Inside Pages Research Articles

Media Frames of the Operation of JTF and the Implications for Civilian Involvement in the Fight Against Terrorism in North-East, Nigeria

This research, which examined newspaper framing of the operations of Civilian JTF in combating terrorism in North-East Nigeria between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2019, was aimed at filling the gap in existing literature on newspaper framing of civilian efforts in combating terrorism in Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to find out the dominant frames and sources of news frames used in reporting civilian JTF's involvement in fighting terrorism as well as the interpretations that media frames gave on the issue. Using framing theory, the work undertook a content analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis (involving textual analysis) of four national newspapers: Vanguard, Punch, Daily Trust and Leadership. These newspapers were chosen because they have national spread and are regularly published over a period of time. Using simple random sampling, the study sampled a total of 432 issues of the selected newspapers and found that the reports from the selected newspapers on the involvement and operations of civilian JTF in combating terrorism in Nigeria were frequent. Out of the 432 issues of the selected newspapers, 309 (71.5%) issues were on the topic under study. It also found that the newspapers did not give prominence to the issue under investigation as the majority (68.2%) of the news items were hidden in inside pages. In addition, it was also found that the newspaper emphasized the military/government frame. Findings from the textual analysis revealed that the sampled newspapers all gave different manners of approach in their interpretation of the involvement of the Civilian JTF in the fight against terrorism, which resulted in emerging thematic frames such as: Victory frame, Fear frame, Relief frame and Strategy frame. Therefore, the work recommended that Nigerian newspapers should not only increase their reportage of governments/civilian efforts at combating terrorism but also place news items on terrorism prominently. It equally suggested that the press should improve their investigative reporting so as to help the government and civilian efforts in combating terrorism.

Comparative Study of Hate Speech in the 2015 and 2019 General Elections in Three Selected Newspapers in Nigeria

The recent trend in journalism malpractice in the country is the dissemination of hate speech and vulgar language. Within this context, the paper analyzed the manifestation of hate speech in the 2015 and 2019 general elections in the Daily Trust, The Nation, and The Guardian newspapers. The variables of frequency, location, direction, as well as a journalistic genre were used to examine the manifestation of hate speech in the 2015 and 2019 general elections by the selected newspapers. Stratified random sampling by days of the week was used to select the editions in the newspapers. The Functional Theory of Campaign Discourse and Critical Race Theory was used as the theoretical framework. Based on the findings, to table the manifestation of hate speech was more frequent in 2015 than in the 2019 general elections by the selected newspapers. The findings reveal that the manifestation of hate speech by the selected newspapers in the 2015 and 2019 general elections was significantly high in the inside pages than in the front and back pages. The study found that the manifestation of hate speech by the selected newspapers was in a negative direction in 2015, and in a neutral direction in 2019. The study discovered that the manifestation of hate speech was on political news by the selected newspapers in the 2015 and 2019 general elections in Nigeria. The paper concludes that the manifestation of hate speech in the 2015 and 2019 general elections in Nigeria was significantly high, and this constituted a major problem in the 2015 and 2019 general elections.

Exploration Into Usage, Frequency, and Prominence of Propaganda Devices by Political Parties in Nigerian Newspapers During the 2019 Electioneering Campaigns

The study explored the usage, frequency and prominence of placements of propaganda devices by All Progressives Congress and People’s Democratic Party in select Nigerian newspapers during the 2019 electioneering campaigns. Content analysis design was used. Sample size of 288 was drawn from a population of 1,096 daily and weekly editions of four national newspapers in Nigeria between July 2018 and March 2019. Systematic sampling technique and intercoder reliability of 92% were used. The study found that propaganda devices were effectively used by political parties with grave implications for the processes of political communications in Nigeria. The most used propaganda devices were name-calling and bandwagon while the least used was transfer. These appeared more daily, placed in the front and inside pages, and helped to advance the tenets of agenda-setting and propaganda theories. It concluded that the usage, frequency, and prominence of placements of propaganda devices are effectually important in the entire process of electioneering, coverage, and mobilization, but recommended a professional use of propaganda to mitigate its reference as a negative tool of communication.

Newspaper depiction of mental illness in Nigeria.

