Inorganic Chromatography Research Articles

Создание первых ионообменников и начало их широкого применения

Представлена история создания ионообменников с конца XIX в до середины XX века. Впервые проанализированы ключевые научные работы этого периода с историко-научной точки зрения. Расследованы ранее неизвестные факты биографии некоторых ученых. Проанализирован цикл работ, положивших начало ионообменной хроматографии

Ion Chromatography: An Account of Its Conception and Early Development

Today, ion chromatography means any chromatographic technique that may be applied to the determination of ions or of species that may be converted to ionic form. In its early days however, IC focused on the determination of simple inorganic ions. At one time, the determination of many common inorganic ions was a slow and tedious matter requiring many different, specialized methods that frequently lacked the sensitivity that the problems demanded. In the late 1950s, a small group of chemists at the Dow Chemical Company envisioned replacing these classical methods of inorganic analysis with but a single, universal chromatographic technique. They called their project "Inorganic Chromatography". This article describes how they developed this concept into a new technique, ready for commercial development into what we know today as "Ion Chromatography". In particular, the account will describe: how the Dow scientists adapted electrical conductance monitoring to chromatography, the introduction of the suppressor to chromatography, the invention of special stationary phases, and the evolution of strategies and principles that would shape and guide the practice of ion chromatography for many years to come.

The micro-chemistry of uraniferous laterites from Brazil: A natural example of inorganic chromatography

Numerous small deposits of U-rich laterites are found in the northwestern border of the Paraná Basin. Detailed mineralogy and chemistry of the uranium lateritic ores from the Iporá-Amorinopolis region were studied using classic petrographic techniques, X-ray diffraction and fluorescence, atomic absorption, infrared and Mössbauer spectrography, autoradiography, electron microprobe and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The ore mineral assemblage is formed by goethite, lepidocrocite, hematite, quartz, calcedony, variscite, wavelite, apatite, collophane, barite, gypsite, renardite, meta-autunite I, uranophane, fourmarierite, koninchite, ranquilite, phospho-uranilite, meta-uranocircite I, meta-uranocircite II, metatyuyamunite, sklodowskite, parsonite and an hydrated Ca-silicate of uranium. The mineralization can be weakly disseminated in the laterite matrix with U probably adsorbed in the lepidocrocite; in pockets and impregnations of yellowish uranium phosphated within the laterite ( U 3 O 8⋍10% ) and in nodules with U 3O 8 ranging from 25% to 55%. The nodules are the most common ore type, being typically concentric with a white porous barite-gypsite-apatite core, followed by a compact greenish-yellow rim with colloform uranophane and ranquilite, a yellow aggregate of meta-autunite I, renardite and koninchite and an outer brownish-yellow shell of goethite with disseminated fourmarierite, renardite and koninchite. Size, shape and chemistry of the nodules indicate replacement of brachiopods and chitinozoa that are abundant in the Ponta Grossa Fm. by a primary uraninite-pyrite assemblage that is found in drill cores from fresh rock. The U enrichment is accompanied by enrichment of Ba, Ca, Sr, Pb, Ce and Nd in sulphate, phosphate, hydrous silicate or vanadate phases. The efficient separation of metals like Ce and Nd in individual phases on the surface of barite illustrates a clear example of a natural chromatographic separation. Such a process may be an important mechanism to explain the varying microchemistry within a laterite profile where each successive microsystem represents a chromatographic column through which the solubilities of metals will vary slightly in the continuum of Eh- and pH-values.

An Introduction to Inorganic Chromatography

An Introduction to Inorganic Chromatography

Modern Inorganic Chromatography

Modern Inorganic Chromatography

Modern inorganic chromatography

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModern inorganic chromatographyHamish. SmallCite this: Anal. Chem. 1983, 55, 2, 235–242Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00253a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views188Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (6 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

Direct extraction of G-actin from the myosin-removed myofibrils under the conditions of low ionic strength.

Muscle actin is, in most cases, prepared from an acetone-dried powder of the myosin-removed myofibrils under low-salt conditions in the presence of ATP. In this paper, it is shown that G-actin can be directly extracted from the myosin-removed myofibrils without acetone treatment. The extraction conditions are the same as those used for the extraction of G-actin from the dried powder: extraction of the myosin-removed myofibrils for 1 h with 2 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, in the presence of 0.5 mM ATP. However, the crude G-actin directly extracted from the myosin-removed myofibrils loses its polymerizability after prolonged extraction. Measurements of inorganic phosphate and thin layer chromatography of the adenine nucleotides of the crude G-actin solution show that free ATP added to the extraction buffer is sequentially hydrolyzed to ADP and AMP, and then finally converted to IMP. The instability of the G-(ADP)-actin, depolymerized from the ends of actin filaments, explains the loss in polymerizability of G-actin during the extraction. Residual ATPase, adenylate kinase, and deaminase contained in the myofibrils may account for the decomposition of ATP.

Applications of chromatography in the analysis of inorganic materials

Abstract

Thin-Layer Chromatography of Some Ferrocene Derivatives and Other Cyclopentadienyl Organometallics

Abstract Microcrystalline cellulose as an absorbent in inorganic thin-layer chromatography has been successfully applied to the separation of various ferrocene derivatives and organometallics containing cyclopentadiene. The effect of gross dielectric constant versus the RF value is also discussed as well as the analogy between silica-gel chromatographic separations.

