Installation Of Photovoltaic Power Plants Research Articles

Fotovoltaické elektrárny ve víru veřejných zájmů

Europe is undergoing a massive transition to electricity generation from renewable energy sources. Photovoltaic power plants, representing one of the main renewable energy sources, require a lot of space, which is why agricultural land and building roofs are considered to be most suitable for such projects. However, performed analysis in the field of agricultural land, landscape or cultural heritage protection has shown that other public interests often constitute an important obstacle to the development of photovoltaic power plants, especially when the values represented by these interests are significantly affected by the project. The aim of this paper is to identify such cases, in addition to situations where the installation of photovoltaic power plants would be compatible with these public interests.

Influence of Development Regulations in Protected Areas on the Installation of Photovoltaic Power Plants

Influence of Development Regulations in Protected Areas on the Installation of Photovoltaic Power Plants

Hybrid Generation of Existing Wind Power Plants with Additional Installation of Photovoltaic Power Plants

Abstract The paper describes the possibility of hybrid electricity generation in already existing wind power plants (WPP) by additional installation of photovoltaic power plants (PVPP) on individual wind turbines (WT). Wind turbines have the lowest generation of electricity in the summer months, while PVPPs have the opposite, the highest generation in those months. Connecting the PVPP to the existing WT (hybrid electricity generation) brings a more even generation and a greater degree of use of the infrastructure of the existing wind farms (HV/MV transformer station, medium voltage cable distribution...). This way the variation of generation in relation to the average annual generation is reduced, which reduces the problems of balancing electricity.

A PHOTOVOLTAIC PARK’S PERFORMANCE ON THE ISLAND OF CRETE

The favorable climate conditions of the island of Crete and the recent legislation for the utilization of renewable energy sources, provide a substantial incentive for the installation of photovoltaic power plants. In this paper, the grid-connected photovoltaic park (PV park) of C. Rokas SA in Sitia, Crete is presented and its performance is evaluated. The photovoltaic park has a peak power of 170 kWp, and has been in operation since 2002. The park is suitably monitored for a one year internal and the performance ratio and the various power losses (temperature, soiling, internal network, power electronics, grid availability & interconnection) are calculated. The PV Park supplied 230 MWh to the grid during 2007, ranging from 335 kWh to 870 kWh per day. The final yield (YF) ranged from 2 h/d to 5 h/d and the performance ratio (PR) ranged from 58 % to 73 %, giving an annual PR of 67,36 %.

Operation of synthetic inertia units in electric power systems of various densities

This study is aimed at improving the efficiency of photovoltaic plants operated in the electric networks of various densities by adjusting the synthetic inertia algorithm and automatic frequency control circuits. To this end, the automatic control system of a photovoltaic plant was investigated using hybrid modelling methods in an all-mode online simulation complex of electric power systems. It was shown that the stability of photovoltaic power plants could be improved through the use of synthetic inertia. According to the conducted research, effective operation of this algorithm can be ensured by a correct determination of the bandwidth of automatic frequency control. Operation of this automatic frequency control circuit can lead to the oscillations of various frequencies during the installation of photovoltaic power plants in low-current electrical networks (electrical networks with the short circuit coefficient of less than 10 a.u.) and, subsequently, negatively affect the operability of the synthetic inertia algorithm. In addition, in high-current networks with an increased bandwidth of the automatic frequency control unit, the value of the network frequency reduction decreases (optimal bandwidth of 50 Hz). Conversely, in low-current networks, the automatic frequency control unit, under an increase in the bandwidth, decreases the response rate of the synthetic inertia algorithm, which leads to an increase in the frequency reduction value (optimal bandwidth of 0.3 Hz). Thus, the conducted investigations showed that the automatic frequency control circuit in the control system of a photovoltaic power plant can be used to alter the operation of the synthetic inertia algorithm. However, the nature of this effect depends on the electrical network density and can be both positive and negative. The effect observed in the tested power system was confirmed for a real-dimension power system.

