Insemination Of Sows Research Articles

Comparative Study on the Use of Artificial Insemination in Sows in Three Production Units in the Region of Tlachichuca Puebla, México

The main objective of this study was to make a comparison of the use of artificial insemination in sows from three production units belonging to the Tlachichuca-Puebla region, Mexico. These pork production units belonged to the communities of José María Morelos, San Francisco Independencia and Tlachichuca, Puebla respectively. 20 sows were used, 15 of which were primal and 5 multiparous, which were inseminated over a period of 10 months. 20 doses of semen were acquired from the Coyametl Genetic Transfer Center, located in the City of Acatzingo, Puebla. The information obtained from the project was concentrated in the different stages of the study, and stored in an Excel file; the information was processed through the SPSS 10 package for Windows, applying descriptive statistics. 75% of Primal or Nulliparous sows were found which were artificially inseminated and 25% corresponded to Multiparous; 7% of the producers expressed no interest in planning but rather a greater number of kilos when selling, 15% responded interest in the number of offspring and fewer deaths at birth with better feeding of the bellies before and after the births, 78% mentioned the importance of planning a procedure to improve their productivity and reproductive life in their pork production units (PPUs). Regarding litter size, results were obtained through AI in the sows of the 3 UPPs (José María Morelos, San Francisco Independencia and Tlachichuca), a total of piglets in the primals of 163 of the 15 inseminated sows, with an average of 10.8 piglets/sow; In the case of multiparous sows, there were 58 piglets in total with an average of 11.6 piglets/sow. In conclusion, comparative studies are useful for analysis in pork production units, since they are pillars in decision making; as it was, in the reproductive indicators where AI was applied, giving objectivity and greater certainty as was the case in the three communities of the Tlachichuca region, Puebla, Mexico.

112 Effect of Selenium Sources on Sow Productive and Reproductive Performance and Their Progeny

Abstract Dietary selenium (Se) supplementation is a standard practice, using either an inorganic form, such as sodium selenite (SS) or organic forms, like SeYeasts (SY) or pure forms of selenomethionine (SeMet). Hydroxy-selenomethionine (OH-SeMet) is a chemically synthesized organic Se form and has been proven to be efficient in transferring Se from the diet to muscle compared with SS or SY products. The transfer of Se in tissues, in fact, leads to the buildup of a Se reserve as SeMet in the body that participates in maintaining effective antioxidant defenses and supports animal performance, particularly under challenging conditions. This trial aimed to determine the effects of different Se sources on the productive and reproductive performance of sows and on their progeny. Sows (n = 120) were allocated in individual cages in one of the three treatments according to the number of parities, number of piglets in previous parturition, body condition score and initial body weight. The experiment lasted 141 days (from the insemination of sows up to the weaning of the piglets at 21 days). A corn-soybean-based basal diet was formulated to meet the nutrient requirements of the sows during gestation and lactation. The Se supplementation was 0.35 ppm of Se either from SS, SY or OH-SeMet. The number of total piglets born showed a tendency (P = 0.06) for treatments fed organic Se sources (15.6 OH-SeMet; 15.4 SY vs 14 SS) with no differences on the litter weight at birth. However, sows fed OH-SeMet weaned more piglets (13.4) than the other treatments (12.5 SY and 12.2 SS, respectively, P < 0.01). The litter weight at weaning showed no differences among treatments (73.4, 70.4 and 75.9kg for SS, SY and OH-SeMet, respectively). The feed conversion of the sows during lactation was also affected by the Se source, in which OH-SeMet showed a significantly reduced FCR of 2.6 vs 3.0 and 3.1 for SS and SY, respectively (P < 0.01). Piglets fed organic sources showed a decreased diarrhea incidence (scores 2 and 3) compared with SS (P < 0.001), respectively, 5.68 vs 3.28 and 3.27%. The Se concentration of sows’ colostrum and milk of sows were numerically improved from SS to SY, but only significantly greater on OH-SeMet treatment. The same pattern of Se concentration in the milk was observed in the serum of piglets 48 h after birth (142, 122 and 228 μg/kg for SS, SY and OH-SeMet, respectively) and at weaning (85, 85 and 117 μg/kg for SS, SY and OH-SeMet, respectively). Feeding pure forms of organic Se, such as OH-SeMet supports the productive and reproductive performance of sows and improve the Se status of the progeny. Organic Se also reduces the diarrhea of piglets, compared with SS.

