Input Subsystem Research Articles

Dynamic simulation of policy-driven green technology innovation networks: Digital empowerment and collaborative efficiency

To delve into the intricate dynamics of green innovation, it is imperative to establish a policy-driven green innovation network and optimize its multi-entity collaborative mechanism. Given the dynamic complexity of a technological innovation network composed of multiple entities, this paper examines the interactions among four subsystems based on system dynamics (SD) simulation: resource input, innovation performance, policy-driven, and digital empowerment subsystem. Furthermore, we analyze the combined effects of policy-driven initiatives and the role of digital platforms in facilitating innovation efficiency based on empirical evidence. The results indicate that: (1) Government can effectively promote green development by enforcing stronger environmental regulations, such as increasing carbon trading price, while enhancing the emission reduction efficiency of innovative products. (2) Increased per capita R&D investment, along with financial, tax, fiscal incentives for innovation investment, will increase the rate of innovation achievements. (3) Government should strengthen talent policy during anticipated increases in talent numbers and reduce the intensity of introductions during expected declines. (4) By implementing incentive policies to develop S&T platforms, government can broaden innovation network cooperation, promotes resource aggregation, and leverages multi-entity cohort effects.

Village Autonomy in Facing Village Independence

This research aims: 1) to describe the concept of Village Autonomy, 2) to describe Independent Villages, 3) to describe Village Autonomy, village autonomy towards village independence. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research with a library research approach. The results of this research are 1) The implementation of Village Autonomy is genuine, complete and complete autonomy and is not a gift from superior or supra-village government, on the contrary, the government is obliged to respect the original autonomy of the village; 2) The independent village concept is a rural development pattern based on an integrated concept starting from the input subsystem, primary production subsystem, product processing subsystem, marketing subsystem, and support services subsystem; village autonomy towards village independence is carried out through the development of rural areas to be targeted and appropriate with what is in the interests of village communities, planning mechanisms for implementing village development must be carried out starting from the bottom.

Lavor-saving input power identification method in actual operation using experimental SEA

Input power identification using experimental SEA requires measurement of all subsystems. However, it is sometimes difficult to measure the energies in operation in real mechanical structures. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to identify the input power during operation using only the measurable subsystem energy, excluding the subsystem energy that is difficult to measure. This method is referred to as the "lavor-saving method". This method focuses on subsystems with zero input power. This method allows the input power to be identified even if the number of subsystems whose energy is measured is reduced. This paper discusses the effect of the accuracy of the SEA model and its applicability, including the choice of measurement subsystems. The results show that to ensure the accuracy of input power identification in the lavor-saving method, it is necessary to measure the input subsystem to be evaluated. Finally, the results of the application of the method to the identification of the input power from the road surface to the tire in rolling tests are reported.

Rice Farmers’ Agrarian Dynamics, a Historical Perspective

Abstract: As the staple food of Indonesians, rice has become an economic and political commodity in the country. This study aims to analyze the agrarian dynamics of rice farmers from a historical perspective, focusing on studying how the agrarian change affected the rice production mode in the present situation. The historiography approach used to produce critical analysis was complemented by tracing literature studies, especially in West Java, one of the main rice producers in Indonesia. The results showed that the structure of land tenure and ownership in rice farming had undergone a fundamental change. The dynamics that appear in rice can be seen at the level of agricultural technology intervention and local and national policies, which have experienced changes due to pressure from the agricultural production input sub-system. This pressure led to a change in peasant institutions that shifted from informal to formal, which was not in line with the structure of land tenure and ownership, which was still dominated by petty commodity producers. Keywords: Agrarian dynamics, farmers, historical, paddy

Hubungan antara sistem produksi dan kerjasama kemitraan dengan keberhasilan usahatani tanaman hias Hanjuang (Cordyline fruticosa) di Kecamatan Sukalarang, Kabupaten Sukabumi, Jawa Barat

This study aims to determine the relationship between the production system and partnership cooperation with the success of Hanjuang (Cordyline fruticosa) ornamental plant farming. The unit of analysis is the Hanjuang Ornamental Plant Farmers in partnership with PT. Noah Han Semesta in Sukalarang District, Sukabumi Regency, West Java Province. The analysis technique used is Pearson correlation analysis and path analysis. The results showed that the performance of Hanjuang ornamental plant farming was quite profitable, with an income of Rp44,957,631,-. The Product planning subsystem; production input subsystem; process subsystem; and control subsystem obtained an achievement level of 80.24% outstanding criteria. Provision of production facilities, Technical guidance, and Marketing of Production Results obtained a level of achievement of 78.95% (good criteria). The following dimensions: productivity; plant quality; and efficiency of farming, obtained a level of achievement of 78.81% (good criteria). Production systems and partnerships have a positive and significant effect on the success of Hanjuang ornamental plant farming. The contribution of the Production System was obtained by 27.27%, and the Partnership and Partnership variable's contribution was 44.24 %.

