Form Of Inquiry Research Articles

The Logical Rise of Analytic Metaphysics

Analytic metaphysics is usually considered a contemporary form of traditional, pre-Cartesian metaphysics. This paper examines the epistemic legitimacy of analytic metaphysics in the face of scientific dominance. While naturalized metaphysics has found its place within science, analytic metaphysics remains challenged. To meet the challenge, I propose interpreting analytic metaphysics as a form of logical inquiry, positioning logic as its foundation, similarly to how science grounds naturalized metaphysics. The argument is developed through three key points: (1) tracing the historical connection between science and naturalized metaphysics on the one hand, and analytic metaphysics and philosophical logic on the other hand, (2) highlighting similarities between logic and metaphysics, and (3) demonstrating that contemporary analytic metaphysics often operates as a logical inquiry. I show that this strategy preserves classical options at the meta-metaphysical level, arguing that a view of logic as grounded in language is in a better position to safeguard the autonomy from science and the collapse into naturalized metaphysics.

Analytic theology and the academic study of religion: an overview

Abstract Analytic Theology and the Academic Study of Religion aims to explain analytic theology to other theologians, and to scholars of religion, and to explain those other fields to analytic theologians. The book defends analytic theology from some common criticisms, but also argues that analytic theologians have much to learn from other forms of inquiry. Analytic theology is a legitimate form of theology, and a legitimate form of academic inquiry, and it can be a valuable conversation partner within the wider religious studies academy. I aim to articulate an attractive vision of analytic theology, foster a more fruitful inter-disciplinary conversation, and enable scholars across the religious studies academy to understand one another better. Analytic theology can flourish in the secular academy, and flourish as authentically Christian theology.

Time to Cure and Predictive Factors Among Patients with Multi-Drug Resistance Tuberculosis in Puntland, Somalia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis, also known as MDR-TB, is caused by bacteria that are resistant to the most effective first-line anti-tuberculosis medications, which are rifampicin and isoniazid. MDR-TB is an increasing global concern, and its spread has varying cure times for patients affected. Thus, this study was intended to investigate the median time to cure and identify predictive factors for patients with MDR-TB in Puntland, Somalia. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out at the MDR-TB center in Galkayo, Puntland, Somalia between the years of July 2017 and August 2023. The study utilized data that were collected from the inquiry form and monitoring cards of a randomly selected sample of 130 patients over a 6-year period. The data were entered into Epi-Data version 4.3 and analyzed using R Programming version 4.4.0. Non-parametric methods were used to estimate the median time to cure for patients with MDR-TB. Semi-parametric and parametric models were employed to determine predictive factors that influence the time to cure for MDR-TB patients. The Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC) of different survival models were compared to select the model that offers the best fit. Results: Out of the total of MDR-TB patients, 109(83.85%) were cured and 21(16.15%) were censored during the follow-up period. The median time to cure from MDR-TB was found to be 619 days which is approximately 20 months. In accordance with the AIC and BIC, the Log-logistic accelerated failure time model was the best fit for the data as compared to the other AFT models. The result of the Log-logistic AFT model revealed that age, sex, disease site, and comorbidities significantly affect the time to cure for MDR-TB. According to this study, older age with MDR-TB patients, male MDR-TB patients, MDR-TB patients with comorbid conditions, and extrapulmonary MDR-TB patients had a longer time to cure than their reference categories. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, the median time to cure for patients with MDR-TB in Puntland was found to be 20 months. Sex, disease site, comorbidities and age were predictive factors of time to cure from MDR-TB.

