Input Current Ripple Research Articles

Ultrahigh Step-Up DC-DC Converter Utilizing a Three-Winding Coupled Inductor and a Switched Capacitor Network With Reduced Input Current Ripple and Low Voltage Stress on the Power Switch

Ultrahigh Step-Up DC-DC Converter Utilizing a Three-Winding Coupled Inductor and a Switched Capacitor Network With Reduced Input Current Ripple and Low Voltage Stress on the Power Switch

Smoothed TCM-DPWM and Input Current Ripple Reduction for Three-Phase DC–AC ZVS Inverters

Smoothed TCM-DPWM and Input Current Ripple Reduction for Three-Phase DC–AC ZVS Inverters

A High Step-up Partial Power Regulated DC–DC Converter with Zero Input Current Ripple and Wide Input Range

A High Step-up Partial Power Regulated DC–DC Converter with Zero Input Current Ripple and Wide Input Range

Three-Level Double LLC Resonant Converter with Ripple-Free Input Current for DC Microgrid Application

DC distribution systems have garnered interest in recent years due to their advantages over AC distribution systems, such as their high power conversion efficiency and lack of harmonic issues. An isolated DC-DC converter with low-input noise, high efficiency, and high-power density is required for DC microgrids within DC distribution systems. Although existing DC to DC converters have high efficiency and high power density, they still have input noise problems due to pulsating input currents. Thus, a large input filter should be inserted, which increases the cost and degrades the power density. In this study, a novel three-level double LLC resonant converter with zero-input-current ripple is presented for DC microgrid application with a high-voltage DC bus. The input-current ripple of the proposed converter theoretically decreases to zero without adding large input filters. Moreover, the voltage stress on each main switch is only half of the input voltage when using the modified three-level structure, which enables the use of low-voltage-rated power switches for high-voltage input applications. In addition, all the primary switches and secondary diodes are softly switched over a wide input voltage range. The experimental results of the prototype are presented to verify the performance of the proposed converter.

Quasi‐Z‐source interleaved DC‐DC converter for fuel cell vehicle application

AbstractIn this study, a step‐up DC‐DC converter with a combination of a two‐phase interleaved structure and a quasi‐Z impedance network is proposed for fuel cell vehicle application. The operation of the converter in a small duty cycle (0 < D < 0.5) reduces the conductive losses of the switches and as a result increases the efficiency of this converter compared to conventional boost converters. Also, due to the common ground between the input and output, unlike the floating interleaved boost converter (FIBC) and the parallel input‐series output converter (PISO), it does not face the problem of imposing additional EMI on the converter circuit. This converter has a low input current ripple, suitable voltage gain for fuel cell vehicles system, as well as high reliability due to the ability to operate with one phase in case of failure in the other phase. It can be a suitable candidate for practical application in fuel cell vehicles. The principles of operation and the main characteristics of the converter such as voltage gain, input current ripple, and voltage and current stress of the elements are explained and also a 120‐W experimental prototype with 12‐V input voltage and 60‐V output voltage is made to validate the theoretical analysis results.

A Novel Switch-Coupled Inductor High Gain Quadratic Converter with Low Input Current Ripple

A Novel Switch-Coupled Inductor High Gain Quadratic Converter with Low Input Current Ripple

An Enhanced Voltage Gain Techniques in Quadratic Boost Converters - A Systematic Review

High voltage gain non-isolated boost DC-DC converters are widely employed in applications such as hybrid electric vehicles, aircraft power supplies, photovoltaic (PV) systems and fuel cells (FC) applications. The use of conventional boost converters in high-gain applications is affected by their practical limitation on their voltage gain. Several boost converter topologies based on different voltage lift techniques have been studied and reported; them is quadratic boost converter (QBC). These converters have recently emerged as an interesting topology because of the quadratic nature of their voltage gain, simple among structure and simple control scheme. Recently modified topologies of QBC employing different voltage lift techniques aimed at further enhancing their performance are reported. This paper is aimed at presenting a review on the advances in quadratic boost converters topologies. In this article, QBC are categorized into five groups: magnetically coupled based on coupled-inductor (CI), switch-inductor (SI), switch-inductor switch-capacitor (SC-SI), switch-capacitor (SC), and soft-switching QBC. Furthermore, the paper makes a comprehensive comparison of various QBC in terms of voltage conversion ratio, total component count, input current ripples and voltage stress across switching devices.

