Scientific Research Innovation Research Articles

Development and validation of an early diagnosis model for bone metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer based on serological characteristics of the bone metastasis mechanism

Bone metastasis significantly impact the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, reducing their quality of life and shortening their survival. Currently, there are no effective tools for the diagnosis and risk assessment of early bone metastasis in NSCLC patients. This study employed machine learning to analyze serum indicators that are closely associated with bone metastasis, aiming to construct a model for the timely detection and prognostic evaluation of bone metastasis in NSCLC patients. The derivation cohort consisted of 664 individuals with stage IV NSCLC, diagnosed between 2015 and 2018. The variables considered in this study included age, sex, and 18 specific serum indicators that have been linked to the occurrence of bone metastasis in NSCLC. Variable selection used multivariate logistic regression analysis and Lasso regression analysis. Six machine learning methods were utilized to develop a bone metastasis diagnostic model, assessed with Area Under the Curve (AUC), Decision Curve Analysis (DCA), sensitivity, specificity, and validation cohorts. External validation used 113 NSCLC patients from the Medical Alliance (2019-2020). Furthermore, a prospective validation study was conducted on a cohort of 316 patients (2019-2020) who were devoid of bone metastasis, and followed-up for at least two years to assess the predictive capabilities of this model. The model's prognostic value was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Through variable selection, 11 serum indictors were identified as independent predictive factors for NSCLC bone metastasis. Six machine learning models were developed using age, sex, and these serum indicators. A random forest (RF) model demonstrated strong performance during the training and internal validation cohorts, achieving an AUC of 0.98 (95% CI 0.95-0.99) for internal validation. External validation further confirmed the RF model's effectiveness, yielding an AUC of 0.97 (95% CI 0.94-0.99). The calibration curves demonstrated a high level of concordance between the anticipated risk and the observed risk of the RF model. Prospective validation revealed that the RF model could predict the occurrence of bone metastasis approximately 10.27±3.58 months in advance, according to the results of the SPECT. An online computing platform (https://bonemetastasis.shinyapps.io/shiny_cls_1model/) for this RF model is publicly available and free-to-use by doctors and patients. This study innovatively employs age, gender, and 11 serological markers closely related to the mechanism of bone metastasis to construct an RF model, providing a reliable tool for the early screening and prognostic assessment of bone metastasis in NSCLC patients. However, as an exploratory study, the findings require further validation through large-scale, multicenter prospective studies. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NO.81974315); Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission Medical Innovation Research Project (NO.20Y11903300); Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Health Industry Clinical Research Youth Program (NO.20204Y034).

A core competency evaluation index system for the graded use of clinical nurse specialists: A Delphi study.

To describe a grading system that can be used to evaluate core competency of clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) at different levels. Evaluate core competence of CNSs at different levels reflects the quality of nursing and the development of the nursing profession. This research employed the Delphi method. The STROBE checklist for observational cross-sectional studies was followed to report this research study. This study consisted of two main phases: a literature review and semistructured interviews. Individual semistructured interviews were conducted with 11 healthcare experts and two patients. Two rounds of questionnaire surveys were administered to 21 nursing experts using the Delphi method. The CNSs were classified as primary, intermediate or advanced based on their years of work, professional titles and educational qualifications. The graded competency evaluation system consisted of five first-level indicators (clinical practice, consulting guidance and teaching, scientific research innovation, management and discipline development, and ethical decision-making), 15 second level indicators, and 40 third-level indicators. The authority coefficients (Cr) of the experts were .865 and .901. The Kendall's concordance coefficients of the three-level indicators were .417, .289 and .316 for primary CNSs; .384, .294 and .337 for intermediate CNSs; and .489, .289 and .239 for advanced CNSs. The graded use evaluation system in clinical practice initially involves a comprehensive evaluation of the core abilities of CNSs. This is a tool for cultivating and grading the abilities of specialised nurses that can promote a practical upwards spiral. The evaluation system can promote the scientific management and continuous improvement of CNSs in clinical nursing and can serve as a practical and objective reference for the effective management and development of CNSs. Patients participated in the data collection process, during which they shared their health-seeking experience with our research team.

THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AS A FACTOR IN OPTIMIZING THE TRAINING OF A CREATIVE TEACHER IN A HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION

The article's purpose: to justify the peculiarities of the educational environment as a factor in optimizing the training of a creative teacher in the conditions of a higher education institution. Methods of scientific research: study of scientific research on the problems of the content and development of the educational environment ‒ to find out theoretical information about the peculiarities of the development of the educational environment; analysis and synthesis ‒ to identify the peculiarities of the influence of the educational environment of the educational institution on the development of individual creativity; prognostic ‒ to determine the perspectives of modeling and designing educational processes; generalization ‒ for formulating conclusions. The article substantiates the educational environment as a factor in optimizing the training of a creative teacher in the conditions of a higher education institution. The goals and tasks of education are defined: transfer of cultural experience; socialization of youth; and formation of general cultural and professional competencies. It is emphasized that the professional development of future teachers in the conditions of a higher education institution is carried out by means of purposeful, systematic, pedagogically organized training in the process of activity and communication. The educational environment ensures the creation of conditions for the professional growth of students, providing assistance to them in gaining confidence in the correctness of the professional definition, improving mechanisms of assistance and support, development of individuality, stimulation of value and moral, cognitive, communicative, scientific and methodical type of activity. It was revealed that the formation of a student as a subject of the educational sphere takes place by including him in the pedagogical process, which has a creative focus and provides conditions for him to acquire experience in scientific activity, including the formation of the motivational and need sphere of the individual with an attitude to scientific research and pedagogical innovations, development the ability to create an atmosphere of creativity, searching for original solutions and creation of projects; creative adaptation to pedagogical activity, awareness of its scientific and creative principles, mastery of ways to transform pedagogical reality, etc. Creative thinking is highlighted as an attributive quality of a modern personality, which is provided on the basis of forecasting, modeling, projecting, development of imagination, focusing attention on the problems that await an individual in the future, on alternative ways of solving them, on the direction of readiness for changes.

Peter Martin Biggs. 13 August 1926 — 27 December 2021

Peter Biggs was a towering figure in poultry health research, making substantial contributions in avian infectious diseases in the second half of the twentieth century and first two decades of the twenty-first century. The world's poultry industry owes an immense debt to his pioneering research into Marek's disease (MD), a major threat to poultry health in the early years of intensive poultry production. On graduating from the Royal Veterinary College, London, in 1953, Peter chose a research career studying avian diseases. Peter's dedicated research in the 1960s led to the identification of the MD virus and the subsequent development of a vaccine against MD. The development of MD vaccine, the first ever vaccine against a virus-induced cancer, had a major impact on sustaining the fledgling poultry farming that was crucial for the thriving modern poultry industry. Later, as the director of the Houghton Poultry Research Station in Cambridgeshire, UK, Peter led a programme of innovative scientific research exploiting scientific developments and technological advances to meet the needs of the rapidly expanding poultry industry. In addition to his outstanding leadership on research, Peter also contributed immensely to the formation of the World Veterinary Poultry Association, a global professional association for avian health specialists, and establishment of the journal Avian Pathology . Even after retirement, Peter continued to make valuable contributions to avian science through august bodies such as the Royal Society, Animal Health Trust, British Egg Marketing Board, British Veterinary Association and Houghton Trust. Peter was also a great mentor to many scientists who went on to leading roles.

Policy variation in the external evaluation of research for tenure at U.S. universities

Abstract There is a robust literature documenting differences in peer review processes for scholarly outlets. Knowledge of this variability has provoked thoughtful debate about the best approach for promoting rigor and innovation in scientific research (e.g. single-blind vs. double-blind review, or more recently, double-blind vs. open review). We aim to expand this conversation to external peer review processes specified in rank and tenure guidelines. We qualitatively analyze a corpus of publicly available rank and tenure procedures at research-intensive universities in the United States. Results indicate significant variation in (1) the required minimum and maximum number of external reviews, (2) the candidate’s role in the reviewer selection process, (3) the level of ensured anonymity for reviewers, and (4) attention to potential conflict of interest scenarios. We argue that many of the debates about best practices in research evaluation for journals and funding agencies are also relevant for rank and tenure procedures. Moreover, rank and tenure policies may be subject to unique tensions, such as cases where external reviews are formally cast as disinterested assessments by referees but informally understood as letters of recommendation by sponsors. We discuss the relevance of our findings for existing work on the perceived clarity of evaluation criteria—especially how guideline ambiguity can be linked to inequality and how labor issues can conflict with idealized assessment principles.