Comparative Historical Analysis in Political Theory

AbstractTwo important methodological debates in political theory concern (i) the place of historical research and interpretation in normative inquiry; and (ii) the importance of comparing different cultural traditions of political thought. The first question animates a long-standing controversy over the relative importance of ‘history of political thought’ versus ‘philosophy’ in political theory, while the second has been central to the recent growth of ‘comparative political theory’. Despite both debates being concerned, in fundamental ways, with history and comparison, they have remained surprisingly disconnected from broader debates in the humanities and social sciences about the use of comparative history and, in particular, of the prominent methodological approach in political science known as ‘comparative historical analysis’. This may reflect the fact that the debates over history of political thought and comparative political theory have fundamentally revolved around thought—history as the history of thought and comparison as the comparison of thought—whereas comparative historical analysis is more centrally focused on the study of political behaviour. In this paper I suggest that this neglect of comparative historical analysis in political theory represents a missed opportunity. Like other forms of social scientific inquiry, comparative historical analysis can yield important empirical knowledge for political theorists. But I wish to more ambitiously suggest that comparative historical analysis can also be adapted for conducting normative political theory itself. I summarise the key features of comparative historical analysis for political theorists, and explain how its use of historical cases can supplement both the use of imaginary thought experiments and the study of contemporary politics. I then delineate three specific ways in which comparative historical analysis might be used to support normative inquiry: deductive testing, inductive construction, and casuistic elaboration. All three, I argue, can help meet recent calls to bring the study of real political behaviour more centrally into political theory research.

Gathering around a satellite image: Visual media cycles of the nuclear nonproliferation complex.

How have Western nongovernmental experts used remote sensing to make public knowledge about Iran's nuclear program? This article recounts several episodes in which experts and journalists congregated around satellite images to uncover hidden nuclear objects in Iran. Drawing from the theoretical tradition of co-production, I describe this recurrent collective experience as an imaginative exercise that can both coordinate and transform diverse communities of knowledge. I outline common temporal and thematic structures that define these episodes, and illuminate the role of commercial satellite imagery as material anchor that threads distributed imaginings together such that broadly-shared experience and sensibility can emerge. I argue that these collective imaginative practices have fomented civic-epistemic closure, not around affirmative nuclear facts or beliefs about Iran, but around a set of persistent questions about the 'possible military dimensions' of its nuclear past. I close by exploring the broader political effects of this form of recursive inquiry within the global nuclear order.

Using Poetic Assemblage to Trouble Stigma Associated With Perinatal Drug Use

The concept of assemblage has a long history in both the arts and social sciences. Assemblage thinking is particularly useful for critical scholars to engage with complex phenomena, such as drug use and stigma. Analytic methods that support assemblage thinking through the construction, deconstruction, and reconstruction of data-based assemblages are needed. This paper describes a qualitative analytic method, poetic assemblage, that merges the arts and social sciences to support assemblage thinking. I demonstrate its utility by presenting its application to data gathered on the stigma associated with perinatal drug use. Poetic assemblage, a form of poetic inquiry, uses disparate data sources to create temporary constructions that allow the researcher to make and remake connections and relationships across human, nonhuman, and discursive agents. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how this method can be used to support assemblage thinking and mid-level theorizing around complex and dynamic phenomena. The method involves the evolvement of constructed, deconstructed, and reconstructed research poems. This process creates a liminal space for the researcher to engage with multiple possibilities and allows for a focus on emergent questions rather than on identifying simple answers. Using a series of studies on how healthcare and social services are provided to pregnant and parenting people who use drugs (PPPWUD), I describe my initial use of poetic inquiry in data analysis and my subsequent recognition of its limitations in supporting assemblage thinking. I then demonstrate both the construction and reconstruction of assemblage poems as well as provide examples of analytic insights on structural stigma that were illuminated from the process. While I demonstrate its application to a specific form of stigma, I am proposing the method's utility for imagining new possibilities, identifying emergent questions, and deepening theorizing for any complex social issue.

A listening guide analysis of an immigrant woman’s journey away from the changing landscape of home

ABSTRACT Psychological science frequently treats the human psyche as isolated from the environment within which it exists. In this paper, I employ the Listening Guide method, a relational, embodied, dynamic form of qualitative inquiry, to conduct and analyze an interview with a young Turkish woman on her journey as she relocates to a city in Western Europe. Tracing the psychological logic within her narrative leads me to find that she holds together the psychologically incongruent processes of longing for vividly remembered places that are pervasively lost and rationalization regarding why they are not to be missed. Interpreting this discovery against the backdrop of her inner world, I find that for her, remembering and longing for places go hand in hand with her desire to envision, revitalize and reconstruct elements of remembered and felt places during the immigration journey. This research has implications for immigration studies as it demonstrates the psyche as embedded in places.