PLANNING DECISIONS OF RECONSTRUCTION WORK IN PIG REPRODUCTION USING ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION

Commodity production of pork in GO «GF «Gontarivka» IT NAAS» was based on the use of four premises using a flow system with uneven groups each year. Using current technology, the production cycle was 5.5 to 9.5 months (average sow farrowing ranges 1.26-2.18 per year): four months of idle and growing periods and one and a half months of suckling period. This approach to the reproduction of livestock has led to overconsumption of feed for breeding stock, problems with the reproductive system in some animals and an increase in the total production cost. To improve the system of pig reproduction, the farm has formulated a step-by-step introduction of pig reproduction technology based on artificial insemination. Volume-planning solutions for the reconstruction of the farm have been developed, which provide for partial re-planning of the premises for reproduction of livestock, keeping boars, conditionally pregnant pigs and sows, and artificial insemination, to transfer to flow technology with uniform groups throughout the year. Reconstruction of the premises for the reproduction of livestock was carried out by organization of an arena and a laboratory for artificial insemination, the installation of individual machines for insemination of sows. The proposed reconstruction scheme provides for the maintenance of 99 single and pregnant sows in group machines, 30 sows in individual insemination machines, 14 breeding boars and up to 15 boars. The laboratory of the artificial insemination point provides the artificial insemination technician with operations on sperm quality assessment, preparation of media, dilution, assessment and storage of sperm, maintenance and storage of documentation, etc. The work of the artificial insemination point in Gontarivka IT NAAS was carried out in several stages.

Predictive Capacity of Boar Sperm Morphometry and Morphometric Sub-Populations on Reproductive Success after Artificial Insemination.

Simple SummaryThe efficiency of swine production measured as litter size influences the profitability of the pig industry. Furthermore, sow fertility potential depends in part on the boar semen quality and reproductive efficiency. The objective of this study is to compare boar sperm head size and morphometric features of shape to evaluate their relationships with reproductive success after artificial insemination (AI). A morphometric analysis of boar ejaculate reveals morphometrically separate sub-populations. The differences between sub-populations are displayed for sperm head size. In addition, sperm clustering into sub-populations did not have a predictive capacity on litter size variables. Nevertheless, the morphometric variables of the sperm may have a predictive, albeit reduced, capacity regarding litter size variables. The results of this study therefore open up possibilities for future assessments of fertility. The aim of the study was to compare the morphometric features of sperm head size and shape from the Pietrain line and the Duroc × Pietrain boar crossbred terminal lines, and to evaluate their relationship with reproductive success after artificial insemination of sows produced from crossbreeding the York, Landrace and Pietrain breeds. Semen samples were collected from 11 sexually mature boars. Only ejaculates with greater than 70% motility rate and <15% of abnormal sperm were used for artificial inseminations (AI) and included in the study. Samples were analyzed using an ISAS®v1 computer-assisted sperm analysis system for eight morphometric parameters of head shape and size (CASA-Morph). Sub-populations of morphometric ejaculates were characterized using multivariate procedures, such as principal component (PC) analysis and clustering methods (k-means model). Four different ejaculate sub-populations were identified from two PCs that involved the head shape and size of the spermatozoa. The discriminant ability of the different morphometric sperm variables to predict sow litter size was analyzed using a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. Sperm head length, ellipticity, elongation, and regularity showed significant predictive capacity on litter size (0.59, 0.59, 0.60, and 0.56 area under curve (AUC), respectively). The morphometric sperm sub-populations were not related to sow litter size.

Artificial insemination in sows using Guelph and two local semen extenders

Sixty two and half-year-old Large White sows and 12 boars of the same breed and age were used to study the comparative effects of conventional (Guelph) and local (coconut water and fresh raphia palm wine) extenders and storage (3 days) on the fertility of artificially inseminated sows. Semen was collected twice a week by gloved-hand method. Semen was either extended or unextended and evaluated on the day of collection (day 0) and during day 3 of storage for percentage sperm motility, acrosome morphology and fertility (Non-return rate, farrowing rate and litter size). Both Guelph and local extenders produced significant effects (P&lt;0.01) on boar semen characteristics and fertility. Fresh semen extended in Guelph entender had the highest percentage sperm motility (86.2%) whereas fresh semen extended with coconut water gave the highest normal apical ridge (NAR) (91%); farrowing rate (88.3%). Litter size (7.1 piglets/litter alive (5.8), with the highest number of non return to service sows. Guelph extended semen ranked second in influencing fertility in sows.

New technique of sex preselection for increasing female ratio in boar sperm model.