Mental illness is fast becoming a leading cause of global disease burden, yet this aspect of public health remains highly neglected in Nigeria. The public relies on newspapers for diverse information needs and the way newspapers portray mental illness-related issues tends to sway public perception of such ailments. This study examined the level of media attention and prime discursive resources utilized by newspapers to depict mental illness-related issues from 2015 to 2019. Using a qualitative approach and ethnographic design, the study analyzed the manifest contents of three major Nigerian national newspapers selected through a multistage sampling technique. Data collection was done using a coding spreadsheet that reflected relevant content categories and units of analysis. Of the 920 health articles analyzed, only 79 (8.6%) articles discussed mental illness. Also, 84.8% of all mental illness-related articles were tucked in the inside pages of the newspapers and 58.2% of the stories were reported using the conventional straight news. The negative themes of suicide (36.7%) and substance abuse (32.9%) were the prime discursive resources that echoed in many of the analyzed articles. Overall, mental illness-related issues were grossly under-reported by Nigerian newspapers when compared to other health issues, and wrong media depiction of the problem remains a risk factor. Hence, Nigerian newspapers must strive toward setting better agenda that will actuate necessary policy actions from health stakeholders by providing adequate coverage and positive representation of mental illness-related issues.

YEREL BASINDA TURİZM HABERLERİ TARAMASI: MEDYA KEŞAN GAZETESİ ÖRNEĞİ

YEREL BASINDA TURİZM HABERLERİ TARAMASI: MEDYA KEŞAN GAZETESİ ÖRNEĞİ

The Pioneer Newspaper and the Coverage of Rural Development Issues in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

This study was designed to assess how ThePioneer newspaper covered rural development issues in Akwa Ibom State from 1st January to December 31st 2021. The content analysis research method was used and population of the study was 122 issues which 55 issues served as the sample size. Ten content categories were identified: education, politics, business/economy, agriculture, health, science/technology, crime/security, environment, religion and welfare. Units of analysis were news, features, comments/opinions, interviews, pictures and tables/illustrations. The findings revealed that rural development issues in Akwa Ibom State did not enjoy any appreciable form of prominence (front page) from The Pioneer newspaper as only 12 and 8 (4% and 2.6%) news stories appeared on the front and back pages of the newspaper respectively while 287 (93.5%) reports on rural development issues were on the inside pages of the newspaper. Second, rural development issues did not feature frequently in the newspaper as only 17% of each issue was devoted to rural development issues. Third, rural development issues were not in-depthly reported with only 842 (25.5%) paragraphs published in feature articles, 1834 (55.3%) for news stories, while 525 (15.8%) and 112 (3.4%) paragraphs were on interviews and comments/opinions respectively. Based on the findings, it is recommended that newspapers should give prominence, frequency and depth to the coverage of the rural development issues in other to help set the agenda for discourse and also fulfil their sacred social responsibility to society as it is expected.

Spitting at Jim Crow

Spitting at Jim Crow

How Informed are They? Coverage of Prostate Cancer Issues by Select Mainstream Newspapers in Nigeria

This paper focused on coverage of prostate cancer issues by select mainstream newspapers in Nigeria. The aims were to: Find out the frequency of coverage given to prostate cancer issues in Nigerian newspapers, determine the level of prominence given to prostate cancer issues in Nigerian newspapers and ascertain the story formats that are predominant in the coverage of prostate cancer issues in Nigerian newspapers. This study adopted content analysis method and two mainstream newspapers were selected in Nigeria; The Guardian and Vanguard newspapers. The period of study was six months (March 1st to August 31st, 2022). The findings revealed that the select newspapers did not report prostate cancer issues adequately and frequently in Nigerian newspapers. Further findings showed that 88% of the stories on prostate cancer were placed on the inside pages of the newspapers. Thus, the issue was not given prominence. Also, straight news format was predominantly used by the two newspapers in reporting prostate cancer in Nigeria. The study concludes that prostate cancer issues were not given adequate coverage and prominence during the period of study in Nigerian newspapers. Against this backdrop, the researchers recommended that Nigerian newspapers should report more news stories on prostate cancer in Nigeria using feature news format and in-depth interpretation. This will make the public to be informed and educated, thereby taking precautionary measures to curtail or prevent prostate cancer.