Mapping photovoltaic power plants in China using Landsat, random forest, and Google Earth Engine

Abstract. Photovoltaic (PV) technology, an efficient solution for mitigating the impacts of climate change, has been increasingly used across the world to replace fossil fuel power to minimize greenhouse gas emissions. With the world's highest cumulative and fastest built PV capacity, China needs to assess the environmental and social impacts of these established PV power plants. However, a comprehensive map regarding the PV power plants' locations and extent remains scarce on the country scale. This study developed a workflow, combining machine learning and visual interpretation methods with big satellite data, to map PV power plants across China. We applied a pixel-based random forest (RF) model to classify the PV power plants from composite images in 2020 with a 30 m spatial resolution on the Google Earth Engine (GEE). The resulting classification map was further improved by a visual interpretation approach. Eventually, we established a map of PV power plants in China by 2020, covering a total area of 2917 km2. We found that most PV power plants were situated on cropland, followed by barren land and grassland, based on the derived national PV map. In addition, the installation of PV power plants has generally decreased the vegetation cover. This new dataset is expected to be conducive to policy management, environmental assessment, and further classification of PV power plants. The dataset of photovoltaic power plant distribution in China by 2020 is available to the public at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6849477 (Zhang et al., 2022).

Efekti izgradnje FN elektrana u proizvodnim pogonima Rudnika uglja "Kreka" u Tuzli

The use of renewable energy sources is imposed as an imperative for the competitiveness and stable energy policy of companies. The basic production equipment in the "Kreka" coal mine in Tuzla has electrical plants with a total peak load of 12 MW, and the costs for electrical energy exceed €3.5 million annually. The paper analyzes the suitability of infrastructure facilities and devastated areas of the Kreka Coal Mine in Tuzla for the construction of photovoltaic power plants and the effects of such plants. The results of the analysis show a significant resource for the installation of photovoltaic power plants with a capacity of 230 MW. The production of electricity from these photovoltaic power plants enables a reduction of emissions into the air by 190 t/year of particle emissions, by 316.2 •103 t/year of CO2 emissions, by 58.15 t/year of SO2 emissions and by 251.9 t/year of emissions NOx. With the subsidized purchase of electricity, it is possible to return the investment within 6 years.

Site Suitability Analysis for Photovoltaic Power Plant Using Geographical Information System

Among the various renewable energy resources, solar energy potential is vastly and freely available in our country. Solar energy offers a clean, climate-friendly, abundant and inexhaustible energy resource to mankind. The costs of solar energy have been falling rapidly and are entering new areas of competitiveness. Solar Thermal Electricity (STE) and Solar Photo Voltaic Electricity (SPV) are becoming competitive against conventional electricity generation in tropical countries. In conventional methods, site selection based on integrating various performance indicators such as Temperature, DNI, Sunshine hours, Slope, Aspect and Land use are difficult. GIS provides an integrated approach to combine several factors and provides different scenarios for decision making. This paper describes the suitable site selection for installation of photovoltaic power plants using GIS. It involves three stages: the first stage requires the selection of study area based on power crisis in different districts. The second stage includes preparation of the layers such as Direct Normal Irradiance, Temperature, Sun Shine Hours Land use / land cover, Slope and Aspect for study area and at final stage weights for each layer is calculated with the help of Analytical Hierarchy Process and suitable sites for installation of photovoltaic power plants are derived using suitability analysis in GIS environment.

Citizen Participation to Finance PV Power Plants Focused on Self-Consumption on Company Roofs—Findings from an Austrian Case Study

Despite large amounts of available roof space, long pay-back periods for investments in photovoltaic (PV) power plants often hinder PV installations in industrial parks. Photovoltaic citizen participation initiatives (PV-CPI) are an alternative way of financing PV power plants that add non-financial benefits to these investments. This paper analyzed the feasibility of the installation of PV power plants focused on high rates of self-consumption financed by citizen participation initiatives on the roofs of five companies located in the Austrian Ennshafen industrial business park based on the net present value and the discounted pay-back period and compared it to a standard financing scheme, assuming a predetermined interest rate for participants as well as economies of scale with respect to the specific installation costs due to a joint purchase of the PV power plants. To calculate the feasibility, site-specific data and literature input have been used. The results show that despite an interest rate above the current interest rates of conservative forms of investments provided to (small-scale) investors, a payback-period of 17–23 years can be reached while the joint purchase can lead to a competitive feasibility of the PV-CPI compared to an individual purchase of PV power plants.