Dipolar aprotic solvents in paper chromatography of inorganic substances

After a short review of inorganic aqueous paper chromatography, the properties of anhydrous dipolar aprotic solvents in general and of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) in particular, which recommend them as preferable developing solvents to the protic ones for clean inorganic paper chromatography, are discussed. A quantitative and rapid separation of ferrocyanide and ferricyanide anions, inseparable so far with any aqueous system or protic solvent used as mobile phase, was easily carried out on paper chromatograms developed with anhydrous DMSO. The differentiative behaviour of DMSO between the two closely related anions is explained by a consideration of the semipolar nature of the S−O bond the molecular and electronic structure of DMSO, and the difference in ionic charges and ionic volumes of the two anions

Light-scattering, X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis and infrared spectro- photometry characterization of chitosan, a chelating polymer

Measurements on chitosan, which is used as a selective chromatographic support in inorganic chromatography, show that its molecular weight is 1.2 × 10 5, the nitrogen content is 7.4%, and its crystalline structure is not lost after adsorption of metal ions, which are co-ordinated with the nitrogen atoms of the -NH 2 groups of the polymer. Chitosan treated with copper sulphate exhibits a new crystal structure and a distinctive infrared spectrum, is quite stable and does not shrink, and is proposed as a chromatographic support for ligand-exchange chromatography.

Inorganic chromatography on cellulose acetate pre-treated paper impregnated with 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone

The R F values of inorganic ions on paper pre-treated with 0.25–2.0 % cellulose acetate and impregnated with various concentrations of 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTA) was studied by using acetate buffer as a developing agent. 1% cellulose acetate pre-treated paper impregnated with o.2 M TTA was found suitable for reversed phase paper chromatography. The R F values of inorganic ions were examined on the impregnated paper by using various pH's of the developing agent (0.1 M acetate buffer). Separations of PbCu, CoCu, ZnCu and FeCoNi were performed in this system.

Inorganic chromatography on impregnated ion-exchange papers

Inorganic chromatography on impregnated ion-exchange papers

Quantitative inorganic chromatography : Part XII. Automatic analysis of phosphorus-anion mixtures by anion exchange chromatography

The development of a system, based on the Technicon Autoanalyser, is described for the quantitative determination of the phosphorus concentration in the column effluent from ion-exchanged column separation of phosphorus anions. Quantitative interpretation of the elution peaks by the Gaussian approximation and by integration of peak areas are compared.

Quantitative inorganic chromatography : XI. The chromatographic separation and automatic flame spectrophotometric determination of the alkaline earth metals using α-hydroxyisobutyric acid

An ion exchange separation of submilligram quantities of alkaline earth metals has been developed using α-hydroxyisobutyric acid as eluting agent and automatic flame spectrophotometric determination.

Solvent effects in inorganic chromatography : I. Factors affecting the adsorption front

This paper describes a series of tests designed to elucidate the effects of varying the alcohol and acids as well as the concentration of water and acid on the R P value of solvents consisting of these three constituents. The first four aliphatic alcohols and their four isomers propan-2-ol, 2-methylpropan-1-ol, butan-2-ol, 2-methylpropan-2-ol, and hydrochloric, hydrobromic, nitric, and perchloric acids were used. The acid concentration was varied from 0.3 to 0.9 M and the water to alcohol ratio from 0.35 to 0.50 mole fraction. The results obtained from 384 chromatograms were treated by analysis of variance to show that the R P value was linearly related to the acid concentration and water concentration although the latter had little effect on the result. The interactions between the acid anion and the alcohol and the acid concentration and the alcohol were highly significant.

Quantitative inorganic chromatography : Part IX. The analysis of alkaline-earth metals by ion-exchange chromatography and flame spectrophotometry

An ion-exchange chromatographic procedure is described for quantitative analysis of μg/mg amounts of barium, calcium, magnesium and strontium. After elution, the metals are determined by flame spectrophotometry.

Quantitative inorganic chromatography : Part VIII. The quantitative analysis of the alkaline-earth metals by paper chromatography and flame spectrophotometry

A paper-chromatographic procedure is described for the quantitative analysis of microgram amounts of barium, strontium, calcium and magnesium. After separation, the metals are extracted and determined flame spectrophotometrically.

Quantitative inorganic chromatography : Part V. The separation and determination of ferrous and ferric iron

Using a simple anion-exchange technique, it was found possible to determine the minor constituent in mixtures of Fe(II) and Fe(III) iron in ratios between 1:100 and 40:1 respectively. The method showed maximum accuracy at ratios close to 1:1 (where both Fe(II) and Fe(III) were determined) and 5–20 mg of each valency state.

Quantitative inorganic chromatography : Part VI. application to kinetic studies: the oxidation of hydrazine by ferric iron in acid aqueous solutions

The mechanism proposed by H igginson and W right for the slow reaction between ferric iron and hydrazine in acid aqueous solutions has been confirmed, using an anion-exchange procedure for the separation and quantitative estimation of ferrous and ferric iron.