KAJIAN SISTEM AGRIBISNIS SAYURAN HIDROPONIK DALAM MENUNJANG KETAHANAN PANGAN DI KOTA TARAKAN

Food security will remain a fundamental problem in meeting the basic needs of the community, not only in rural areas but also in urban areas. Tarakan City is a city located in North Kalimantan and has a population density that causes limited availability of land for agriculture. One solution to overcome this is hydroponic cultivation to support food self-sufficiency in border areas. This study aims to identify and examine through an agribusiness system approach including input subsystems, farming/cultivation, processing, marketing and hydroponic business support services. The research method used is descriptive qualitative through agribusiness systems approach. The method of determining the sample is purposive sampling. The results of this study indicate that hydroponic vegetable farming in Tarakan City that the upstream subsystem includes production facilities and infrastructure such as screenhouses, seeds, nutrition, and agricultural machinery. On Farm subsystem covers an area of 10 x 15 m2 with a total income of Rp.1,373,000, per production. The downstream subsystem includes processing products such as sorting and packing and using a marketing mix approach consisting of two marketing channels. The supporting subsystem consists of government institutions, namely the Food and Agriculture Service, the Industry, Trade and SMEs Service, as well as a private institution, namely PT. Medco. Key words:, Agribusiness, Food Security, Hydroponics

An Evaluation of the Coupling Coordination of Technological Innovation System in China's Marine Biopharmaceutical Industry.

The marine biopharmaceutical industry (MBI) has been considered as an important part of the blue economy. The high-quality development of this industry depends on the high-level coordinated development of technological innovation system (TIS). In the present study, the coupling mechanism of industrial innovation input subsystem and innovation output subsystem was analyzed for the first time. On this basis, the development level and coupling coordination level of TIS in China’s MBI during 2008–2018 were empirically evaluated with the capacity coupling coordination model. Then, the obstacle factors were diagnosed and recognized with the obstacle model. The results showed that the innovation input index fluctuated at a low level in China’s MBI. The innovation output index has basically maintained a growth trend, whereas the quality of development was not high. Although the coupling coordination level of TIS showed a positive change as mild disordered → primary coordinated → well-coordinated, the development type of innovation system has changed from the lagging output of innovation into the lagging input of innovation. Insufficient input of innovation factors remained the main obstacle to the improvement of coordination level. Based on the above analysis, suggestions were put forward from the perspectives of policy and fund guarantees to improve the coupling coordination level in China’s MBI.

Event-triggered-based cooperative game optimal tracking control for modular robot manipulator with constrained input

In this paper, a cooperative game optimal tracking control method based on event-triggered mechanism for constrained input modular robot manipulators (MRMs) system is introduced. According to the joint torque feedback technique, the dynamics model of the constrained input subsystem is established and the global state space equation is derived. The control inputs of n joints in the MRM system with constrained input are taken as n participants of cooperative game, and the tracking control problem of the manipulator system is transformed into the optimal control problem based on the cooperative game. Next, a fusion function containing position and velocity errors is defined to construct the performance index function. In order to improve the control performance and robustness of the manipulator system, part of the known model information is used to devise controller, the model uncertainty is dealt by the neural network (NN) observer, and the optimal compensation control strategy is used to deal with internal disturbance such as sensor measurement error and transmission ripple due to power fluctuations, electromagnetic effects, noise and vibration. Based on the adaptive dynamic programming algorithm and event-triggered mechanism, the optimal tracking control strategy is obtained by approximately solving the event-triggered Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation with the critic NN. The Lyapunov theory proves that trajectory tracking error of MRM system with constrained input is uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.

The linkage among the agribusiness system cassava industrialization in trenggalek regency, east java, indonesia

The development of agricultural industrialization of cassava is not much running with the maximum because of the unprecedented synchronization between consumer wishes and goods produced by manufacturers. The purpose of this research was to analyze the elements’ linkages among agribusiness subsystems to encourage the success of cassava industrialization. The results showed that the linkage between agribusiness subsystems of cassava had not been applied optimally. It was because the cassava commodity was still positioned as a side crop by farmers. In addition, the industrialization of cassava required the coordination and linkage of the information that has been upstream and downstream. Thus, the input subsystem, production subsystem, and marketing subsystem must be observed by farmers to increase income.