In this study, we tried to optimize the porcine semen extender conditions to maximize the differences between live X chromosome-bearing (X) spermatozoa and to Y chromosome-bearing (Y) spermatozoa without a decline in the fertility rate at different pH conditions during storage. We observed the viability of X and Y boar spermatozoa in acidic (pH 6.2), original (pH 7.2), and alkaline condition (pH 8.2) for 5days to investigate the effect of storage conditions on the X to Y spermatozoa ratio. The functional parameters of spermatozoa were also examined to evaluate sperm quality. Sperm motility was preserved at pH 7.2 and pH 6.2 for 3days, while sperm motility at pH 8.2 decreased significantly after 2days. Non-capacitated spermatozoa increased while capacitated spermatozoa decreased during storage. Sperm viability decreased significantly duration-dependent under all pH conditions, but there was no significant difference during storage at pH 6.2 and 7.2. The X: Y ratio of live spermatozoa in acidic condition was maximized (1.2:1) without affecting the sperm function and fertility-related protein expression after 2days compared to original conditions. Moreover, insemination of sows using acidic extender increased the number of female pups on days 1 and 2 of preservation. These results indicate that the production of female offspring may increase when acidic BTS is used for 2days without affecting the success rate of AI. Above all, this method is simple and economical compared to other methods.

Intrauterine insemination of sows by using a twochamber semen bag system

Intrauterine insemination of sows by using a twochamber semen bag system

Insemination of sows with seminal doses prepared by a two-step hypothermic dilution does not impair the reproductive performance at farm.

Reproduction in swine is mostly carried out through artificial insemination (AI). For this purpose, AI studs collect the ejaculates, analyse the sperm quality, dilute and package to produce seminal doses and ship them to sow farms to carry out the AI. Temperature is controlled during the process to avoid sperm damage. Semen is diluted in the extender in a one-step or a two-step process where the second can be isothermic (approximately 32°C) or hypothermic (room temperature 21-22°C). Both techniques are currently performed, and the latter could reduce time and costs, but the literature available comparing the processes is scarce and presents discrepancies. To date, there are no studies about its impact in fertility. This study compared hypothermic two-step dilution (HTSD) and isothermic two-step dilution (ITSD) in laboratory and field trial to elucidate whether HTSD has any effect. Ejaculates from 72 boars in nine AI studs were split and processed with both techniques using a high-performance extender and evaluated in laboratory. Four farms inseminated 345 sows with samples of four of these AI studs, and their fertility and prolificacy were registered. Results show no significant differences between doses prepared by HTSD and ITSD technique, having no impact in laboratory results (percentage of motile sperm, short hypoosmotic swelling test (sHOST) and short osmotic resistance test (sORT), viable sperm, damaged acrosomes, sperm under early apoptosis, high mitochondrial membrane potential (p>.1), fertility (92.2% versus 94.1%, p=.45) or farrowing rate (15.8±0.3 versus 16.1±0.3 p=.46). In conclusion, our results suggest that HTSD of semen on extender could be safely implemented in AI studs under the conditions tested.

Influence of nonylphenol from multilayer plastic films on artificial insemination of sows.

Artificial insemination is common practice in mass livestock farming. Recently, it was shown that chemicals leaching from multilayer plastic bags affect the fertility of boars, although common quality tests did not show any impact on the sperm. It is not clear whether this incidence was a single case or whether it could be a systematic problem. Therefore, we studied six multilayer plastic bags. A total of 49 compounds were found, but most of them were at very low intensity. Nonylphenols in the range of 19-99μg/g plastic were found. Migration tests using water and 10% ethanol as simulants, to mimic the behavior of semen with the extender, were performed. The most interesting migrants in terms of potential reprotoxicity were identified as nonylphenols. The identification in depth demonstrated the presence of 10 isomers of nonylphenol with a total concentration range between 16 to 58μg/Kg simulant, among other migrants at lower concentration. The influence of these nonylphenols and their maximum tolerable concentration in direct contact with semen from boars was studied. Motility, viability, mitochondrial activity and acrosomes reacted were significantly affected at 10mg/Kg of nonylphenols in contact with the sperm, but in vitro penetration rate was significantly decreased with only 2mg/Kg. Insight into the mode of action is also provided.