Research on the Influence of Strategic Adjustment on Enterprise Performance from The Perspective of Mixed Reform of State-owned Enterprises

In order to effectively solve the problems of low operation efficiency and rigid management system of state-owned enterprises, governments at all levels have actively implemented and practiced mixed ownership reform since 2016, trying to promote industrial optimization and upgrading through mixed reform and stimulate the internal development potential of state-owned enterprises. With the continuous development of the economy and society, the state adopted the three-year Action Plan for SoE Reform (2020-2022) in June 2020, giving guiding opinions and new requirements for further deepening the reform of soes. In this context, to help has not yet been mixed change of state-owned enterprises to better understand the concrete implementation process, Shanxi Fen Wine, for example, starting from the mixed change for, the enterprise mixed change in-depth after expanding brand depth, integrated marketing resources, strengthen scientific research innovation, innovation product strategy, optimize the governance structure of five strategic adjustment direction, and the strategic adjustment of influence on enterprise performance. Finally, it draws enlightenment from the three aspects of path selection of mixed reform, advantage utilization of mixed reform and control of strategic direction, which provides reference for the strategic adjustment of mixed reform of state-owned enterprises in the industry. The research found that Shanxi Fen Wine combined with the advantages of mixed reform and made strategic adjustments around the five aspects of brand, marketing, scientific research, product and governance, which had a positive and positive impact on the financial performance of enterprises.

Talent Training Mechanism of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutralization in New Liberal Arts: A Chinese Perspective

China is currently the world's largest carbon emitter. New liberal arts, as an important discipline for cultivating humanistic literacy and social responsibility, is closely related to the achievement of carbon neutrality goals. By using the method of logical reasoning and deduction, seven talent training mechanisms were proposed including the optimization mechanism of the talent training goal, the interdisciplinary course integration mechanism, the education mechanism of the scientific research innovation platform, the social practice mechanism, the cultivating mechanism with a sense of social responsibility, the mechanism of international cooperation and school-enterprise cooperation and exchange mechanism, and the evaluation mechanism of talent training. These mechanisms may improve the comprehensive quality and ability level of students and provide talent guarantees for the achievement of China's “carbon peak and carbon neutralization” goal.

Research and solutions to cardiovascular disease in China

In China, cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality rates are rising. CVD is the leading cause of illness mortality in both urban and rural China. Therefore, understanding the social and behavioral aspects of cardiovascular diseases is essential for addressing risk factors such as diet, physical activity, smoking and stress to prevent and manage these diseases. Finally, this article gives some solutions and research conclusions. China should take multi-faceted measures, including education and publicity, medical resource construction, community medical service system construction, scientific research and technological innovation, as well as policy support and financial investment, to comprehensively respond to the challenge of cardiovascular disease.

The behavior of low-symmetry penta(chloro)cyclotriphosphazene-substituted monophthalocyanines in the oriented external electric fields

Electric field-mediated chemistry provides fertile ground for interdisciplinary research, where theoretical ideas and experimental data converge to unravel the complexities of molecular behavior under the influence of electric fields, offering unprecedented opportunities for scientific research and technological innovation. Thus, this work is devoted to the study underscoring the importance of oriented external electric fields (OEEFs) in modulating the structural and electronic properties of low-symmetry monophthalocyanines, which is crucial for enhancing their reactivity and nonlinear optical response. The highlight of this article is that the OEEFs lead to molecular conductivity due to reduced energy gap and electron density shifting towards the phosphazene ring. Additionally, there is a tendency for the elimination of chlorine atoms in the trans- position relative to the phthalocyanine macrocycle. Also, the use of the previously created CORRELATO algorithm has allowed the demonstration of the relationship between structural changes and microscopic parameters responsible for the appearance of NLO properties of final dye materials.

Ford tries olive tree fibers as reinforcing material for PP parts

On January 11, 2024, Ford reported that Ford engineers in Cologne launched an innovative research project to explore how waste from pruning olive trees could be repurpose to create auto part prototypes.

Exploration and Practice of “Guiding Interactive” Teaching in Advanced Geochemistry Courses from the Perspective of Constructivist Theory

The construction of geochemical disciplines has brought new vitality to the development of traditional geology. In the new round of “Double First-Class” discipline construction at Central South University, the course of Advanced Geochemistry has effectively stimulated students’ interest in learning and further improved their scientific thinking and research innovation skills through the implementation of “Guiding Interactive” teaching reform measures, which has important theoretical significance and practical value.

