment conditions or human error. PT TKA is a construction services company located in the Gresik Regency, and its work specifications use fiberglass and HDPE materials. In the work activities carried out by PT TKA, several unsafe actions or unsafe conditions were found which caused accidents. This research aims to evaluate the dangers and causes of danger based on the conditions and activities of pipe installation projects based on the risk of unsafe actions and conditions. Job Safety Analysis, Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control were used as research methods. The research respondents were five expert employees on pipeline projects. The research showed that eleven stages of pipe installation project work were identified, resulting in small, medium, and large-scale hazard risks. The research results show that unsafe conditions dominate the occurrence of danger and the risk of work accidents.

Revitalising and Renovating the Visitor Experience in the Historic Piazza San Marco; Based on the Installation Project Generated by Midjourney AI

Revitalising and Renovating the Visitor Experience in the Historic Piazza San Marco; Based on the Installation Project Generated by Midjourney AI

LCA analysis of a roof mounted PV system: a Romanian case study

Using solar photovoltaic power sources has become a discussed topic in the construction and energy industry. The pressing need to reduce reliance on fossil fuels, increasing costs of traditional electricity generation, and affording photovoltaic modules has sparked a growing interest in solar photovoltaics. This study aims to optimis e the layout of solar photovoltaic systems to minimise environmental impact and building load, comparing the performing south-oriented panels with east-west-oriented panels. The comprehensive analysis performed hinges on a diverse array of determinative factors that demand thoughtful consideration before embarking upon implementing any photovoltaic installation. These salient factors, including but not limited to structural integrity, incorporating ballast for stability enhancement, integrating requisite electrical components, selecting solar panels, quantifying energy production capabilities, assessing carbon emissions, and discerning associated benefits, require thoughtful consideration before implementing any photovoltaic installation. The findings derived from this study underscore that, within the context of the given geographical location, the solar photovoltaic system configured with an East-West orientation represents the optimal choice to reduce both emissions and structural load. This study provides a scientific basis for the construction industry and the energy field and guides the future development of photovoltaic installation projects in a more economic and environmentally friendly direction.

Planning for complex decommissioning projects in Australia – Gippsland Basin case study

Over more than 50 years, safe and successful installation projects have enabled progressive development and expansion of the Gippsland Basin Joint Venture off the coast of Victoria, Australia. This has resulted in a highly integrated network of 19 offshore platforms which are now starting to progressively reach the end of their productive life and detailed planning for the first phase of decommissioning projects has increased in intensity. Decommissioning of these assets is planned to take place in a number of campaigns. The Campaign 1 Decommissioning Project includes the removal of up to 13 platforms and is likely to be the largest single project of its kind in the World. Experience of similar decommissioning projects in Australia is very limited, resulting in unprecedented challenges across many aspects of this project. This requires creative, innovative and adaptable solutions to be developed to enable an efficient execution methodology. This paper will explore the strategies, challenges and successes involved with the early planning and development phase of the Gippsland Basin Joint Venture, Campaign 1 Decommissioning Project. Key insights, from contracting, to execution planning and stakeholder engagement will be discussed, promoting sharing across the industry and improving efficiency for future decommissioning projects in Australia.

The Decision to Install a Rooftop Photovoltaic System by a Small Business: A Case Study

The potential of rooftop solar power has been identified as a main driver of clean energy adoption in an urban environment. While residential solar projects have lower capacity than commercial systems, residential solar represents most of the installation base for rooftop solar projects. Rooftop solar adoption in the commercial market lags behind residential solar installation. To better understand why this is the case, we conduct a case study of a small manufacturing firm. Based on the firm’s energy demand and the physical attributes of its location, we study a 25-kilowatt solar array using the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s (NREL) System Advisor Model (SAM). Our empirical study evaluates the economic prospects of a rooftop solar installation project for the firm under study. This analysis sheds light on the financial ramifications of the adoption of solar panels by small, commercial firms in New York state.

Perencanaan Proyek Pemasangan Jalur Pipa Angin dan Kompresor pada beberapa Mesin Produksi di PT X

A contractor is a party hired to complete a job. CV. Andhika Kencana is a contractor who has received wind pipe installation projects ranging from compressor machines to production machines. PT Compressor pipe installation is used to run automotion machines in the production area. Pressurized air is produced from the compressor which will later be connected to pipes until it reaches the automotion machines. The problem here is how to schedule pipe installation so that it is on time and in accordance with the budget that has been determined at the beginning. The methods used in this research are the Critical Path Method (CPM) and Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT). The results obtained are that the critical path in this project is activities A, B, D, F, H, I, K, M, N, O, and the probability that the wind pipe installation project can be completed in 60 days is 27.09%.