DESIGN AND SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF 1 MWP GRID-CONNECTED PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM AT GAZIANTEP AIRPORT, TURKEY

The use of photovoltaic power plants is gradually increasing in order to reduce energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions at airports. Airports are suitable settlements for the installation of photovoltaic power plants as they have vast and free of shade areas that are not used in aviation activities. In this study, a 1 MWp photovoltaic power plant is proposed for Gaziantep Airport, Turkey. Performance, economic and environmental benefits of the proposed system were analyzed using the PVsyst simulation tool developed by the University of Geneva in Switzerland. The study demonstrates that Gaziantep Airport is suitable to installation of a grid-connected photovoltaic system and has a high solar energy resource. The proposed photovoltaic power plant at Gaziantep Airport is predicted to operate with an annual electricity generation of 1702.09 MWh, 78.6 % annual average performance ratio (PR), 19.43 % average capacity factor (CF) and 4.67 [h/d] annual average daily final yield.

Multi-criteria decision-making model for assessment of large photovoltaic farms in Brazil

The decision of the location for the installation of photovoltaic power plants is a critical issue for large-scale projects due to climatic aspects, the proximity to other facilities, and the presence of protected environmental areas. The objective of this study is to propose a model capable of indicating the best location for the implantation of large-scale photovoltaic plants. According to the proposed modeling, the relevant factors were identified to be considered in the choice of the ideal place, which were combined with the GIS-MCDM tools. The analysis of the areas was processed by the gvSIG software, using AHP methods for the weighting of the factors and TOPSIS for ranking the alternatives. In application of this model, a total of 453 areas were identified that could receive a large photovoltaic installation, equivalent to 1823.35 km2 of the study area. Among these study areas, according to our model rating, 67.23% of them are inadequate, 0.52% is good, 12.34% are very good, and only 19.91% are excellent. Since the areas considered excellent are concentrated in the extreme south of the analyzed region, a place of low index of slope and near the substation. In order to validate the quality of the solution obtained by the proposed model was applied a detailed analysis with two scenarios. In the first one are used weights equal to all the criteria and in the second, the MAUT method was applied to rank the alternatives. The modeling proposed in this paper combining with GIS-MCDM is applicable to similar investigations in other regions and also to evaluate the spatial adequacy of other renewable energy technologies.

Parameters extraction of three-diode photovoltaic model using computation and Harris Hawks optimization

The accurate electrical modeling of photovoltaic (PV) module is vital due to the extensive installation of photovoltaic power plants. Therefore, the scientists suggested a three-diode photovoltaic (TDPV) model for precise modeling of PV losses. However, TDPV is a complex and nonlinear model that contains nine unknown parameters. Hence, this paper presents a new method that is combining the computation and Harris Hawk Optimization (HHO) algorithm to extract the unknown parameters of the TDPV model. Also, this paper exhibits a new objective function based on the datasheet values instead of using extensive experiments for PV modeling for time-saving. The industrialists provided the datasheet values of PV modules at standard test conditions (STC) and normal operating cell temperature (NOCT). Therefore, this paper utilized these data to compute four parameters using equations and identify the remaining five parameters using the HHO algorithm. In this paper, the offered method is employed to find the TDPV model of two commercial PV panels, such as multi-crystal KC200GT and monocrystalline CS6K280M. After that, the I–V and P–V curves of these TDPV models plotted and compared with the curves of the measured data under different temperatures and solar irradiations. Moreover, the absolute current error of the proposed method compared with that obtained by using other methods. Accordingly, the results revealed that the proposed method is efficient and can be easily applied to identify the electrical parameters of any commercial PV panel based on the datasheet values only.