A. A. BELIKOVS SCIENTIFIC LEGACY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF REPRODUCTION BIOLOGY, THEORY AND PRACTICE OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN PIGS,TIMED TO THE 85TH ANNIVERSARY OF BIRTH

The scientific researches of the scientist Anatoly Andreevich Belikov, doсtor of Agrarian Sciences, in the field of pig reproduction were analysed. The scientist has played the essential role in the theoretical substantiation and technological equipment of the methods in scientific researches, related to the study of the fertilizing ability and artificial insemination in pigs using cryopreserved sperm. The most significant achievements in the development of long-term storage method of boar sperm in the deep-frozen state, its evaluation, thawing and insemination of sows are highlighted. The issue of semen deep freezing of farm animals in the middle of the twentieth century was relevant, because it allowed to preserve the genetic material (semen) of valuable breeds and species of animals. Profitable pork production would be impossible without advances in reproduction and artificial insemination. Scientific research on the development of a method for deep-freezing boar sperm in liquid nitrogen, was started in 1972 by A. A. Belikov, was aimed at testing different modes of sperm cooling - ultra-fast (vitrification), fast, moderate and slow. The best results were obtained with a fast mode of freezing and thawing of sperm. Scientists have conducted studies to see the possibility of replacing glycerin in cryopreservation media with other cryoprotectants. For the first time, in 1984, fertility was achieved by artificial insemination of pigs with frozen-thawed sperm with the addition of ethylene glycol instead of glycerin, at the level of 45-83 % with a fertility of 7-9 piglets per farrowing. Later in 1992, A. A. Belikov's research was aimed at studying certain theoretical issues concerning the freezing and thawing of diluted whole sperm and its thick fraction. The method of this experiment involved separating a thick fraction of ejaculate in the process of ejaculation in a boar under visual inspection. The result of the research and production experiment was the insemination of sows, whose fertility was on average from 46 to 76 %, with the release of piglets from 6 to 14 heads per farrowing. Created in 1990 by scientists together with the staff of the All-Russian Institute of Animal Husbandry, a bank of boar semen frozen in pellets, made it possible to use it both in Ukraine and abroad.

PHENOTYPIC CONSOLIDATION COEFFICIENTS OF BIRTH-WEIGHT INDICATORS IN SOWS OF WELSH BREED

The aim of the research was to study the effect of sow and boar age on average weight of newly born piglets, considering the season of the year and the age of the animals. The studies were conducted in the research farm of SE “Gontarivka”, Volchansky district, Kharkiv region. Natural breeding of sows is used for reproduction on the farm. The insemination of sows was carried out according to the scheme of studies. 35 head of sows and 4 boars of different ages and live weights were selected. Four groups of sows were formed. In order to study the impact of the season of the year on sow productivity, the first series of studies were conducted in the autumn, the second series - in the spring according to the same scheme. In different groups of animals, average weight of newly born piglets ranged from 1.10 to 1.21 kg. The average value of this indicator for all sows for both studied seasons was 1.16 kg. The magnitude (for all sows of the period) in winter farrowing was 1.74 % higher than the summer farrowing (for all sows of the period), although the difference between these groups was not probable. Between the sows of different ages, inseminated by boars of different ages, in winter, the higher values were given to young sows that were inseminated by young boars (p&lt;0.01 compared to young sows that were inseminated by full-grown boars). Among the sows of different ages, inseminated by boars of different ages, in the summer, the highest values were middle-aged, which were inseminated by middle-aged boars (p&lt;0.01 compared to young sows in winter, inseminated by full boars and p&lt;0.05 compared to young sows in summer, which were inseminated by adult boars). During the summer period the middle-aged sows, which were inseminated by middle-aged boars, received maximum values of average weight of newly born piglets, which were higher than sows of other groups by 10.00-0.83 %. The most consolidated high-birth-weight rates were obtained in winter for young sows that were inseminated by adult boars. In the summer, the most consolidated were young sows inseminated by young boars.