Food promotion in supermarket promotional circulars: an analysis of the cover and internal content

Objective. To analyze food promotion on the cover and inside pages of supermarkets circulars. Methods. Promotional circulars data were collected from five supermarket chains in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) in August 2019. Food was categorized according to the NOVA classification: fresh food or minimally-processed food (FF/MPF), processed culinary ingredients, processed food, and ultra-processed food (UPF). The density of the food groups on the cover and inside pages of circulars was calculated, and the comparison was performed using paired T-test or paired Wilcoxon test, depending on the normality and homogeneity of the data distribution. Results. A total of 59 circulars were analyzed and 7665 foods were identified, of which 55.6% UPF and 27.7% FF/MPF. FF/MPF are more present on the cover while the UPF are more present on the inside pages of the circulars. Conclusion. The cover of circulars does not reflect the entire contents. On the cover, foods with better nutritional profile are more present than inside of the circulars. It is necessary to develop government programs that regulate the promotion of foods in supermarkets circulars.

Comparative Analysis of Anti-corruption Reporting by Daily Trust and the Nation Newspapers in the First and Second Tenure of Nigeria’s Muhammadu Buhari Government

Studies on corruption coverage by newspapers in Nigeria during the Buhari administration focused on broad corruption issues, his first tenure, and almost zero studies on anti-corruption during his ongoing second tenure to lapse in 2023. This study aims to examine anti-corruption reporting by two Nigerian newspapers, Daily Trust and The Nation, within the first and second tenures of the Buhari administration. The study content-analyzed 475 editorial contents covering the first year in each of the first and second tenures (2015/2016 and 2019/2020). Findings revealed that The Nation reported more stories on anti-corruption than the Daily Trust in both the first and second tenures. However, both newspapers recorded a significant drop in corruption coverage in the second tenure. News stories took the lead in the first and second tenures, with 72.4% and 84.4%, respectively. The study found that both newspapers published more front and back page contents in the first tenure than in the second tenure, but published less front and back page reports on corruption compared to reports on the inside pages during the period of study. The newspapers also published more stories, measuring more than 100 lines during the second tenure than the first. In contrast, more uncritical reports of anti-corruption were published in the first tenure than in the second by the two. The study concluded that poor investigative journalism drive, among other factors, was responsible for the decline in corruption reports, especially during the 2019/2020 period. It recommends that newspapers strive not to allow ethno-religious interests to influence editorial responses on corruption and increase their investigative journalism drive to win the corruption war in the country.

Content Analysis of Hate Speech in the 2019 General Elections in Three Nigerian Newspapers

All over the world, hate speech represents a form of threat to damage the lives of individuals and increase the sense of fear in entire communities. The recent trend in journalism malpractice in the country is the dissemination of hate speech and vulgar language. In this perspective, the study examined the manifestation of hate speech in the 2019 general elections in the Daily Trust, The Nation and The Guardian newspapers. The variables of frequency, location, direction as well as journalistic genre were used to examine the manifestation of hate speech in the 2019 general elections by the selected newspapers. Stratified random sampling by days of the week was used to select the editions in the three newspapers. Critical Race Theory and Critical Discourse Analysis were used as theoretical framework. Based on the findings, the study discovered that the manifestation of hate speech was more frequent on Daily Trust, follow by The Guardian in the 2019 general elections. The findings reveals that the manifestation of hate speech by the selected newspapers in 2019 general elections was significantly high in the inside pages than front and back pages. The paper also found that the manifestation of hate speech by the selected newspapers was in neutral direction in the 2019 general elections. The study concludes that hate speech is a globally-endorsed paradigm and the press, as an important institution in the democratic process plays a key role during elections. As the Fourth Estate of the Realm, the press provides the platform for narratives and discourses in the service of elections, political negotiations and other features of the contestations among politicians and other civil organizations involved in election administration. Keywords: Direction: Frequency: Hate Speech: Journalistic Genre: Prominence.

MAINSTREAM NEWSPAPERS COVERAGE OF AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY ISSUES: A STUDY OF DAILY TRUST AND THE NATION NEWSPAPERS