The Competency of Physical Education Teacher at the University of Guangdong China

Background and Aim: Under the background of the high-quality development of physical education, there is an urgent need for college physical education teachers. Physical education teachers in colleges and universities are a special part of the group of college teachers, and they are the main undertakers of school sports work in colleges and universities. This research objective was to construct the competencies of physical education teachers in the universities of Guangdong, China. This research objective is as follows: To Study the Competencies of Physical Education Teachers in the Universities of Guangdong, China. Materials and Methods: This paper takes universities in Guangdong Province as examples for empirical analysis and applies the research results to the education performance management system of physical education teachers in universities. Use questionnaire sample composition. The questionnaire survey in this paper was distributed to physical education teachers in 10 universities in Guangdong Province by field distribution and E-mail delivery. There were 246 teachers in physical education colleges of 10 universities. All 15 teachers were used for the Interview sample composition. At the same time as the questionnaire survey, the author also designed the interview outline, to have a more in-depth understanding of the problems related to the professional development of physical education teachers in local colleges and universities. Result: The research result found that: The questionnaire analysis found that college physical education teachers have the best performance in professional ability, followed by personal characteristics, and then management characteristics, and the score of innovation ability is relatively low. Moreover, there are significant differences in the competency of college physical education teachers in different types of colleges, professional titles, and genders. Conclusion: There are significant differences in the competency of college physical education teachers in different types of colleges, professional titles, and genders. and the scientific research and innovation capabilities of college physical education teachers with senior professional titles are significantly higher than those with intermediate professional titles. The importance of research and innovation capabilities. There is no significant difference between the scientific research innovation ability of the deputy senior professional title and the scientific research innovation ability of the senior professional title.

Country house poetry of the English Civil war: a metaphorical exploration of contemporary debates in UK child and adolescent psychoanalytic psychotherapy research and an update on TIGA-CUB

ABSTRACT Using the country house poetry of the English Civil War as a metaphor, this article traces some of the key debates in child and adolescent psychoanalytic psychotherapy (CAPPT) research over the last 25 years. It identifies three main trends: initial confidence that child and adolescent psychoanalytic psychotherapists (CAPPTs) could apply their existing theoretical methods to empirical research; recognition of the need to use qualitative methodology and to engage with quantitative approaches; and a period of retrenchment, with particular questioning of the use of randomised controlled trial (RCT) methodology. The article also reports the results of a service evaluation undertaken subsequent to the feasibility Trial on Inter-Generational Attachment and Children Undergoing Behaviour problems (TIGA-CUB) to determine whether to proceed to a large-scale, definitive trial, and the inclusion of TIGA-CUB in an on-going, innovative research project on RCT methodology. The article concludes that, if CAPPTs want RCT methodology more appropriate to their ways of working, the profession and the Association of Child Psychotherapists (ACP) will need to develop a more pro-research environment, as well as career pathways which combine clinical work and publicly funded research.

Industry-Academia Collaboration in the Field of Functional Nucleic Acids: An Analysis Based on Papers and Patents

Abstract This investigation delves into the evolving patterns and regional variances in industry-academia collaboration (IAC) within Functional Nucleic Acids (FNAs) research. Analyzing publications and patents from 1990 to 2021, we dissected IAC at individual and collective levels, documenting the count and share of IAC endeavors, key partners, and regional differences. Results indicate a rising trend in IAC publications and collaborating institutions, while patent trends display a mix of increases, decreases, and steady states. The United States leads in IAC activities, correlating with its prowess in scientific research and technological innovation. Notably, regional discrepancies in IAC are mainly due to intra-regional variations, with Asia and Europe experiencing the most pronounced disparities.

Revisiting the Connection Between Innovation, Education, and Regional Economic Growth

What have we learned over the past 40 years about how to generate sustained economic growth through scientific research and technological innovation?

Cultivation of Scientific Research Innovation Abilities in Chemistry Graduate Students at Local Universities

Cultivation of Scientific Research Innovation Abilities in Chemistry Graduate Students at Local Universities

Holding still, together - Parkinson's care Portrayed

Complexity within the healthcare setting grows rapidly, and person-centered care takes on center stage. This begs for a mind- and skillset change in health professionals, because most current education equips them poorly to deal with this. Last year at ICIC22, we presented our innovative arts-based research project, focusing on a combination of narrative accounts and photographs of 21 people with Parkinson’s and 22 different practitioners. The research project was co-developed with people with Parkinson’s and professionals. Now, this project has evolved into an workshop that aims to develop healthcare practitioners in becoming reflective practitioners. Reflecting on deeper beliefs and observation skills are vital for future healthcare professionals in a complex world. 
 This workshop aspires to develop these skills and has been piloted three times in the last year with different target groups: people with Parkinson’s, nurse practitioners, and university - & art academy students. The workshop itself holds three phases. First, the workshop intents to put participants in a beginner’s frame of mind. The focus of the first exercises lie with judgement free observations. Secondly, the workshop focuses on judgment: what do you think you see, and what words will you give the description? Thirdly, we delve deeper in those judgements. Helping participants search effectively for often latent, but crucial normative convictions. All in all, the workshop is about slowing down and providing space and tools for a mindset evaluation.