The Embodied Experiences of Injured Ultra-Runners: A Body-Mapping Study

AbstractThe sport of Ultra-running has seen exponential growth over the past ten years. These athletes attempt to push beyond unknown human limits by running for many hours at a time, often multiple times a week across mountains and trails. While research has begun to consider how injury impacts these athletes from an objective medical perspective, much less is known about their subjective embodied experiences. In particular, the discourses they resist and submit to when they are suddenly unable to run. This study describes the use of body-mapping and narrative interviewing as two forms of research inquiry merged together to explore the embodied experiences of eight ultra-runners who had recently experienced an injury. Plot lines were woven through the visual and textual material resulting in three master plots and eight sub plots. Stories of Body Self-transformation, Machina Carnis or the body-as-machine and senescence or the ageing body were layered by emplacing images and text onto life sized body maps creating vibrant art works. These art works were analysed alongside detailed narratives of endurance, strength, determination and loss. Through the art works participants were able to make visible the invisible, with the injury experience providing a window into former ways of being and current experiences of liminality and fear. This study provides insight into the shifting subjectivities of these extreme athletes brought about by pain and injury, and highlights the importance of using power leveling and emancipatory arts based research methods in accessing subjective experience.

Exploring the Stepped Care Model in Delivering Primary Mental Health Services-A Scoping Review.

The stepped care model (SCM) is a patient-centred approach to mental health care, offering a range of services from least to most intensive, tailored to individual needs. This scoping review examines the adoption, effectiveness, challenges and implications associated with applying SCM within primary mental health service delivery. Evidence from global sources suggests the model is viable, effective and useful. This review explores the literature available, clarifies fundamental concepts and identifies existing knowledge gaps. The literature search included CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, the Federation University library, Google and Google Scholar databases. A systematic keyword-based search using terms like "stepped care model," "mental health," and "primary care"; and a combination of keywords and subject headings, were used. The search strategy was refined by considering factors such as relevance, publication date, objectives and outcomes. This strategy yielded 20 papers compiled in this review. They include randomised controlled trials and cross-sectional studies. The review supports SCM adoption in primary mental health care but acknowledges the need for further research. Key inclusions of the review include cost-effectiveness, diverse diagnoses, efficacy and the model's structural configuration. Clear treatment details, delivery methods, intervention durations and chronological sequences are essential. This systematic approach enhances generalisability across different SCM models and areas, strengthening reliable inferences. In summary, the SCM holds promise for enhancing mental health service delivery. However, there is a need to further examine the factors that determine its effectiveness and understand the different ways in which SCM is implemented. Such inquiry forms the foundation for implementing and advancing mental health care services in Australia and internationally.

Inquiry for Social Transformation: Black Mother Scholars Redefining Scholarly Inquiry Through Black Artistic Expression

Writing, dancing, drawing, spittin’ rhymes, and other artistic expressions have long offered us, Black mother scholars, opportunities to reaffirm our humanity amid oppression (Fearon, 2023). Art offers Black mother scholars space to reconceptualise inquiry in ways that engage our families, challenge injustices, and usher social change within the educational milieu and beyond. The centring of Black artistic expression in educational research invites Black mother scholars to affirm the parts of ourselves, our families, and our communities that dominant forms of inquiry and anti-Blackness have sought to discredit. Educational research grounded in Black artistic expression compels us all to reimagine scholarly inquiry for social transformation. In this paper, I critically reflect on an arts-informed research study I led with a group of Black Canadian mothers who are adult literacy learners. In this reflexive piece, I explore how grounding research practices in Black art allows opportunities for storytelling, story listening, and Black refusal. Specifically, this paper explores the ways Black art supports researchers in addressing power differentials inherent in inquiry processes. The paper concludes with a series of reflective questions challenging scholars, especially Black mother scholars, to redefine traditional academic boundaries and recommit to social transformation through the arts.