REPRODUCTIVE INDICATORS OF SWINE AND ECOLOGICAL MEANS IN SOME PATHOLOGIES

With an increase in the world's population, the demand for environmentally friendly food is increasing. In this regard, the main task of animal husbandry is to intensify the reproduction of the herd and the maximum possible increase in animal productivity.&#x0D; In this sector of agriculture, as in any industry, there are also various problems. One of these problems is that sows' productivity still averages around 40–60% of their potential&#x0D; This is due to the fact that modern industrial pig breeding technologies do not always take into account the physiological needs of the pig’s body, which leads to weakened immunity and an increase in the frequency of various pathologies. Therefore, to increase the overall resistance of the animal organism and prevent postpartum pathologies, various means are systematically used. The most commonly used drugs are etiotropic therapy. But almost all of them have certain disadvantages: toxic effects on the body, irritating effects on tissues, long-term effects and various side effects, antibiotic resistance.&#x0D; Therefore, veterinary specialists seek to limit the frequency of use of antibiotics by replacing them with drugs that do not potentiate antibiotic resistance, have immunostimulating properties and contain environmentally friendly and inexpensive components.&#x0D; Such environmentally friendly drugs are effective due to the fact that the micronutrients or extracts of medicinal plants contained in them have good antibacterial and bactericidal, and sometimes fungicidal, immunostimulating and antiviral properties.&#x0D; The use of such drugs, either alone or in combination with certain methods and drugs (synestrol, carbocholine, pituitrin, proserin, vitamins, UHF, EHF, etc.) allows you to get environmentally friendly products from the animal almost immediately after the course of treatment .&#x0D; The aim of our research was to study the effectiveness of new, environmentally friendly and easy-to-use agents used for the treatment of postpartum endometritis in sows and their effect on some parameters of sows productivity.&#x0D; The studies were carried out during 2018 in the conditions of the complex of selection and hybridization of pigs “Moldsudingbrid”, the city of Orhei, Republic of Moldova.&#x0D; From the number of farrowing sows, queens with a diagnosis of postpartum endometritis were selected. The selected uterus was divided into 3 groups: one control and two experimental.&#x0D; In the control group, all sows were treated according to the scheme adopted by the farm: injections of Enrofloxacin 50 were used according to the instructions 1 ml/20 kg body weight, once a day, intramuscularly 3–5 days.&#x0D; The animals of both experimental groups were injected once, in the upper third of the neck (behind the ear), a tissue preparation was injected at the rate of 1 ml/100 kg of body weight. Before use, the drug was diluted with a 0.5% solution of novocaine in a ratio of 1:1. At the same time, 100–150 ml of a preparation made on the basis of an extract from plant D and a chelate compound of iodine were intrauterine administered to sows of the first experimental group. Animals of the second experimental group were intrauterine injected with 100–150 ml of a preparation made on the basis of an extract from plant C and a chelate compound of iodine. The frequency of administration was 1 time per day for 3–5 days.&#x0D; Studies have shown that the duration of therapy in the experimental groups was less than in the control group. In the first experimental group, the duration of therapy was 4.44 ± 0.358 days and in the second experimental group 4.22 ± 0.386 days. This is 1.39 and 1.61 days (23.84% and 27.65%, respectively) less than in the control group.&#x0D; The inter-porous period in the experimental groups after therapy was less than in the control group. In the first experimental group, the period between farrowing was 164.33 ± 6.645 days and in the second experimental group 180.75 ± 9.12 days. This is 12.17 and 5.85 days less than in the control group, where this indicator was 2.57 days.&#x0D; The interval from weaning of piglets to the fruitful insemination of sows (when they first came to the hunt) in the experimental groups decreased by 5.15 and 6.6 days and amounted to 17.25 ± 5.01 and 9 ± 3.36 days. In the control group, the interval between weaning and insemination of sows was 18.8 ± 4.93 days, which is 2 days less than before the studies.&#x0D; It has been established: 1) the new, environmentally friendly products that we offer are effective in the treatment of postpartum endometritis in sows; 2) do not adversely affect sow productivity; 3) contribute to improved reproductive performance and are more effective than antibiotic.&#x0D; The data obtained will improve and specify the appropriate preventive, therapeutic and diagnostic and other measures necessary to increase the reproductive potential of sows

Improved farrowing rate using intrauterine insemination in sows

Intrauterine insemination (IUI), a technique that uses a lower number of spermatozoa than conventional artificial insemination (CAI), could contribute to improve reproductive efficiency of boars. However, since some field trial reports show suboptimal performance for IUI, it is necessary to continue evaluating and standardizing this technique. In this work, the use of fixed reduced sperm amounts and doses volumes for IUI respect to CAI using the same semen samples was assessed. The results show an increase in the farrowing rate using IUI vs CAI (84.80 ± 0.36 vs 71.44 ± 2.63, P&lt;0.05). Parameters such as litter size, live piglets/litter, stillborn or mummified fetuses were analyzed as well and showed non-significant differences between techniques. Statistical positive correlation analyses showed a positive correlation between live piglets/litter and stillborn piglets and between stillborn and total number of piglets, only for CAI. In addition, the economic analysis showed a positive impact on the productivity of the farm, and possibly of the region, by lowering costs using IUI instead of CAI. In conclusion, the intrauterine insemination had a positive impact on the reproductive performance and on the economic parameters of porcine production.

PHYSIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: Factors influencing follicle development in gilts and sows and management strategies used to regulate growth for control of estrus and ovulation1.