Manajemen Proyek Pengerjaan Pipa Air pada PT. X Menggunakan Metode CPM dan PERT

A project is a temporary activity that has a beginning and end specified in time and scope. To support the success of a project, project management needs to be carried out. In general, a project is held by a contractor. contractors who have the obligation to carry out work according to the plan, schedule the activities to be carried out, provide supporting tools for project implementation. One company operating in this field is CV. Andhika Kencana. Now CV. Andhika Kencana is carrying out work on several projects, one of which is the water pipe installation project at PT. X. This research aims to guarantee the water pipe installation project at PT. X is right in terms of cost, quality and time. This research uses 2 methods to analyze project work schedules, namely the Critical Path Method (CPM) and Project Evaluation And Review Technique (PERT). The results of this research show that the critical path on this project is A-B-C-D-G-H-K-L-M-N-O with different completion times. Using the CPM method, the project can be completed in a total of 65 working days, which is 1.15% faster than the normal time. Meanwhile, using the PERT method, the project can be completed in a total of 66.2 working days with a chance of 70.88%, which is 1.13% faster than the normal time.

Construction Safety Management of Mechanical and Electrical Installation Projects

Various industries today rely on the support of electromechanical equipment, expanding its scope of application and leading to an increase in electromechanical installation projects. However, due to the high level of expertise required and the potential risks involved, it is crucial to emphasize safety management during construction. This paper delves into the significance of construction safety management for electromechanical installation projects, identifies common problems encountered during construction, and proposes solutions. This analysis aims to provide relevant personnel with essential guidance and references for managing electromechanical installation projects safely.

TEACHING AND APPLYING WATER CONSUMPTION SIMULTANEITY IN RESIDENTIAL: AN ACTIVE LEARNING PROJECT-BASED ENGINEERING APPROACH

In the present project, spanning from April 2020 to August 2022, the study focused on Hydraulic Engineering I within the Civil Engineering program and the Hydrosanitary Installation Project in the Architecture program. The objectives included calculating the simultaneity coefficient and determining the maximum probable flow for each student's residence. To achieve these objectives, active learning methodologies, specifically project-based learning (PBL), were adeptly employed to enrich students' practical knowledge and foster collaboration. The process began with architectural surveys of residential properties, followed by inventories of pipes, sanitary appliances, and wet rooms. Measurements of flow rates at various faucet openings (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) were conducted, along with the recording of operating pressures within home networks. This data served as the foundation for creating calibration curves, a process carried out over 120 days. Using the collected data, each student developed a hydraulic model of their network and compared the software results to practical measurements. The participants calculated the simultaneity coefficient (Ks) and maximum possible flow for their dwellings using hydraulic design concepts and regulatory standards. The results were documented in technical reports, a video tutorial, and infographics. The research highlights the importance of understanding residential water usage patterns and their potential for optimizing water delivery systems. It also underscores the value of experiential learning, which helps students bridge theory and practice, enhancing technical skills and their understanding of hydraulic engineering.

A Review of Life Cycle Construction Process and Cutting-Edge Technology in Prefabricated MEP Installation Engineering

Prefabricated installation, a pivotal study in the realm of contemporary construction practices, delves into the utilization of prefabrication within mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) systems. Despite its ascending prominence, the domain grapples with ambiguities in application pathways, uncertain developmental trajectories, and the absence of a holistic technical paradigm. This research endeavors to bridge these gaps by conducting a thorough and multidimensional investigation into the current landscape of prefabricated MEP installation initiatives. This study meticulously dissects the paradigm from five critical vantage points: historical evolution, standards and regulations, life cycle analysis, technological applications, and corporate implementation strategies. At present, there is still a lack of standards and specifications specifically for the field of assembled MEP installation. The analysis reveals a trend towards intelligent and sustainable installation practices in prefabricated MEP projects. The research predominantly focuses on the design, production, and installation stages. Notably, building information modeling (BIM) emerges as the most prominent technology, followed by the Internet of Things (IoT) and 3D laser scanning, with extended reality (XR) technologies gaining traction. Large, state-owned construction firms are spearheading innovative applications in this realm. In summary, this paper provides an overview and outlook for the development direction and the application of cutting-edge technologies in prefabricated MEP installation projects, with the aim of supporting the industry’s advancement.

Revisiting young masculinities through a sound art installation: What really counts?

