Inset Feed Technique Research Articles

DGS Based CP Antenna for 5G Communication with Harmonic

Higher harmonics in antennas contribute to negative effects on antenna performance such as interference, radiation pattern distortion, impedance mismatch and increased complexity in design, commonly occurring in RF communication systems caused by the non-uniformity of the antenna structure and the presence of parasitic elements. Therefore, a patch antenna operating at 3.65GHz for 5G mobile communication that incorporates techniques to suppress unwanted higher harmonics is presented. The antenna design employs a basic rectangular patch antenna with an inset feed technique to enhance the S11 parameters at the resonant frequency. Additionally, two dumbbell defected ground structures (DGS) are employed to minimize the higher modes of harmonic distortion. To transform the antenna into a circular polarized (CP) antenna, two truncated corners and a cross slot perpendicular to the middle of the patch are introduced. The proposed antenna is able to suppress unwanted harmonics at higher resonances, demonstrating its effectiveness in mitigating harmonic distortion

A microstrip patch antenna for 5G mobile communications

The advantages of microstrip patch antennas include small size, adaptable surface, ease of fabrication, and compatibility with integrated circuit technology. Numerous experiments have been done over the past few decades to enhance the performance of this antenna, and both military and commercial sectors have found many uses for it. This paper introduces a microstrip patch antenna with an operating frequency of 28GHz for 5G mobile communication. This research designed and simulated a rectangular microstrip patch antenna with 3.494 mm * 5.3 mm * 0.003 mm. The proposed antenna resonates at 28 GHz with a reflection coefficient of -24 dB, a bandwidth of 280 MHz, and a gain of 2.2 dBi. The inset feed technique matches the 50 Ω transmission line impedance. In the design, Rogers RT5880 substrate and copper ground are used. The antenna’s geometry was calculated, and simulated results were analyzed using Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio. In conclusion, the proposed antenna has a reflection coefficient of -24 dB, VSWR of 1.24, an input impedance of 51.6Ω, and a gain of 2.2 dBi at operating frequency with a compact geometry can be used in 5G mobile communications. The future shift in resonance frequencies and beams can be considered to make the antenna operate as a smart antenna.

Eight-Port Tapered-Edged Antenna Array With Symmetrical Slots and Reduced Mutual-Coupling for Next-Generation Wireless and Internet of Things (IoT) Applications

A compact and low-cost eight-port (2x4 configuration) tapered-edged antenna array (TEAA) with symmetrical slots and reduced mutual-coupling is presented in this paper using the inset-feed technique. The 8-port TEAA is designed and simulated using CST microwave studio, fabricated using the flame-resistant (FR4) substrate having a dielectric constant (εr) = 4.3 and thickness (h) = 1.66mm and characterized using Keysight technologies vector network analyzer (VNA). The designed 8-port TEAA operates at the 5.05-5.2GHz frequency band. Various performance design parameters, like return-loss, bandwidth, gain, 2D/3D radiation patterns, surface current distributions, and isolation-loss, are briefly studied, and the results are summarized. The eight-port TEAA has featured the bandwidth/ gain characteristic of 195MHz/10.25dB, 3dB beam-width of 52.8o, and excellent mutual-coupling (high isolation-loss) of less than -20dB, respectively. The 8-port TEAA is proposed and characterized to work for next-generation high-throughput WLANs like IEEE 802.11ax (WiFi-6E), Internet-of-Things (IoT), and the upcoming 5G wireless communication systems.

Analysing the Impact of Substrate Thickness on Antenna Performance for GPS Application

A microstrip patch antenna is a popular choice of antenna for use in the L band frequency range. They also have good radiation characteristics, making them ideal for receiving and transmitting low-power radio frequency signals. The proposed compact antenna is meant for GPS applications covering the L1 band. The antenna is designed involving the Rogers’s substrate having a dielectric constant of 2.2. The design is based on circular microstrip patch structure with inset feed technique. The selection of the dielectric material and its thickness is very crucial in designing microstrip patch antenna. This paper also explains how antenna performance is improved by varying the thickness of the substrate. The radiation pattern, return loss, gain, directivity, VSWR and efficiency are obtained using EM Simulation and the results are compared for various designs structures. It is inferred that as the thickness of the substrate increases, the performance of the antenna also gets better.