Mainstream newspapers’ coverage of biotechnology issues has overtime attracted the attention of media scholars. This study examined select newspaper’s coverage of Agricultural Biotechnology issues in Nigeria. The study relied on quantitative content analysis of the news stories of 2 Nigerian newspapers (Daily Trust and The Nation newspapers). The study analysed contents of the select newspapers between the periods of September 2018 to March 2019. The study is anchored on the Agenda setting theory. Findings from the study showed that the two newspapers (Daily Trust and The Nation) have not given adequate coverage to the issues of Agricultural Biotechnology as they were episodic in their reportage of the issue. The newspapers were unable to do this because most of the reports on Agricultural Biotechnology are in the form of news writing, paying little attention to the analysis of risks or benefits that lies therein. It was also found that the selected newspapers accorded low prominence to the issues on Agricultural Biotechnology with the placement of a majority of such stories on the inside pages and far less on the front and back pages. In a nutshell, the study found out that the Newspapers studied have been unsuccessful in their role to communicate to the public on the benefits or otherwise of Agricultural Biotechnology. Thus, it was concluded that Daily Trust and The Nation newspapers adopted a similar pattern in the reportage of Agricultural Biotechnology issues during this period with the way they reported these issues in their respective pages. The study recommends that media; both print and broadcast, which have the capacity of shaping public debate and discourse among citizens should be analytic and should dedicate more space and time when reporting core issues on Agricultural Biotechnology in Nigeria.

GENDER SENSITIVE FASHION ARTICLES IN THE LIFESTYLE SECTION OF THREE PHILIPPINES NATIONAL BROADSHEETS

This paper aims to render the coverage on gender-based on the subject matters of the fashion articles in the lifestyle section of three national broadsheets. Three national broadsheets served as the primary sources of data in this paper namely the Philippine Daily Inquirer, Philippine Star, and Manila Bulletin. A total of ninety issues of broadsheets within thirty days, from February 1 to March 2, 2017, were gathered. Specifically, only the lifestyle section and its fashion-related content were analyzed. Descriptive Statistics was used to interpret data. Based on the results The three broadsheets covered more fashion articles for women (32, 73%) than for men (12, 27%). The majority of the usage of terms (32, 94%) and photos (71, 89%) in woman's articles were treated gender-sensitive. All the contents on man's fashion articles are gender-sensitive in both usages of terms and photos. Woman's fashion articles were mostly located on the inside pages of the lifestyle section (15, 47%) while the man's fashion articles can be found mostly on the first page of the lifestyle section. Women's fashion articles are frequently published at 51 -60 column inches while 31-40 and 41-50 column inches are the least spaces allocated to the articles. In man's fashion articles, 51-60 column inches is allocated to articles and both 21-30 and 61-70 column inches are the least occupied. In terms of the interview, the interviewee stated that she is affected by the fashion contents published in the broadsheet Philippine Daily Inquirer. According to her, seeing models wear clothes beautifully makes me feel that if wear those, I'd be the same. I feel that I can be more feminine and confident as a woman. On gender identity, she reared that, You wear clothes that fit your gender identity and do things that let you express yourself as a woman. When asked about fashion and societal gender norms, the interviewee responded Fashion starts with the fashion gurus and then people adopt it. At the same time, these gurus are also inspired by the people's wants and gender norms in society. And so it's a give and takes relationship.

COVERAGE OF CONSUMERISM IN THREE SELECTED NIGERIAN MAINSTREAM NEWSPAPERS

This study examined the coverage of consumerism by three Nigerian mainstreams newspapers-The Nation, Daily Trust and Punch between July 2019 to June 2020. The study adopted content analysis as method of study and Agenda Setting theory as framework. Findings revealed a gap in the coverage of consumerism in the selected newspapers. Findings also show that the stories on consumerism were published mainly in the inside pages and on a dedicated column, which limited their prominence. The study concludes that there are gaps not just in newspaper coverage, but also in newspaper content especially as it relates to prominence given to the reportage of consumerism. Therefore, it is recommended that media should give prominence to consumerism stories so that issues bothering on consumerism can be placed on the front burners of public discourse just as the other stories that are accorded prominence. It is also recommended that print media organizations reevaluate their editorial stance and house style so as to give adequate attention to issues faced by consumers in exchange relationships. Finally, it is recommended that gatekeepers should consider creating a consumer beat in their respective print media organization, as it will ensure the reportage of more activities and foster conversations about the need for consumer protection.