Design and Implementation of a Modified Cascaded Z-Source High Step-Up Boost Converter for Photovoltaic (PV) Applications

To improve the voltage gain of step-up converters, the cascaded technique is considered as a possible solution in this paper. By considering the concept of cascading two Z- source networks in a conventional boost converter, the proposed topology takes the advantages of both impedance source and cascaded converters. By applying some modifications, the proposed converter provides high voltage gain while the voltage stress of the switch and diodes is still low. Moreover, the low input current ripple of the converter makes it absolutely appropriate for photovoltaic applications in expanding the lifetime of PV panels. After analyzing the operation principles of the proposed converter, we present the simulation and experimental results of a 100 W prototype to verify the proposed converter performance.

High gain bipolar converter with reduced input current ripple for fuel cell integrated DC microgrid

High gain bipolar converter with reduced input current ripple for fuel cell integrated DC microgrid

A study on a low input current ripple high voltage gain cuk converter

Abstract In the realms of photovoltaic power generation and fuel cells, the application of traditional DC-DC boost converters faces significant constraints due to insufficient gain and pronounced input current ripple. This paper presents a design for a Cuk converter with low input current ripple and high voltage gain based on the conventional Cuk topology. The design incorporates a passive ripple circuit and a coat circuit. The operational principles of the converter are analyzed, followed by the construction of a simulation model in PSIM. Simulation results not only validate the theoretical analysis but also affirm the feasibility of the proposed converter.

Enhanced Control of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Fed Basic Series Positive Super Voltage Lift Luo Converter Using Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic

An eco-friendly and renewable energy source, Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells offer various advantages such as stability and efficiency. The present study aims to control output voltage of PEM fed basic series positive super voltage lift luo (PSVLL) converter. The model, which consists of a fuel cell and a basic series PSVLL converter, was designed in Matlab/Simulink simulation environment. The control of the PSVLL converter output voltage was performed using an interval type-2 takagi-sugeno-kang fuzzy logic (IT2TSKFL) and type-1 takagi-sugeno-kang fuzzy logic (T1TSKFL) controllers comparatively. The simulation study results demonstrated that the PEM fuel cell fed basic series PSVLL converter reached optimal current and voltage values with IT2TSKFL under nominal and different operating conditions. Moreover, IT2TSKFL improved average settling time of control system by 22.335% compared to T1TSKFL controller.

A new soft‐switching high step‐up DC–DC converter with low voltage stress

AbstractThis paper proposes a new high step‐up DC–DC converter with zero input current ripple for renewable energy sources applications, such as fuel cells. In this topology, a coupled inductor and a multiplier cell are used to achieve high voltage gains. The power switch in this proposed circuit turns on under zero voltage switching conditions. An active switch limits the maximum voltage stress across the main power switch. Moreover, all circuit diodes of the converter turn off without a reverse recovery problem. A detailed analysis of a high‐gain step‐up DC–DC converter is studied along with improved efficiency. The ripple cancellation of the input stage of the converter is done by adding an input inductor and capacitor. By including the parasitic elements, an approximate loss analysis was performed in PSIM and found the maximum efficiency of ∼96% in simulation and ∼94% in hardware for 200 W power level design for 30 V input voltage. Later on, the converter laboratory hardware prototype can be developed with selected parameters, and finally, experimental results have been used to validate the properties of the converter.