Penerapan Metode Ekspository dalam Pembelajaran PAI di UPTD SD N 05 Mungka

The author's motivation for undertaking this study stems from a previous observation that instructors continued to employ an expository method that was monotonous and devoid of variety. The instructor primarily employs the lecture method to impart the learning material, which restricts their ability to utilise infrastructure and facilities such as mind mapping and concentration for the students. This form of inquiry employs descriptive qualitative research methodology, specifically characterising a symptom associated with a current event. By utilising data collection methods such as documentation, interviews, and observation. Class V students served as the primary informants, while the Islamic Religious Education Instructor and the School Principal provided supplementary information. Following this, the author conducts data analysis through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing from the study. The findings of the study indicate that: 1) The expository method was implemented with PAI subjects. After conducting research on its learning applications, it has been optimised. Because educators possess a professional demeanour and impart knowledge in accordance with their academic credentials. 2) Possessing assets that serve as corroborating elements in the instructor's implementation and utilisation of learning resources pertaining to Islamic religious education that are accessible and deemed satisfactory in their efficacy. However, there are impediments: a) the teacher's capacity to design learning is constrained (insufficient), b) the length of the teacher's explanations is excessive, c) the reliance on textbooks lacks creativity and is monotonous, and d) educators' endeavours to surmount challenges are also hindered. when the expository method is applied to PAI subjects:. 3) Efforts made by educators to overcome inhibiting factors in the application of expository methods, especially in PAI subjects, can be overcome by developing expository methods, such as using teaching aids, and supplementing with worksheets, and using textbooks that are less imaginative, rigid, and emphasized. on factual learning, memorization, and so on. Thus, it can be stated that the application of the expository method in the implementation of the Islamic Religious Education learning process produces a good learning process and can improve student learning achievement.

Ericksonian Hypnosis as a Possible Form of Inquiry: A Peircean Phenomenological Approach.

The present article proposes a phenomenological analysis of Ericksonian hypnosis, highlighting it as a potential form of inquiry on human subjectivity. Ericksonian hypnosis is one of the most innovative therapeutic approaches created in the twentieth century. It is commonly understood as a kind of therapy and not a possible way of inquiry. Therapists usually associate hypnosis to private or institutional practice, and rarely to universities or research centers. Consequently, Ericksonian hypnosis is usually seen as a school of therapy and not a creative form of inquiry that may significantly contribute to understanding both the field of hypnosis as well as the human self. To achieve our objective, this work explains the three categories of Peircean Phenomenology and its relevance as a meta-theory to describe and promote the understanding of the different fields of experience in hypnosis. A case study of Erickson's hypnosis is then presented and discussed through the three clinical attitudes inspired by these phenomenological categories. Each attitude will also be linked to a specific knowledge pathology, such as pop theories, technicism, and doctrinarian thought. Some remarks will be made to approach Erickson's hypnosis to other schools of psychotherapy during the explanation on clinical attitudes. Therefore, the authors demonstrate that Erickson's approach of hypnosis is not just a school of therapy with its list of interventions, but that it affords relevant contributions to understanding human subjectivity while simultaneously being a form of inquiry.

Conceptual engineering, cognitive deficiency, and the foundations of conceptual inquiry

ABSTRACT As usually understood, ‘conceptual engineering’ is a form of conceptual inquiry aimed at diagnosing problems with extant concepts and finding better concepts to replace them. This can seem like an appropriate response to a skeptical concern that our concepts are cognitively deficient: unsuitable for use in serious inquiry. We argue, however, that conceptual engineering, so understood, cannot reasonably be motivated in this way. The basic problem is that on the first hand, since conceptual engineering is itself a form of inquiry, it cannot succeed by using the problematic concept itself in inquiry (since it is unsuitable for use in inquiry); but, on the other hand, methods for carrying out inquiry directed at concepts without using those concepts are constrained in such a way as to make conceptual engineering very unlikely to succeed. The upshot is that conceptual engineering has no reasonable chance of addressing the skeptical concern about cognitive deficiency. This is an important and previously unarticulated result, about what conceptual engineering can and cannot reasonably be expected to do.