A Circular-Shaped Antenna Array for Wide-Band Millimeter-Wave Application

This paper presents a proposed Circular-shaped Antenna array for millimeter-wave application. The proposed antenna is designed to operate at mm-wave frequency of 17 GHz. Circular antennas give good return loss, and better gain and directivity. The main aim of using the array is to improve the gain of the antenna. Inset feed technique is used to design the antenna. The size and feed technique are determined by design formulas. The simulation results show a good return loss (reflection coefficient) of -55.297 dB which is way below the benchmark of 10dB and a bandwidth of 1.79 GHz (16.42 – 18.21 GHz). The gain and VSWR results are 8.684 dB and 1.0034 respectively at 17.29 GHz frequency. The CST software is used for the simulation.

A High Gain Antenna with DGS for Sub-6 GHz 5G Communications

This paper introduces the design of a high-gain wideband microstrip patch antenna for sub-6 GHz 5G communication. The proposed antenna integrates a novel defected ground structure (DGS) for achieving the wide bandwidth. The ground plane uses a triangular strip inserted into the ground plane to improve the performance of the antenna. It also uses the reflective plate to concentrate the side lobes and minimise the production of the back lobe, thereby boosting the main lobe of the radiated signal and thus increasing the gain of the proposed antenna. The proposed antenna uses the FR-4 epoxy substrate with an inset feed technique in its design. The simulation and optimisation of the proposed antenna were carried out with CST Microwave Studio Suite. The antenna design is compact with a dimension of 28:03 23:455:35mm3 and a maximum gain and directivity of 6.21 dB and 7.56 dB respectively, with a radiation efficiency of about 80%. The proposed antenna operates from 4.921 GHz to 5.784 GHz, which covers the 4.9 GHz-5.8 GHz of the sub-6 GHz 5G communications spectrum. Fabricated and measured result of the antenna confirm simulated results.

Analysis of inset feed microstrip patch antenna on flexible (PVA/CMC/AV) substrate

The development of current wearable mobile devices necessitates the use of antennas that are reduced in size and internally flexible to fit. The miniaturization of the microstrip patch antenna (MPA) improves its communication capabilities in a variety of ways. The use of flexible material in MPA construction enhances its suitability for wireless body area networks (WBAN), which include devices for military, surveillance, and medical purposes. The small MPA is built in this work employing a polymeric (PVA/CMC/AV) flexible substrate with an inset feed technique to resonate at a frequency of 2 GHz. COMSOL Multiphysics software is used to simulate the designed antenna within the perfect matched layer. The antenna's performance parameters are examined, including return loss, gain, directivity, radiation efficiency, and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR).

A Flexible and Compact 28 GHz Inset Fed Rectangular Patch Antenna Based on Circuit in Plastic Technology for 5G System

This paper presents the use of circuit in plastic (CiP) as a new technology to develop a polycarbonate substrate microstrip patch antenna (PSMPA) for a fifth-generation (5G) system. The proposed compact PSMPA operates at a resonant frequency of 28 GHz and uses silver as a conductor instead of copper. The polycarbonate substrate has a thickness of 3 mm and a dielectric constant of 2.9. The inset feed technique is used as a feeding scheme to match the patch and the 50 Ω microstrip line. The proposed PSMPA structure has been simulated using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio and its performance has been evaluated and compared with similar existing designs in the literature. The proposed PSMPA shows a return loss ( ) of -23.011 dB, bandwidth (BW) of 1.173 GHz, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 1.3560, gain (G) of 5.684dBi, and radiation efficiency (

Design of microstrip patch antenna to deploy unmanned aerial vehicle as UE in 5G wireless network

The use of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has been increasing rapidly in the civilian and military applications, because of UAV's high-performance communication with ground clients, especially for its intrinsic properties such as adaptive altitude, mobility, and flexibility. UAV deployment can be monitored and controlled through 5G wireless network as user equipment (UE) along with other devices. A highly directive microstrip patch antenna (MPA) could establish long-distance communication by overcoming air attenuation and reduce co-channel interference in the limited region if UAV uses a specifically dedicated band, which might enhance spatially reuse of the spectrum. Also, MPA is highly recommended for UAV because of its low weight, low cost, compact size, and flat shape. In this paper, we have designed a highly directive single-band 2×2 and 4×4 antenna array for 5.8 GHz and 28 GHz frequency respectively for UAV application in a focus to deploy UAV through 5G wireless network. Here, The Roger RT5880 (lossy) material utilize as a substrate due to its lower dielectric constant which achieves higher directivity and good mechanical stability. Inset feed technique used to feed antenna for lowering input impedance which provides higher antenna efficiency. The results show a wider bandwidth of 702 MHz and 1.596 GHz for 5.8 GHz and 28 GHz antenna array correspondingly with a compact size.