The Role of Agricultural Extension on The Development of Farmers Group (Case Study: Pare Sub-district, Blitar Regency, East Java)

Agricultural extension is a learning process that designed to improve the skills of agricultural operators, in particular farmers. This study aimed to determine whether agricultural extension activities have a role to play in the development of Agro-politan areas and what factors impact agricultural extension. Descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, and factor analysis were used. Based on descriptive statistical analysis, it can be seen that agricultural extension agents play a role in three subsystems in the Agropolitan Area (input subsystem, process subsystem, and marketing subsystem). Based on the correlation analysis and factor analysis, three factors influenced agricultural extension's success, such as the participation of farmers, the performance of agricultural extensions, and the methods of the extension used.

Piloting moringa agribusiness to improve villagers’ economic community

This activity was motivated by the low economic status of the village community, which is located far from the center of the district capital. On the other hand, there is potential for the development of kelor (Moringa) in the village. This community service was carried out with the aim of improving the community's economy through Moringa agribusiness in Pilangrejo Village, Nglipar District, Gunung Kidul Regency. This activity was carried out in January-June 2020, in Danyangan Hamlet, Pilangrejo Village, Nglipar District, Gunungkidul Regency. This activity was attended by the people of Danyangan Hamlet, both men and women. The male participants were those who make a living as farmers. While the female participants were housewives who do not have any permanent livelihood. The number of primary participants were 10 people who were community leaders in Pilangrejo Village. The implementation stages of activities include kelor planting and seedling, training on post-harvest processing, and providing production tool. The implementation of this activity is based on subsystems in agribusiness, namely the upstream (input) subsystem, on-farm subsystem and downstream subsystem. The results of this activity can be said that the piloting of Moringa agribusiness can be one solution that can be done in an effort to improve the economy of the community in Danyangan Hamlet, Pilangrejo Village, Gunung Kidul Regency. The benefits that can be obtained in this activity include the sale of Moringa powder and the use of Moringa as the main menu in the community's food pattern.

Causal and compositional structure of unitary transformations

The causal structure of a unitary transformation is the set of relations of possible influence between any input subsystem and any output subsystem. We study whether such causal structure can be understood in terms of compositional structure of the unitary. Given a quantum circuit with no path from input systemAto output systemB, systemAcannot influence systemB. Conversely, given a unitaryUwith a no-influence relation from inputAto outputB, it follows from [B. Schumacher and M. D. Westmoreland, Quantum Information Processing 4 no. 1, (Feb, 2005)] that there exists a circuit decomposition ofUwith no path fromAtoB. However, as we argue, there are unitaries for which there does not exist a circuit decomposition that makes all causal constraints evidentsimultaneously. To address this, we introduce a new formalism of `extended circuit diagrams', which goes beyond what is expressible with quantum circuits, with the core new feature being the ability to represent direct sum structures in addition to sequential and tensor product composition. Acausally faithfulextended circuit decomposition, representing a unitaryU, is then one for which there is a path from an inputAto an outputBif and only if there actually is influence fromAtoBinU. We derive causally faithful extended circuit decompositions for a large class of unitaries, where in each case, the decomposition is implied by the unitary's respective causal structure. We hypothesize that every finite-dimensional unitary transformation has a causally faithful extended circuit decomposition.

Systemic- Processual Shared Leadership Model with reference to Team Variables in IT Industry in India

The team characteristics under shared leadership are very important variables determining goal accomplishment by teams . There have been numerous studies on shared leadership and team characteristics . How do the team characteristics vary in content and importance and how do they impact functioning of team and are of relevance to goal achievement ? This paper is devoted to such interesting explorations like processual and systematic understanding of shared leadership in general and it’s team characteristic in particular. In this regard, attempt is made to galvanise intellectual thought towards dynamic , processual and systematic study of variables related to team like team characteristics and shared leadership. The IT teams mostly handle changing , dynamic newer projects demanding readjustment of team variables . The sample included 300 team members for collection of responses with regard to the team characteristics like multidisciplinary contribution, technical complexity , distributed actions , reciprocal dependency , value to member expertise , decision making opportunity, member feedback , consensual working , synchronised plans . Based on correlational and variance analysis , effort has been made to explore if shared leadership can be looked upon as a system model with input , throughput and output sub-systems . The findings of this research study include not only how conglomeration of the team variables into a system with the input-throughput and output subsystem may happen but also the various components comprising these subsystems . Also these components’ findings about the input, throughput , output and feedback sub-systems were verified through discussions with the experts .

Multiview High Dynamic Range Image Synthesis Using Fuzzy Broad Learning System.