What Really Counts? was a sound art installation created in 2019 through a collaboration between a sociologist and a multidisciplinary artist, working with in-depth interviews with young men recorded as part of a British feminist social research project in 1990, exploring sexualities and the threat of HIV/AIDS. In this article, we describe the evolution and staging of the sound art installation project, situating it within interdisciplinary literatures on the use of sociological archives and reanimation of analogue media in a digital age. Working within a fractured tradition of curated sociology, we consider the potential of interdisciplinary collaboration for refreshing sociological analytic practice, revealing the unrealised potential of archived data sets and utilising temporal displacement as a generative analytic strategy for feeling history. We are working with a 30-year time span characterised by a stretching of intergenerational experience in relation to expectations for and mediation of sex/gender. The project attempts to realise the potential for an experimental sociological practice through the staging of open-ended past–present encounters.

Construction Technology of Lightning Protection Devices in Building Electrical Installation Engineering

To better improve the electrical safety of buildings and fulfill the role of lightning protection and grounding, this article combines cases and discusses seven aspects of lightning protection devices’ construction technology. These aspects include the lightning protection classification of buildings, air terminals, down conductors, grounding devices, division of lightning protection zones, and lightning electromagnetic pulse shielding. Through the introduction of this article, readers can gain a comprehensive understanding of the application and value of lightning protection grounding construction technology in building electrical installation projects.

Risk Interdependency Network Model for the Cost and Time of Pile Installation in Saudi Arabia, Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling

Pile construction projects cause significant time and expense overruns. The pile installation activity is the primary reason for project underperformance and uncertainties. Additionally, the risks associated with pile installation are mostly considered independent in the overall risk management process, leading to inadequate risk assessment and response. However, few studies have evaluated the risks associated with pile installation. Thus, this study aims to establish the risks of the time and cost of pile installation, using an interdependency network model with a particular emphasis on sand and rocky terrain conditions. In addition, this study introduces a new method for establishing a model that considers the interrelationships among risks via a partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM). The research methodology involves assessing the probability and impact of 53 risk factors of pile installation time and cost. Twelve pile construction experts participated in this assessment. Then, a Monte Carlo Simulation was utilized before the data were integrated into the PLS-SEM. The research findings reveal that the site and economic risks indirectly affect the cost of installing pile in sand through construction risks. Also, the risk group comprising site and equipment risks indirectly affects the cost of installing pile in rock through design risks. This study’s findings will help construction organizations to improve time and cost risk assessments for pile installation projects.

Experimental investigation on service safety and reliability of full-scale HMPE fiber slings for offshore lifting operations

In recent years, high modulus polyethylene (HMPE) fiber slings have been increasingly used in marine transportation and installation projects due to their numerous advantages including lighter than steel ropes, easily handling operation, and no fish hooks et al. Due to the complex behavior of fiber ropes, an effective bedding-in method is necessary to proposed to stabilize the sling length and ensure the safety and reliability of offshore lifting operations. This study proposes a detailed procedures and techniques for evaluating the creep behaviors and load elongation properties of full-scale slings with a normal breaking strength of 10,000 kN. The experimental results reveal that the HMPE exhibits the viscoelastic-viscoplastic behavior and load history effect. Based on the experimental results, the crucial mechanical parameters such as Young's modulus and static stiffness of the HMPE sling are established. A bedding-in procedure of HMPE slings is proposed to remove the structural elongation and to ensure the stability of the length of the sling. The present results have been applied and verified on the evaluation of the slings in Sewol Salvage Engineering. The results can serve as a reference for the application of HMPE slings in offshore lifting operations.

Evaluation of Time, Cost, and Factors Causing Delay of Grounding and Lightning Protection Installation Project

The problem faced by one of the private construction companies in Jakarta, Indonesia is the delay in completing the grounding and lightning protection installation project. This delay resulted in both material and immaterial losses for the company. Factors that are thought to cause delays in this grounding and lightning protection installation project include man, machine, material, and environment factors. The method used in this research is the Critical Path Method (CPM) and Crashing method to accelerate the project duration and determine the effective time and cost that can be used to complete the grounding and lightning protection installation project and the root cause analysis method with fishbone diagrams and 5 why analysis as tools to find out the root causes of problems and formulate corrective actions that may be taken by the company. The most effective and efficient acceleration alternative in terms of time and cost that can be applied by the company is the alternative of additional labour. The additional labour alternative is able to reduce the duration of work with the smallest additional cost compared to other alternatives. Meanwhile, the factors that cause delays in project work can be seen from the root causes of each factor. The root cause of each factor is then used as the basis for formulating corrective actions that can be taken by the company.