A THz antenna with sandwiched metasurface for quadband application

In this paper, the performance of a quad-band rectangular microstrip patch antenna comprising sandwiched metasurface (MS) between two dielectric substrates has been reported in the terahertz spectrum. The inset feed technique has been used in the proposed patch antenna. The simulation of the proposed antenna shows respective fractional bandwidths of 7.28%, 10%, 11.15% and 3.5% at the frequencies of 0.92 THz, 1.28 THz, 1.68 THz and 2.08 THz. The maximum realized gain of 8.5 dBi has been achieved at 2.08 THz. The radiation efficiency has been found to be more than 50% at all the operating frequencies. This type of antenna can be used in medical, security purposes and video imaging systems in the terahertz domain.

Microstrip patch antenna design for wireless network applications

Advances in communication systems involve the promotion of low cost, low weight, light weight and low profile antennas has been improved over last few years. It has capable of maintaining higher performance over a large range of frequency spectrum. This technological trend has focused a great deal of effort on growing of micro strip patch antennas due to its unalienable characteristics. It meets the requirement of modern communication devices. In this work, the inset feed technique was used to present the design and simulation of a compact rectangular slot patch antenna for double frequency operation at 5.27 GHz. The simulation of the built antenna was performed using the 2019 studio suite of computer simulation technology (CST) and MATLAB which will be used to measure the parameters. The substrate used for the proposed antenna is the four flame-resistant (FR-4) with a dielectric constant of 4.3 and a loss tangent of 0.023. The antenna proposed could find applications in Wireless Local Area (Wi-Fi) and Bluetooth technology.

Simulation and optimization of tuneable microstrip patch antenna for fifth-generation applications based on graphene

Microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) are known largely for their versatility in terms of feasible geometries, making them applicable in many distinct circumstances. In this paper, a graphene-based tuneable single/array rectangular microstrip patch antenna (MPA) utilizing an inset feed technique designed to function in multiple frequency bands are used in a fifth-generation (5G) wireless communications system. The tuneable antenna is used to eliminate the difficulties caused by the narrow bandwidths typically associated with MPAs. The graphene material has a reconfigurable surface conductivity that can be adjusted to function at the required value, thus allowing the required resonance frequency to be selected. The simulated tuneable antenna comprises a copper radiating patch with four graphene strips used for tuning purposes and is designed to cover a wide frequency band. The proposed antenna can be tuned directly by applying a direct current (DC) voltage to the graphene strips, resulting in a variation in the surface impedance of the graphene strips and leading to shifts in the resonance frequency.

Design and simulation of a rectangular patch microstrip antenna for the frequency of 28 GHz in 5G technology

The development and application of the fifth generation mobile communication system (5G) requires and provides high-speed and high-capacity wireless communication services. This paper describes the design of small antennas using microstrip technology as a wireless communication device operating at a frequency of 28 GHz. The technique method used for antenna design is inset feed technique with a shift to the length of the transmission line on the side of the patch gap. Antenna design is used method of moment or simulation using CST software application. To support antenna design in the simulation process using the type of material substrates used was Taconic TLY-5 type. The results of simulations the obtained, such as: bandwidth of return loss ≤ -10 dB is 454 MHz, VSWR (2:1) is 1.03, beam width is 74.4 degrees and gain is 6.72dB. An antenna design obtained through simulation shows a simple and compact antenna shape with the expected parameter value. The design is a basic element of research for antenna sub arrays for increasing radiation power.

Impedance Transformer for Recessed Ground Patch Antenna at 60 GHz

This letter presents the concept of tapered recessed ground (TRG) below the microstrip feedline to transform the source impedance (50 Ω) to the edge impedance ( Z in) of the recessed ground microstrip patch antenna. The dimensions of tapering parameters, including its length, width, and depth, are studied in detail to match Z in. The use of this method overcomes the fabrication challenges of narrow slots of inset-feed technique, especially on high-indexed substrates. Prototypes of 60 GHz recessed ground patch antennas, using inset-feed (A1) and TRG techniques [A2 and A3 (with different tapering dimensions for each)], are fabricated on a 0.127 mm thick alumina substrate $(\varepsilon _{r}= 9.8)$ as a proof of concept. The measured results indicate a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 7.5% (A1) and 7% (A2 and A3) with return loss better than 30 dB at 60 GHz. The measured gain and radiation efficiency of antenna A2 are more by 2.35 dB and 8.3%, respectively, than antenna A1. The measured and simulated results agree reasonably well and validate the concept of TRG.