Compared with the normal low dynamic range (LDR) images, the high dynamic range (HDR) images provide more dynamic range and image details. Although the existing techniques for generating the HDR images have a good effect for static scenes, they usually produce artifacts on the HDR images for dynamic scenes. In recent years, some learning-based approaches are used to synthesize the HDR images and obtain good results. However, there are also many problems, including the deficiency of explaining and the time-consuming training process. In this article, we propose a novel approach to synthesize multiview HDR images through fuzzy broad learning system (FBLS). We use a set of multiview LDR images with different exposure as input and transfer corresponding Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy subsystems; then, the structure is expanded in a wide sense in the "enhancement groups" which transfer from the TS fuzzy rules with nonlinear transformation. After integrating fuzzy subsystems and enhancement groups with the trained-well weight, the HDR image is generated. In FBLS, applying the incremental learning algorithm and the pseudoinverse method to compute the weights can greatly reduce the training time. In addition, the fuzzy system has better interpretability. In the learning process, IF-THEN fuzzy rules can effectively help the model to detect the artifacts and reject them in the final HDR result. These advantages solve the problem of existing deep-learning methods. Furthermore, we set up a new dataset of multiview LDR images with corresponding HDR ground truth to train our system. Our experimental results show that our system can synthesize high-quality multiview HDR images, which has a higher training speed than other learning methods.

МОДЕЛЬ ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-СОВЕТУЮЩЕЙ СИСТЕМЫ ПОДДЕРЖКИ ПРИНЯТИЯ РЕШЕНИЯ ПРИ ВЫБОРЕ СПОСОБА ТЕСТИРОВАНИЯ ПРО-ГРАММНОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ

High quality software systems is an urgent task for any enterprise. Improving quality increases the competitiveness and relevance of software products. One of the tools to ensure quality is testing software systems. This article discusses the basic principles of building an information-advisory system (IAS) of decision support when choosing a method for testing software. The conceptual approaches to testing based on the functional characteristics of software classes are analyzed. When choosing a testing method, it is recommended to take into account not only the financial component, but also the specific characteristics of the tested software system. A list of questions has been developed with the help of which the qualitative properties of software systems are formalized. The list of questions is based on the ISO / IEC 25010: 2011 model. Questionnaires and tables of pairwise comparisons of questions are invited to fill out a group of experts. Questions have equivalent significance with respect to the criterion of “Importance for Automation”. When selecting experts, it is not always possible to create a homogeneous group, therefore, it is proposed to calculate the weighting coefficients of competence of each expert. Based on the data obtained, weights are calculated for answers to questions. Next, the convolution is calculated and, depending on the result, a recommendation is made on choosing the type of testing. The analytical and structural model of IAS is constructed. In the developed software system, a data input subsystem, a subsystem for ranking questions and expert competencies, and a unit for generating the resulting data are allocated. The proposed IAS will make it possible to calculate the competency coefficients of experts, to rank questions according to the degree of importance for testing automation, and to choose the optimal approach to testing software systems.

Energy-Based Adaptive Oscillation Control of the Electromechanical Systems

The swing-up control of the electromechanical systems is considered. Electromechanical system is the cascade system. The input subsystem is a mechanical plant. The output subsystem is the actuator which dynamics cannot be neglected in particular oscillation control problem. The energy-based objective function is used to design the energy efficient virtual control law of output subsystem. The control objectives are achieving the mechanical subsystem’s reference energy and boundedness of closed-loop cascade system trajectories.In parametric uncertainty, both energy and the control objective depends on unknown parameters of a mechanical subsystem. That complicates the design procedure. The modified Speed bi-gradient method (SBGM) to identify unknown parameters, achieve a desired energy and provide boundedness of the trajectories is proposed. Modifications of SBGM are the introduction of the output subsystem tunable model, and indirect adaptive control design. Swing-up control is calculated based on current estimation performed by the adaptation loop that is without preliminary identification. The design procedure, conditions of applicability and stability analysis are presented. The proposed method is used to design the swing-up control of pendulum under parametric uncertainty. The experimental results coтfirming the performance of a closed-loop system are demonstrated.

Postural regulation and stability with acoustic input in normal-hearing subjects.