A novel soft‐switching quadratic high voltage gain trans‐inverse DC/DC converter

AbstractThis paper suggests a new non‐isolated high step‐up DC/DC converter with soft‐switching performance and low input current ripple for renewable energy generation systems. In this introduced circuit, a three‐winding coupled‐inductor combined with a quadratic boost circuit and voltage multiplier cell to obtain high voltage gains. The advanced features of the proposed topology are its ultra‐high voltage gain, soft‐switching performance, low voltage stress across the switching components, continuous input current with low ripple, and the existence of a common ground between the input source and output load. Due to the partial trans‐inverse property in the suggested topology, higher voltage gains can be achieved under smaller turns ratios of the coupled in comparison to the other typical topologies, which leads to efficiency improvement. Moreover, in this introduced circuit, the voltage stress on the single power switch is mitigated using a regenerative clamp circuit. The theory and operating principle of the suggested converter, along with the steady‐state analysis and efficiency interpretation of the proposed converter are discussed in detail. Finally, to verify the theoretical analysis, a 200 W (25 V/400 V) sample prototype is established.

A new‐high efficiency non‐isolated DC‐DC converter with combination of step‐up techniques

SummaryIn this paper, a new high‐step‐up DC‐DC converter without any coupled inductors or transformers is introduced. The structure of the introduced converter consists of two boost techniques, namely, switched inductor and switched capacitor, used simultaneously. The drawbacks of each technique are mitigated according to the proposed structure and the introduced control method. Therefore, the main contribution of the introduced converter is its ability to use boost techniques while avoiding high input current ripples and inrush currents in the path of semiconductor devices. Thus, there is no need for an auxiliary inductor. Additionally, the number of required components is low, and it benefits from a common ground, which are advantages of this converter in terms of economy and reliability. Another advantage is the high efficiency of the proposed converter in comparison with recent topologies, making it suitable for renewable energy applications such as photovoltaic (PV) systems and fuel cell applications. The proposed converter has been implemented in a laboratory to verify its performance. It operates at 94.51% efficiency with a 200 W output power, a 40 kHz switching frequency, a 40 V input voltage, and a 240 V output voltage.

A Single-Output-Filter Double Dual Ćuk Converter

This study introduces an innovative version of a recently studied converter. A Double Dual Ćuk Converter was recently studied with advantages like the possibility of designing it for achieving a low-input current ripple. The proposed converter, called the Improved Double Dual Ćuk Converter, maintains the advantages of the former one, and it is characterized by requiring one less capacitor and inductor than its predecessor. This allows addressing the challenge of optimizing the topology to reduce component count without compromising the operation; this work proposes an efficient design methodology based on theoretical analysis and experimental validation. Results demonstrate that the improved topology not only retains the advantages of the previous version, including high efficiency and robustness, but also enhances power density by reducing the number of components. These advancements open new possibilities for applications requiring compact and efficient power converters, such as renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, and portable power supply systems. This work underscores the importance of continuous innovation in power converter design and lays the groundwork for future research aimed at optimizing converter topologies. A detailed discussion of the operating principles and modeling of the converter is provided. Furthermore, simulation outcomes highlighting differences in steady-state duration, output voltage, input current ripple, and operational efficiency are shared. The results from an experimental test bench are also presented to corroborate the efficacy of the improved converter.

Interleaved High Voltage Gain DC-DC Converter with Winding-Cross-Coupled Inductors and Voltage Multiplier Cells for Photovoltaic Systems

An interleaved high voltage gain DC-DC converter with winding-cross-coupled inductors (WCCIs) and voltage multiplier cells is proposed for photovoltaic systems. The converter configuration is based on the interleaved boost converter integrating the diode-capacitor clamp circuits, the winding-cross-coupled inductors, and voltage multiplier cells to increase the voltage gain and reduce the semiconductor voltage stresses. The equal current sharing of two phases is achieved with the help of the winding-cross-coupled inductors. The converter achieves high voltage gain while operating at a proper duty ratio. The low-voltage-rated MOSFETs with low on-resistance are available to reduce the conduction losses due to the low switch voltage stress. The leakage energy of the coupled inductors is recycled such that the voltage spikes on the power switches are avoided. The input current ripple is decreased due to the interleaved operation. The operating principle and steady-state analysis of the proposed converter are proposed in detail. The design guidelines of the proposed converter are given. In addition, the closed-loop controlled system of the proposed converter is designed to diminish the effect of the variations in input voltage and load on the output voltage. Finally, the experimental results of a 1000 W converter prototype with 36 V input and 400 V output are given to validate the theoretical analysis and the converter performance.