28 GHz Microstrip Patch Antennas for Future 5G

Recently, the industry and academia there is significant activity in research and development towards the next generation micro and Pico cellular wireless Networks (5th generation). This paper presents, a structure design of microstrip patch antenna array operate at the central frequency of 28 GHz waveband is proposed. The patch antenna array consists of four elements with rectangular patch and uniform distribution. It has a compact size of 26.51 x 20.37 mm with operating frequency at 28 GHz. The inset feed technique is used for the matching between radiating patch and the 50Ω microstrip feedline. The proposed 2x2 antenna array successfully improve the antenna gain up to 8.393dB compare to existing CRLH TL CPW antenna with 2.99 dB, wideband antenna with 7.1 dB and 3.7 dB for broadband elliptical-shaped slot antenna. As a conclusion, the directivity of 10.13 db and efficiency is higher than 80% considered as a potential candidate for the 5G wireless networks and applications.

Compact Rectangular Slot Patch Antenna for Dual Frequency Operation Using Inset Feed Technique

In recent years, the inventions in communication systems require the development of low cost, minimal weight, compact and low profile antennas that are capable of maintaining high performance over a wide spectrum of frequencies. This technological trend has focused much effort in the design of microstrip patch antennas because of its inherent characteristics that fits the requirements of modern communication devices. This paper presents the design and simulation of a compact rectangular slot patch antenna for dual frequency operation at 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz using the inset feed technique. The simulation of the designed antenna was done with the aid of computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio version 12. The antenna has a miniature compact size of 44×41×1.6 mm<sup>3</sup> which resonated at a return loss of -19.619 dB and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 1.303 at 2.4 GHz, and -17.55 dB and VSWR of 1.301 at 5.2 GHz. The results show that the antenna has a corresponding bandwidth of 124.6 MHz at 2.4 GHz and 119.8 MHz at 5.2 GHz. The substrate used in the proposed antenna is the flame resistant four (FR-4) with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a loss tangent of 0.023. The proposed antenna may find applications in wireless local area network (WLAN) and Bluetooth technology.

Design and Analysis of I-Slotted Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Application

This paper presents a novel design of a I- slotted patch antenna with compact nature and the study of various antenna parameters. The antenna is fed by inset feeding technique. The proposed patch antenna is designed and simulated on IE3D simulation software. The main aim of proposed work is to obtain a large bandwidth antenna with compact size . The proposed microstrip antenna has a wide bandwidth covering the range from 1.444-2.393 GHz. By using simple Inset feed technique & by introducing I-slotted wide bandwidth of 49.46%, High Gain 5dBi & good radiation efficiency of about 99% has been achieved. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v4i1.4594 Full Text: PDF

CO-AXIAL FED MICROSTRIP RECTANGULAR PATCH ANTENNA DESIGN FOR BLUETOOTH APPLICTION

Abstract: - A design procedure for Microstrip recta ngular patch antenna for Bluetooth application is p resented. In Bluetooth open wireless technology important constraints are size and installation of the antenna. In this paper the proposed antenna is designed using transmission line model and can create resona nce at 2.45 GHz with in Bluetooth frequency range 2MHz. Coaxial feed technique is used to excite the patch even tho ugh microstrip inset feed technique is present bec ause of low radiation and ease of installation. Placement of co axial feed fo r this patch is taken almost one third of length fr om virtual ground line i.e., at the center line of the patch which is along the wid th lines and can creates resonance at 2.45 GHz wit h minimum reflection coefficient (s 11 ) at this feed position. Fabrication is done using photolithographic technique and is tested with Agil ent Network Analyzer to measure VSWR and S 11 parameters. S-parameters are used to measure the a ntenna performance and shown that S 11 value is low at resonant frequency. Variation of in put impedance as function of frequency is also pres ented using Smith Chart. Radiation patterns are drawn both in E-plane, H-pla ne in anechoic chamber and parameters like gain, be am width (both E and H planes) are measured. Designed antenna is simulated on FR4 substrate with loss tangent tanδ=0.02 using Agilent Advance Design System (ADS) software. Simulation and measur ement results are compared and discussed .