BackgroundPostural regulation is based on complex interactions among postural subsystems. The auditory system too appears to have an influence on postural control.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to measure the influence of auditory input on postural control and to gain a deeper understanding of the interactions between auditory input and postural subsystems including subjective aspects.Materials and methodsIn 30 healthy normal-hearing subjects, postural regulation and stability was measured with the Interactive Balance System (IBS; Inc. neurodata GmbH, Wien, Österreich) in 8 test positions with noise (frontal presentation) and plugged without noise. The IBS is an electrophysiological measurement device that measures postural control at the product level (e.g., stability, weight distribution) and the mechanisms of postural subsystems at the process level based on frequency-oriented fast-Fourier analysis of force–time relation.ResultsAt the process level, we found a relevant reduction (ηp2 ≥ 0.10) of postural regulation with noise in the frequency bands F1 (visual and nigrostriatal system ηp2 = 0.122) and F2–4 (peripheral vestibular system ηp2 = 0.125). At the product level, the weight distribution index (WDI) parameter showed a relevant increase with noise (ηp2 = 0.159). No difference between the auditory conditions was found for postural stability (parameter: stability indicator, ST). Substantial interindividual variations in the subjective estimation of the influence of auditory inputs on stability were observed.ConclusionIn this study, a shift in the activity of postural subsystems was observed with auditory input, while no difference was seen in ST. This leads to new insights into mechanisms of audiovestibular interaction.

Improved Active Disturbance Rejection-Based Decentralized Control for MIMO Nonlinear Systems: Comparison with The Decoupled Control Scheme

A decentralized control scheme is developed in this paper based on an improved active disturbance rejection control (IADRC) for output tracking of square Multi-Input-Multi-Output (MIMO) nonlinear systems and compared with the decoupled control scheme. These nonlinear MIMO systems were subjected to exogenous disturbances and composed of high couplings between subsystems, input couplings, and uncertain elements. In the decentralized control scheme, it was assumed that the input couplings and subsystem couplings were both parts of the generalized disturbance. Moreover, the generalized disturbance included other components, such as exogenous disturbances and system uncertainties, and it was estimated within the context of Active Disturbance rejection Control (ADRC) via a novel nonlinear higher order extended state observer (NHOESO) from the measured output and canceled from the input channel in a real-time fashion. Then, based on the designed NHOESO, a separate feedback control law was developed for each subsystem to achieve accurate output tracking for given reference input. With the proposed decentralized control scheme, the square MIMO nonlinear system was converted into approximately separate linear time invariant Single-Input-Single-Output (SISO) subsystems. Numerical simulations in a MATLAB environment showed the effectiveness of the proposed technique, where it was applied on a hypothetical MIMO nonlinear system with strong couplings and vast uncertainties. The proposed decentralized control scheme reduced the total control signal energy by 20.8% as compared to the decoupled control scheme using Conventional ADRC (CADRC), while the reduction was 27.18% using the IADRC.

Posturale Regulation und Stabilität unter akustischem Input bei Normalhörenden

Postural regulation is based on complex interactions among postural subsystems. The auditory system too appears to have an influence on postural control. The aim of this study was to measure the influence of auditory input on postural control and to gain a deeper understanding of the interactions between auditory input and postural subsystems including subjective aspects. In 30healthy normal-hearing subjects, postural regulation and stability was measured with the Interactive Balance System (IBS; Inc.neurodata GmbH, Wien, Österreich) in 8test positions with noise (frontal presentation) and plugged without noise. The IBS is an electrophysiological measurement device that measures postural control at the product level (e.g., stability, weight distribution) and the mechanisms of postural subsystems at the process level based on frequency-oriented fast-Fourier analysis of force-time relation. At the process level, we found arelevant reduction (ηp2 ≥ 0.10) of postural regulation with noise in the frequency bands F1 (visual and nigrostriatal system ηp2 = 0.122) and F2-4 (peripheral vestibular system ηp2 = 0.125). At the product level, the weight distribution index (WDI) parameter showed arelevant increase with noise (ηp2 = 0.159). No difference between the auditory conditions was found for postural stability (parameter: stability indicator, ST). Substantial interindividual variations in the subjective estimation of the influence of auditory inputs on stability were observed. In this study, a shift in the activity of postural subsystems was observed with auditory input, while no difference was seen in ST. This leads to new insights into mechanisms of audiovestibular interaction.

Wearable system for real-time monitoring of hemodynamic parameters: Implementation and evaluation

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality in the world. The development of new devices and methods for continuous monitoring of hemodynamic parameters throughout the day is relevant for ensuring healthy lifestyle as well as for supporting the ageing population. We describe the Wearable Hemodynamic Parameter Monitoring System for continuous 24/7 hemodynamic parameter monitoring. The proposed solution uses a novel noise-resistant photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal input subsystem based on monitoring of Arterial Pulse Wave front edge modulated with an optical Barker code. The developed system uses only 20 % of the energy for hemodynamic parameter monitoring in comparison to conventional methods. The developed system ensures the same quality of blood pressure measurement as top products in the market, but energy saving allows the prolonged use of device in home environment.