Factors that affect follicle health and growth can influence estrus, ovulation, conception, and litter size. Since the majority of the breeding herd is composed of sows, production schedules are established based on synchronized follicle growth following weaning. Insemination of sows over a 3- to 4-d period after weaning facilitates farrowing over fewer days and helps improve the uniformity of pigs at weaning. Synchronized inseminations of the group are reduced when disturbance to the follicular phase results in delayed estrus. The failure of >15 follicles to uniformly progress beyond the 6.0 mm size within 4 d during the follicular phase is associated with delayed estrus and ovulation, reduced ovulation rate, and reduced farrowing rate. In sows, the follicular phase is initiated at weaning by removal of the suckling inhibition, whereas in cycling gilts, luteolysis and clearance of progesterone begins the process. The timing and patterns of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone stimulation to the ovary determine follicle health and selection for ovulation. Interestingly, abnormal wean-to-estrus intervals in sows and deviations from a 19- to 22-d estrous cycle in gilts are associated with reduced fertility. However, in both cases, it is not entirely clear whether the abnormal intervals are a direct result of problems occurring prior to or only during the follicular phase. In prepubertal gilts, the signal for initiating the follicular phase remains elusive, but could reside in differential sensitivity and response to hormone signals at the level of the ovary and brain. Although the mechanisms are not clear, factors such as boar exposure, stress, feed intake, growth rate, and birthweight have been shown to stimulate an early follicular phase. In contrast, inhibitors to follicle growth have been associated with season, heat stress, photoperiod, negative energy balance, poor body condition, slow growth, fewer parities, and short lactation length. Hormonal aids for inducing and delaying the follicular phase, as well as for inducing ovulation are available to aid in synchronized breeding schedules.

INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT VERSIONS ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION OF GILTS OF THEIR TRAITS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE ABILITY CONSOLIDATION

In addition to assessing the absolute performance of animals, the impact of certain technological approaches, breeding influence and other external organized factors on the consolidation of pigs groups on certain grounds should be evaluated. Breeding consolidation is a desirable breeding process that is realized through more motivated consolidation of intra-breeding structural units for maintaining a significant level of intergroup differentiation and variability. If the issue relates to the rearing young animals that are introduced into the herd, this is the most urgent issue that needs to be monitored. The purpose of the research is to determine the consociality of the main signs of reproductive ability of the gilts, which are checked at different rates of artificial insemination of sows of the main herd. The research was carried out at the Shubs`ke farm in the Bogoduhivsky District of Kharkiv Oblast at the pig farm for the pure breeding of the Welsh breed pigs (breeding reproductive status from 2014). In order to evaluate the optimal multiplicity (from single to triple), a gilts with a total of 30 heads was selected. The main indicators of reproductive ability of gilts (multiplicity, weight of nest at birth and excommunication and keeping piglets before weaning on day 28) were evaluated. Recalculation on the weight of the litter at weaning at the weight of the nest at extermination in 60 days was carried out in accordance with the current instruction on the boning of pigs. The results of researches were worked out according to traditional methods by the method of variation statistics. Consolidation of individual indicators of reproductive capacity of gilts was calculated to the total number of evaluated animals. In the previous stage of the research, it was found that the use of multiple insemination of gilts compared to single insemination is positively reflected at the level of their reproductive ability. A decrease in the percentage of non-productive inseminants in animal groups has been established. Triple insemination of gilts allows for 1.14 piglets to be obtained more compared to single insemination of the same pigs (p &lt; 0.01). Also, for three times insemination of gilts, in comparison with single insemination, larger nest for weaning were obtained (by 14.24 kg, converted to 60th day p &lt; 0.01). At the same time, the reduction in the keeping of piglets to weaning for increase frequency of insemination of gilts. According to the multiplicity of gilts, the most consolidated level of symptoms per group was obtained for single insemination. Increasing the multiplicity of insemination negatively affected the consolidation of the multiplicity of the piglets (as for determining the coefficients of phenotypic consolidation due to the mean square deviation, so, and for determining the coefficient of variability). The least consolidated in terms of multiplicity were uterus for double insemination. It should also be noted that there is little difference, in general, on the indicators of the theonotypical consolidation of the multiplicity of piglets between different groups of animals. So this difference between the most contrasting groups was 0.447 points for determining the coefficients due to the mean square deviation and 0.397 points for the determination due to the coefficient of variability, respectively. By weight of the same litters at birth, the most consolidated group was gilts, which was inseminated twice. The least consolidated are trimmed three times, respectively. The difference as a whole, according to the indicators of the theonotype consolidation of the mass of the litter’s piglets at birth, between different groups of pigs was even smaller. The difference between the most contrasting groups was 0.270 points for determining the coefficients due to the mean square deviation and 0.260 points for the determination due to the coefficient of variability, respectively. On the basis of the mass of the litter at weaning, the most consolidated level of symptoms was obtained in the group of gilts for triple insemination. The least consolidated group, respectively, was gilts for single insemination. At the same time, on the basis of the weight of the litter at weaning, the slightest differences were obtained after the consolidation of the signs between different groups of pigs. The difference between the most contrasting groups was 0.173 points for determining the coefficients due to the mean square deviation and 0.248 points for the determination due to the coefficient of variation, respectively. At different rates of insemination of gilts, there are no significant differences between the groups between the groups in terms of the consolidation of signs of reproductive ability. Also, there was no clear effect on increasing the multiplicity of insemination of gilts to the consolidation of their signs of reproductive qualities.