Coverage of Jama'atu Ahlis-Sunna Lidda'awati Wal- Jihad(Boko Haram) In Alaroye Newspaper

Media framing of insurgents such Jama'atuAhlis-Sunna Lidda'Awati Wal-Jihad (Boko Haram) shape public perception. This study investigates the coverage of Boko Haram in Alaroye newspaper from January to July 2019.The objectives include interrogating types, sources of frames, frequency, prominence, portrayal and the preferred editorial formats .A quantitative content analysis research approach was used to collect purposively selected samples for the seven-month period under focus. The study is anchored on the framing theory wherein the media tell the audience what to think about issues. The findings show that Alaroye preferred episodic to thematic frames, and referred to the group as insurgents, Islamists, terrorists, miscreants and Boko Haram. News and features were preferred to other formats and coverage of the sect was dismal as only eight negative stories were placed in the inside pages of the newspaper. The dominant frame sources were news correspondents while security operatives and public affairs analysts were not consulted.

An assessment of newspaper coverage of gender violence in Nigeria

This study investigated newspaper coverage of gender violence in Nigeria with specific attention on, frequency, depth, and prominence. Two newspapers- The Daily Trust and the Daily Sun-were purposively selected for the study. The study duration was 24 months while content analysis was adopted as the study design. Result showed, among others, that the frequency of coverage of gender violence by the two newspapers within the study duration is 43%. Result of this study further revealed that 24.4% of the stories from the two newspapers on gender violence within the study duration were on front page, 31.1% 32.2% and 12.2% were on inside page, back page and centre spread in that order. The result of this study has implications on the quest to reduce cases of gender based violence in Nigeria as it provides evidence on the how The Daily Trust and The Daily Sun in particular and Nigerian newspapers in general have contributed against the fight against violence against persons on the basis of their gender. Based on the result of this study, the researcher recommends, among others that, Nigerian newspapers should improve in their coverage of gender violence with a view to promoting a gender violence free society.

Prominence of occurrence accorded to climate change information in Tanzanian newspapers

Study was conducted to analyse degree of prominence that Tanzanian newspapers accorded to climate change information. We argue that the level of prominence accorded to climate change information by Tanzanian newspapers is inadequate. Prioritising the coverage of climate change information in newspapers is important for facilitating its access, promotion and dissemination for awareness creation. Triangulation of quantitative content analysis and in-depth interview method approaches and a sample size of 1600 newspaper editions drawn from six Tanzanian newspapers for a span of 10 years were used. Newspaper editions were quantitatively content analysed and the frequencies at which climate change information articles were placed at the various parts of the newspapers were analysed. Findings indicate that a total of 81,162 articles were published. Of this total, only 684 (0.84%) articles covered climate change information. Furthermore, findings indicate that, of the total 684 climate change information articles, only 53 (7.6%) were placed in the front pages of the six Tanzanian newspapers for all 10 years, giving a yearly average of 5.3 articles for all newspapers and only 1 article for each newspaper per year, whereas the majority (631, 92.25%) of articles in climate change were randomly placed in the inside pages. The Chi-square test ( χ 2 = 10.000; df = 1; p value < 0.002) shows that significant differences exist between the locations of number of articles in front pages and inside pages. The findings suggest that climate change information in Tanzanian newspapers was not given the necessary level of prominence. Study recommends that newspaper media houses should have editorial policy that will ensure that they have a social responsibility of reporting climate change information prominently in their newspapers for wide public access and dissemination. This paper also recommends the need for the provision of specialised trainings such as climate change journalism to news editors, journalists and reporters for equipping them with the good writing styles and skills that will enable them to produce more appealing climate change stories that will attract its front page placement status for setting an agenda in the direction of climate change adaptation, coping and mitigation mechanisms in Tanzania

Death in Life at Christmas: T. S. Eliot's "Journey of the Magi"