Laughing to keep from [use input undefined]: ChatGPT, Jewish humor, and cultural erasure

This paper uses the embodied, Jewish identities of its three authors, and the experimental methodology of kibbitzing as a form of collective inquiry and self-reflexive praxis in order to demonstrate the limitations of chatbots to produce humorous narratives from an explicitly Jewish epistemology. By contrasting the affordances of large language models (LLMs) and their associated chatbots with the context-based logics of Jewish joke craft and storytelling, this article goes on to demonstrate the risk of cultural erasure that is posed by the positivist, denotative meanings associated with ChatGPT’s attempts at producing jokes for, or about, Jews.

Evaluation of Learning Media Creation Based on Results of Computational Chemistry Calculations Visualised

The objective of this study is to determine the outcomes of the requirements analysis and learning materials for electrolyte and non-electrolyte solution materials. Additionally, learning materials will be developed utilising computational chemical calculations and visualisation of the results to create learning media based on the National Education Standards Agency (BSNP) requirements. This kind of study uses the ADDIE development model and is referred to as development research. There are five steps in the current ADDIE model: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The entire student body of one of the senior high schools in Padangsidempuan City, North Sumatera, Indonesia, served as the study's population. The participants in this research were senior high school students from Padangsidempuan City, North Sumatera, Indonesia. The use of a purposive sampling technique yields grade X as the research sample. An inquiry form derived from the National Education Standards Agency was used as the research tool. Utilising a significance level of 5%, the data analysis was conducted using the SPSS 22 for Windows software. The investigation's findings demonstrate the need for educational materials to help pupils struggling with learning. Based on 95% validation findings, the learning materials for both electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions visualise the outcomes of computational chemical calculations.

“Are you here for performance or are you here for well-being?” Using participatory research to promote thriving in a British Olympic sport organization

To support the growing calls to safeguard athlete health and well-being in the pursuit of sporting success, empirical research into thriving may offer practitioners potential mechanisms to promote both outcomes simultaneously. Yet, given that elite sport environments are increasingly characterized as complex and volatile, applying theoretical knowledge is often not straightforward. In this novel study we aimed to bridge the gap between theory and practice by partnering with a sport psychologist to explore their experiences of promoting thriving within an Olympic sport organization. Using a participatory research approach in a typically inaccessible context, we sought to support the specific needs of the practitioner through a form of collaborative inquiry. Together, over a 9-month period, we navigated the complexities of translating knowledge into practice and present novel insights into the realities of effectively creating systems-level change. Namely, the need for practitioners to deftly negotiate complex interpersonal relationships and organizational cultures, and to democratize responsibility for psychological change to wider stakeholders. Regarding thriving, we demonstrate that the promotion of thriving requires an in-depth understanding of the athletic environment and organizational systems. Further, an array of athlete perspectives is needed when determining what contributes to and constitutes a thriving experience. Through our collaboration with an applied practitioner, this study makes a significant contribution toward bridging the gap between theory and practice. In doing so, we draw attention to the complex and challenging scenarios practitioners face when promoting change at an environmental level within elite sport organizations. Lay summary: Using a participatory research approach, we explored the experiences of a sport psychologist attempting to promote athlete thriving within a British Olympic sport organization. Our findings highlight the challenges and opportunities of practitioners working in these settings.