Application of lithium ascorbate for regulation of lipid-cholesterol metabolism and glutathione redox system in pregnant sows

The study is aimed at developing a method for using a new, organic drug – lithium ascorbate. The aim of the work is to develop a new, more effective and more physiological way to combat all forms of stress in farm animals to increase productivity. Lithium ascorbate is an adaptogen preparation capable of becoming one of the new effective and physiological elements of pork production biotechnology rationalization. The experiment was carried out on 5 groups of pregnant sows of Landrace breed (4 experimental and 1 control sows) with 5 heads each. After 30 days of fruitful insemination of sows 1, 2, 3 and 4 groups received daily with food lithium ascorbate in powder form in the dose of 10; 5; 2; 0.5 mg/kg of live weight, respectively. Weighing was carried out before the introduction of the drug. Repeated weighing was carried out in 2 and 3 months after fertilization and just before farrowing. In the blood plasma was determined dialdehyde, restored glutathione, oxidized glutathione, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, total protein, lipoprotein fraction is HDL, LDL, VLDL, thiol-disulfide ratio (SH/SS); activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. It is established that the introduction of feed sows at a dosage of 10, 5 and 2 mg/kg of body weight, ascorbate, lithium exhibits a pronounced adaptogen and stress-protection properties, supported on a physiological level, the dynamics of cortisol and progesterone during pregnancy. Lithium ascorbate contributes to increase of nonspecific resistance, growth of gestating sows, the tread in relation to technological and spontaneous stressors. The obtained data indicate that lithium ascorbate in sows in all studied parameters was effective, affecting lipid-cholesterol metabolism, glutathione reduction system and as a result, increasing the safety, live weight and reproductive function of sows. The experimental verification of the developed dose, scheme and method of administration, lithium ascorbate based on a set of biochemical and physiological parameters confirmed the validity of the proposed concept on the possibility of creating with its help new methods of effective and physiological management of behavioral reactions, non-specific resistance and productivity of animals.

INFLUENCE OF THE NEUROTROPIC-METABOLIC MEDICINES ON THE SOW’S PROLIFICACY

INFLUENCE OF THE NEUROTROPIC-METABOLIC MEDICINES ON THE SOW’S PROLIFICACY

EFFICIENCY OF INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION IN BREEDING SOWS