Death in Life at ChristmasT. S. Eliot's "Journey of the Magi" Gerald P. Boersma (bio) One of t. s. eliot's most recognized poems is "Journey of the Magi."1 The poem first appeared inside a Christmas card. Richard de la Mare, who served with Eliot as director for the publishing house Faber & Faber, had the entrepreneurial idea of sending Christmas cards to those who had business with the press. In the spirit of Shakespeare, the series was called "Ariel Poems." The inside page of the card contained an unpublished Christmas-related poem from a contemporary poet, and the exterior was accompanied by an illustration from a noted contemporary artist. Between 1927 and 1931 the press released thirty-eight "Ariel Poems" by figures such as Thomas Hardy, G. K. Chesterton, Siegfried Sassoon, W. B. Yeats, and D. H. Lawrence. T. S. Eliot wrote five of the poems during these years, of which four were matched with illustrations by the avant-garde American poster artist, Edward McKnight Kauffer. A 1936 collection of Eliot's poetry for Faber & Faber included his contributions to the cards under the heading "Ariel Poems." Eliot's "Ariel Poems," while written for Christmas cards, are a far cry from the maudlin warm and fuzzy Hallmark cards typical of the season. As in most of Eliot's poetry, a deep melancholy pervades [End Page 23] The Journey of The Magi by T. S. Eliot'A cold coming we had of it,Just the worst time of the yearFor a journey, and such a long journey:The ways deep and the weather sharp,The very dead of winter.'And the camels galled, sorefooted, refractory,Lying down in the melting snow.There were times we regrettedThe summer palaces on slopes, the terraces,And the silken girls bringing sherbet.Then the camel men cursing and grumblingand running away, and wanting their liquor and women,And the night-fires going out, and the lack of shelters,And the cities hostile and the towns unfriendlyAnd the villages dirty and charging high prices:A hard time we had of it.At the end we preferred to travel all night,Sleeping in snatches,With the voices singing in our ears, sayingThat this was all folly.Then at dawn we came down to a temperate valley,Wet, below the snow line, smelling of vegetation;With a running stream and a water-mill beating the darkness,And three trees on the low sky,And an old white horse galloped away in the meadow. [End Page 24] Then we came to a tavern with vine-leaves over the lintel,Six hands at an open door dicing for pieces of silver,And feet kicking the empty wine-skins.But there was no information, and so we continuedAnd arrived at evening, not a moment too soonFinding the place; it was (you might say) satisfactory. All this was a long time ago, I remember,And I would do it again, but set downThis set downThis: were we led all that way forBirth or Death? There was a Birth, certainlyWe had evidence and no doubt. I had seen birth and death,But had thought they were different; this Birth wasHard and bitter agony for us, like Death, our death.We returned to our places, these Kingdoms,But no longer at ease here, in the old dispensation,With an alien people clutching their gods.I should be glad of another death. T. S. Eliot, Collected Poems, 1909–1962 (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1991). This poem has been shared here under fair use guidelines provided by The Poetry Foundation. [End Page 25] the lines. Unfulfilled longing and a searing awareness that this life is a penultimate season of ennui mark the "Ariel Poems." Eliot's casting of Christmas is not typical of what comes to mind when we think of Christmas. Nevertheless, Eliot points his readers toward an essential aspect of Christmas not often considered. The joy of Christmas is the celebration of God entering into human life, the feast commemorating the moment when the immortal becomes mortal and eternal life breaks into the cycle of temporal existence. For Eliot...

Coverage of Child Right Abuse in Nigerian Newspapers

Studying and analyzing the newspaper coverage on issues of children is sine- qua non to the overall development of Nigeria because it would serve as an insight into the conditions in which our children find themselves today and a guide for preparing them to be socially and spiritually responsible in the society. This study, therefore, analyzed the manifest media contents of two major newspapers in Nigeria namely Daily Sun and Punch (January-April 2017) with a view of ascertaining the frequency, depth, direction and prominence of coverage of reports on child rights in Nigeria. Based on the findings from the content analyzed newspapers, it was discovered that the select newspapers did not give adequate coverage on child rights abuse issues in Nigeria. Both newspapers did not give prominence to the stories reported as almost all were buried in the inside pages. The study recommends that Newspapers publishers in Nigeria should train reporters that will report daily on child right abuse so as to increase the visibility of child rights reports in the media. Also, Newspapers in Nigeria should give more prominence to child right abuse cases by placing them on the front pages of their editions and publishing periodic editorials on child rights related issues.

The pictures in our pages

Abstract This exploratory study continues early first-level work on intermedia visual agenda setting, which asks what influences the visual media agenda, and extends it into the third level of network analysis. The top visual agenda of the Associated Press is compared to the top visual agenda of 45 U.S. newspapers (divided into three tiers of circulation) over two constructed weeks. Findings indicate some transfer of the visual agenda at both the first and third levels. Additionally, the networked visual agenda has a moderate significant correlation to all newspapers. Sports and local vs. national/international coverage are identified as key aspects of authority over how the visual agendas are formed and transferred. While the AP places sports images high on the visual agenda, newspapers relegate them to inside pages unless they are important events. Smaller-circulation papers put fewer international topics on their front page than medium and high-circulation newspapers.