Interpretive Methods in Disability Studies: Dyslexia Inflected Inquiry

This article explores how disability studies can take shape as an interpretive method and how disability-perception can influence this. My exploration is organized in relation to the following question: In what ways might attention to dyslexia as an interpretive act inflect social inquiry? I treat interpretive methods as a form of inquiry that attends to the social activity of interpretation itself and I regard dyslexia as part of such activity. A key issue for such inquiry is how to methodically engage appearances as an interpretive encounter: That is, how can we make the taken-for-granted activity of perception as interpretation available for reflection and keep the subject ∞ object chiasma* relation a primary focus? Disability studies is a starting point for such inquiry in at least two ways: (a) it brings to attention the ways in which people interpret disability and (b) it considers how impairment experience itself is an interpretive modality that can momentarily disrupt the normative flow of common-sense, revealing aspects of the act of interpretation, and making it available for reflection. This article will show how the perception of disability as well as disability-perception can be regarded as enacting a “pause” in the everyday flow of common-sense and, thereby, encounter interpretive acts as an occasion for further inquiry. I turn to descriptions of perceptions and experiences of dyslexia as interpretive scenes where the normative order of ordinary interpretation can be revealed. I address various ways that dyslexia is described as a disruption to the normative order of language, especially the written word, print-language, even as the term dyslexia is used as a sense-making-device to reassert the primacy of normative expectations and values in literate-culture. As a sense-making-device imposed from without or as experience that seems to come from within, or as both, the appearance of “dyslexia” serves as a primal scene for uncovering the ways in which the social order of interpretation works. *Chiasma is not a dyslexic rendering of “chasm.” Instead, chiasma refers to the crosswise relation between concepts and structures that rely on each other for their meaning, for example, reading and readers; subject and object.

Fourth Person

In the context of polycrisis and systemic collapse, the primary challenge we face is a widely shared sense of collective depression—a lack of agency in regard to the bigger picture. What does it take to serve evolutionary transformation in the face of systemic collapse? In our view, it takes a form of knowing which extends beyond the current constructs of first-, second- and third-person knowing around which much of our current learning, knowledge, and leadership systems are organized. In this paper, we suggest fourth-person knowing as a distinct epistemology at the intersection of the other three, and we draw on our action research to illuminate five phenomena that point to and distinguish fourth-person knowing: (1) knowing that comes through me but is not of me; (2) knowing that shows up in my individual experience as a decentering of perception; (3) a heightened sense of potential, of possibilities that previously were experienced as unattainable now appear to be in reach; (4) sensing your own agency in helping the ‘universe’ (the larger field) to evolve; and (5) significant long term impact in terms of practical results. It is our hope that by articulating fourth person knowing we can provide an epistemic basis upon which research and inquiry methodologies can be built, complementing first-, second- and third-person forms of inquiry, methodologies based on deep sensing and presencing that support individuals and collectives to recognize, connect with and manifest what is theirs to do in the wider context of this moment and the incipient patterns of emergence and movement making.

Introducing Marxist Literary Criticism

Marxism as an ideology and mode of practice continues to exist in the twenty first century. It is not as orthodox and dogmatic as it used to be in the mid twentieth century. It has absorbed and reformulated many contemporary critical trends like post-Marxism and has reappeared in different theoretical garbs. Marxist literary criticism is by no means a bygone critical mode; it is very much in practice and has taken on different forms of enquiry like post-colonialism and cultural studies. Given the all-pervasive nature and presence of Marxist literary criticism in academic and research world and its usefulness in exploring hidden aspects of texts, it is significant to know its basics and recent developments in its pursuits. As long as people are still thinking dialectically, they are still disagreeing with each other, and as long as people are still disagreeing with philosophers, Marxist literary criticism will be important. Marxism, in particular, had several modifications. It is important to note that someone who really believes in and supports Marxist political theory ought to put it into reality. The present paper tries to briefly sketch its basic assumptions and its mode of enquiry. Researchers and students need to get their ideas and views about Marxist literary criticism clear so that they can apply its tenets to texts for insightful understanding.

(Extra)ordinary images: photography, memory and creative documentary – Rwanda and Argentina

This essay is a reflection on two creative documentary films produced as outputs of projects supported by the British Academy: The Faces We Lost (2017) and (Dis)Appear (2023). Both films focus on the commemorative and memorial functions of domestic and ID photographs – The Faces We Lost in relation to the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda and (Dis)Appear in relation to the civic-military dictatorship in Argentina (1976–1983). The essay outlines the importance of domestic and ID photographs in each context and discusses some of the conceptual, formal and creative decisions behind the two documentaries. But it also attempts to contribute to the conversation about creative documentary filmmaking, and creative practice research more generally, as a form of academic enquiry. Lastly, it asks questions about the opportunities and limitations of making films within the academic rather than commercial environment, especially films made in and about the Global South.