Improving of fertility indicators and reproductive qualities of sows during artificial insemination in farms of different specializations is very topical issue. The introduction of artificial insemination of sows on breeding farms by the spermdoses of optimum volume, by the frozen-thawed and sex sperm requires the introduction of innovative reproductive technologies. The use of economical methods of artificial insemination of sows using a minimum number of sperm in a small volume of spermdose in order to achieve high rates of fertility and prolificacy was proven in numerous experiments of the authors. Significantly reduced spermdose may be sufficient if the sperm enters deep enough into the uterus. Vitality of sperm does not depend on the size of spermdose, but the best place for sperm to survive one oviducts where they keep the fertilizing capacity from 9 to 27 hours. So deep intrauterine insemination of sows improves conditions for sperm survival The aim was to study the feasibility and justification for widespread implementation in to production on breeding farms of intrauterine insemination of sows morder to increase their fertilization and prolificacy and to save the boar sperm with the highest index of breeding values. Experiments were conducted in terms of selection and genetic center of Agrofirm "Mig-Service-Agro" in Mykolaiv region. In the experiment used 65 sows of live weight of 280-320 kg wiht 2-4 farrowing were. Sows in sexual hunting were showed once daily in the morning using a boar-prober. Artificial insemination was performed twice: the first time - in the afternoon and at 14-16 p.m. The second time – in the morning of the next day at 9-10 am. For artificial insemination of sows were ed using experimental spermodes with volume of 40 ml which contained 1.5 billion of a Active sperm. For the dilution of sperm was used Durasperm - KRUUSE (Denmark) the period of sperm perpetuation is 5-7 days. To enter the were semen used catheters Magaplus S, (Spain) for intrauterine insemination of sows. Analysis shows that the period from weaning to insemination has significant difference comparing sows of large White breed with Landrace breed (p &lt;0.001), with genotype sows F1 (p &lt;0.01) and sows of the Duroc breed (p &lt;0.05). For all selected 65 sows duration of suckling period, was estimated which averaged 32.2 days and the average time from weaning of pigs to their sexual inclination and the first intrauterine insemination 6.8 days that meets the physiological norm. After intrauterine insemination of sows of then 48 farrowed, which wich made for 73.9%. іncluding live 5 emergency farrow were obtained, representing 10.4% of all amount. Percentage of farrow is considered physiologically normal – 80%, or more of total insemined sows. The very low percentage of farrow 53.3% had of sows F1, and the highest percentage was found by sows of the Duroc breed – 85.7%. Pregnency of sows were received just 17, which made 26.1% and highest percentage – 46.7% was set by sows F1. Analysis of the pregnancy sows shows that on average it is 116.2 days was the longest – 117.1 days was set in Landrace breed sows and the short est 115.5 days in Large White breed, but the difference is not significant. 571 pigs were received, іncluding live 451 head, which is 78.9%. The largest percentage of іncluding live piglets obtained from sows F1 – 82.5%, and the lowest in Landrace breeds – 77.0% and Large White – 77.3%. Exit of all piglets per sow without emergency farrowings is 12.2, іncluding live – 9,8. The highest yield were obtained piglets from sows F1 – 13.1, іncluding live – 10.9, the lowest yield of sows of the Duroc breed – 10.6, іncluding live 9.1, which has significant difference compared with the control (IDPs) and other breeds. After intrauterine insemination 8 sows showed cyclic deregulation in 20-25 days, ie repeated sexual hunt took place on average 22.3 days. These sows were inseminated by not fractional way, they farrowed and an average litter just 13.1 piglets per sow, іncluding live - 11.3 was obtained. Repeating after intrauterine insemination on 45-48-49 day in the sexual hunt came about three sows for artificial insemination by not fractional method 3 farrowed and was obtained output – 13.3 piglets, іncluding live – 11.7. It should be noted that the best sow Large White breed №12 after intrauterine insemination bore 16 pigs, іncluding live 11, sow of Landrace breed №1556 – 18 pigs, іncluding live 12, Duroc №5888 – 13 pigs, іncluding live 11, sow F1 №167 – 20 pigs, іncluding live 14 pigs. Breeding requires more careful handling with major sows taking into account their breeding value and cost, that’s why we believe that there is no need to risk causing injury genitals with intrauterine insemination if a sufficient number of spermdoses of boars-sires exist.

Analysis of reproductive parameters after intrauterine insemination of sows with semen stored for different time periods

Introduction. Artificial insemination of sows with cooled semen has become a routine practice in the swine industry and has almost completely ruled out natural mating. The storage time of the cooled semen and preservation of its qualitative parameters are of the upmost importance and depend partly on the semen extender used. The aim of this study was to determine the quality of cooled semen during storage in a thermobox with a commercial extender by assessment of sperm motility, cytomorphology, and assessment of reproductive parameters in sows after intrauterine insemination. Materials and Methods. The semen was preserved with Duragen? (Magapor, Spain) extender and stored at 17?1?C. A total of 110 sows were included in the study and randomly divided into four groups: K1 (n=25) , K2 (n=25), K3 (n=30), and K4 (n=30). The sows were inseminated twice with semen (&gt;1x107/ml spermatozoa) which had been stored for 1 day (S1), 3 days (S3), 5 days (S5), or 7 days (S7). Pregnancy was diagnosed by imaging ultrasound. Results and Conclusions. The best results were obtained when the sows were inseminated with semen stored for one day. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the number and vitality of newborn piglets when semen stored for 3 or 5 days was used. Intrauterine insemination resulted in a satisfactory number of farrowings and piglets despite the fact that a relatively low number of spermatozoa was determined in each dose used. The use of semen with a higher dilution rate and its intrauterine application ensured a larger number of obtained doses from one ejaculate and indicates this would lead to a more profitable use of boars.

032 Use of Triptorelin Acetate for Inducing Ovulation and Facilitating Fixed Time Artificial Insemination of Sows Weaned on Small-Scale and Niche Market Pig Farms

032 Use of Triptorelin Acetate for Inducing Ovulation and Facilitating Fixed Time Artificial Insemination of Sows Weaned on Small-Scale and Niche Market Pig Farms