Prerequisites for using solar potential to supply power to consumers in the central ecological area of the Baikal natural territory

We address the possibility for using solar potential to supply power to consumers in the central ecological zone of the Baikal natural territory, given its special conservation status. Based on an analysis of observations made during expeditions, we revealed the specific features of the location of the settlements and the sites where solar equipment is installed. The considered territory was zoned based on an analysis of the solar potential parameters. The paper presents the priority areas for the solar potential implementation for energy purposes, with a focus on the potential sites for installation of photovoltaic power plants and solar heating systems. Key words: total solar radiation, sunshine duration, annual distribution of direct and diffuse radiation, priority areas of solar potential implementation, effects of solar plants

A novel framework for the potential assessment of utility-scale photovoltaic solar energy, application to eastern Iran

This paper presents a framework to assess the potential of photovoltaic solar energy for utility-scale installations. In order to achieve this purpose, the framework incorporates spatial planning and performance simulation of photovoltaic power systems into the potential assessment process. Birjand County where is a suitable region for the deployment of photovoltaic technologies because of its climatic conditions was selected asa case study. The installation of solar power plants asa subset of infrastructure facilities should have the conformity to the standards of land-use planning. At the first step, the set of factors (27 criteria) influencing on the site selection of photovoltaic power plants was defined. After the detection of unsuitable areas, they were excluded from the county map by Boolean logic. Remaining areas were rated based on the technical, socio-economic, environmental criteria by using different fuzzy membership functions. Then, these rated areas were mapped. To determine the optimal sites for the grid-connected installations of photovoltaic, the fuzzified maps were overlaid by fuzzy gamma operator. Then, the pixels of final map were classified into five groups regarding to their fuzzy value. The results show that optimal places for the installation of photovoltaic power plants account for 0.5 percent (2005 hectares) of Birjand’s territory. The results of geo-spatial modeling of this thesis were verified by using satellite images. To estimate the capacity of electricity production from photovoltaic power plants, a 46.2kW- photovoltaic installation was designed and its performance and energy output was simulated under climatic and geographical conditions of Birjand. The estimated energy output of photovoltaic power plants in optimal sites of Birjand County (1781.6GWh/year) not only can supply the electrical demand of Southern Khorasan Province but also, the excess generated electricity can export to other provinces and neighboring countries such as Pakistan and Afghanistan.

A profitability assessment of small-scale photovoltaic systems in an electricity market without subsidies

The installation of photovoltaic power plants in 2015 compared to 2014 registered a growth of 25.6%, reaching a cumulative power equal to 229GW. In developed solar markets, as many European countries, the sector is pushed by the alignment between the electric power demanded and the one offered. Consequently, self-consumption makes consumers active players of the energy transition. Italy is evaluated as a case study in this paper, in fact is the first country in the world where solar energy contributes largely to the national energetic demand.This paper aims to evaluate photovoltaic systems in residential sector without subsidies. Economic and environmental results are proposed and the indicators used are Net Present Value, Discounted Payback Time and Reduction in the Emissions of Carbon Dioxide. Three sizes (3kW, 6kW and 20kW) are evaluated. In addition, a sensitivity analysis of critical variables (investment cost, annual electricity purchase price, annual electricity sales price, opportunity cost, tax deduction unitary, period of fiscal deduction, average annual insolation and percentage of energy self-consumption) demonstrates the robustness of the economic results. Also for environmental evaluation, alternative scenarios are proposed varying the value of emissions released by source energy analysed (photovoltaic, coal, oil and gas).Economic and environmental results suggest that small-scale photovoltaic systems can support the transition towards a sustainable energy mix.

Performance analysis of a grid connected photovoltaic park on the island of Crete

The favorable climate conditions of the island of Crete and the recent legislation for utilization of renewable energy sources provide a substantial incentive for installation of photovoltaic power plants. In this paper, the grid connected photovoltaic park of C. Rokas SA in Sitia, Crete, is presented, and its performance is evaluated. The photovoltaic park has a peak power of 171.36 kW p and has been in operation since 2002. The park is suitably monitored during 1 year, and the performance ratio and the various power losses (temperature, soiling, internal, network, power electronics, grid availability and interconnection) are calculated. The PV park supplied 229 MW h to the grid during 2007, ranging from 335.48 to 869.68 kW h. The final yield ( Y F) ranged from 1.96 to 5.07 h/d, and the performance ratio (PR) ranged from 58 to 73%, giving an annual PR of 67.36%.