Novel Three-Phase Buck-Boost Inverter With Reduced Input Current Ripple and No Short-Circuit and Open-Circuit Faults

Novel Three-Phase Buck-Boost Inverter With Reduced Input Current Ripple and No Short-Circuit and Open-Circuit Faults

A Novel KSK Converter with Machine Learning MPPT for PV Applications

Power electronic converters are regarded as indispensable aspects of modern electric power systems, owing their eminence as optimal power interface and power flow regulators. Hence, the design of an efficient converter is vital to support wide-scale expansion in the application of both Renewable Energy Sources and Electric Vehicles. Thereby, a novel high gain K. S. Kavin (KSK) converter based on interleaved architecture, exhibiting lower voltage stress across switches is proposed in this research work. The suggested converter design is well suited for Photovoltaics (PV) power generation, as it offers higher step-up gain with lower input current ripples. Moreover, mathematical analysis and modeling of suggested KSK converter with different operational modes are also covered in this article. Additionally, the Radial Basis Function Neural Network based on Machine Learning is employed as a Maximum Power Point Tracking technique to optimize power generated by the PV system. Additionally, Internet of Things (IoT) is used for real-time monitoring of PV parameters. The viability of the suggested KSK converter is demonstrated through MATLAB simulation and laboratory prototype implementation, while the control of the developed 1000 W prototype is entrusted up on the FPGA Spartan 6E controller. Consequently, achieved exceptional 98.6% efficiency of the proposed KSK converter lends credence to its excellence over other published converter topologies.

A Comprehensive Investigation into Bidirectional DC-DC Converters with Soft Switching for Electric Vehicles

Electric vehicles (EVs) are one of the the promising solutions for the environmental issues such as carbon emission and global warming. The high voltage traction battery in EVs is charged from utility grid by an EV charger. The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) standardize EV charges into two categories on-board chargers and off-board chargers. Usually, the on-board chargers are located inside the vehicle whereas, off-board chargers are not mounted on the vehicle. For onboard chargers, size and power density of charger become a prior matter of concern. The only way to reduce the size of a converter and thereby increase the power density is to operate power electronic conversion system (PECS) at very high switching frequency (HSF) resulting in reduced size of magnetic component in the charger configuration. However, HSF operation may lead to a high electromagnetic interference (EMI), loss in switch and switch duty. The work in this paper is focused on the development of high frequency bi-directional DC-DC converter (BD2C) stage priory used in on-board chargers due to distributed sources of energy as well as to manage the power distribution in the configuration. The power electronic BDCs are derived from boost and buck unit. The boost derived converter are current fed converters and offers advantages in terms of inherent voltage gain, short circuit protection and lower input current ripple. The voltage spikes across switches, high rated device selection, hard switching, snubber and auxiliary circuit requirements are some of the undesirable factors. This occurrence happened due to unbalance power transfer by the power electronics converter. Similarly, voltage fed converter offers good voltage control during power transfer.

A switched‐capacitor‐based active‐interleaved‐network with high voltage gain

SummaryA high voltage gain characteristic is required in fuel cell vehicles to achieve voltage matching between low voltage fuel cell and high voltage DC‐link bus. In this paper, a non‐isolated high step‐up dc‐dc converter based on switched‐capacitor (SC) and active‐interleaved‐network (AIN) is proposed. The main advantages of the converter are the high voltage gain without an extremely high duty cycle, automatic current sharing of inductors, reduced input current ripple, and lower device voltage stress when compared to the topologies with the same output voltage. Detailed descriptions of the converter including operation principle and dynamic response analysis are presented in this manuscript. To verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis and feasibility of the proposed converter, a 500 W prototype with 20 V input and 200 V output is built.