Methodology for assessing the effectiveness of Arctic-oriented innovative scientific research

The article examines various approaches to assessing the effectiveness of innovative scientific research and analysis tools. The main principles and stages in the effectiveness analysis of research projects are identified, which served as a basis for the methodology designed to assess the effectiveness of Arctic-oriented research projects. The methodology is proposed for four main types of research activities, including basic research, exploratory research, applied research, and development work. It is indicated that it is possible to assess the effectiveness of scientific activities conducted by organizations using aggregate indices while taking into account the type of organization implementing Arctic-oriented scientific projects.

A Service-Learning Project Based on a Community-Oriented Intelligent Health Promotion System for Postgraduate Nursing Students: Mixed Methods Study.

Service learning (SL) is a pedagogical approach that combines community service with cognitive learning for professionals. Its efficacy in promoting community health has gained broad recognition in nursing education. The application of postgraduate nursing SL programs in community-based intelligent health remains underexplored. Thus, additional investigation is necessary to assess the influence of the SL project based on a community-oriented intelligent health promotion system (SLP-COIHPS) on postgraduate nursing students and health service recipients. This study aims to assess how SLP-COIHPS influences the scientific awareness and research innovation abilities of postgraduate nursing students. In addition, the study sought to examine the experiences of both participating students and health service recipients. We conducted a mixed methods investigation by using web-based surveys and conducting interviews. The web-based surveys aimed to explore the differences in scientific awareness and research innovation capabilities between 2 distinct groups: an experimental group of 23 postgraduate nursing students actively participated in SLP-COIHPS, while 23 postgraduate students (matched one-to-one with the experimental group in terms of grade, sex, and research methods) served as control participants. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 65% (15/23) of postgraduate students and 3% (12/405) of community residents who received health services, aiming to assess the project's impact on them. The community-based intelligent health promotion system installed in intelligent health cabins can be conceptualized as an expert system providing valuable references for student health education. It has the capability to generate comprehensive assessments and personalized health guidance plans. Following training, students were involved in offering health assessments, health education, and related services. Subsequently, after the web-based surveys and semistructured interviews, quantitative data were analyzed using the SPSS (IBM Corp) software package, using 2-tailed t tests and Mann-Whitney U tests; qualitative data underwent analysis using the constructivist grounded theory approach. Postgraduate nursing students participating in this program scored 12.83 (Cohen d>0.8; P<.001) and 10.56 (Cohen d>0.8; P=.004) points higher than postgraduate students in the control group in research awareness and research innovation capability, respectively. On the basis of the qualitative results, postgraduate students reported improvement in this program. Analysis of the interviews revealed a total of 12 subcategories across three primary domains: (1) specialized skills, (2) scientific research ability, and (3) comprehensive qualities. Community residents reported high satisfaction and positive experiences. Analysis of the interviews with community residents identified two primary categories: (1) satisfaction and (2) perceived benefits. SLP-COIHPS had a positive impact on students' development of scientific awareness and research innovation ability. Qualitative study findings also support the further development of practical programs that integrate intelligent health and SL theories in the field of medical education. This includes exploring the potential factors influencing postgraduate nursing students' research capabilities or investigating the long-term effects of the project.

Engineered Materials: Bioinspired “Good Enough” versus Maximized Performance

AbstractUtilizing various materials is fundamental for the production of physical objects. However, processing raw materials during production often leads to complex transformations that hinder the recyclability of modern high‐performance materials. These materials possess increased durability and resilience, challenging their decomposition and limiting their potential for recycling and reuse. In contrast, living Nature manages material utilization without such complications. The emerging discipline of Engineered Living Materials (ELMs) shifts the focus to self‐repairing, self‐supporting growing materials, emphasizing overall sustainability. To effectively address the challenges associated with high‐performance materials, the design process must incorporate considerations of recycling and decomposition from the outset. Environmental challenges associated with material utilization can be addressed by reevaluating material design and prioritizing recycling, decomposition, and embracing Nature's “good enough” principle. The transition toward sustainable resource management requires substantial investment in scientific research that explores the mechanisms by which life sustains itself using solely local resources. Biomimetics and ELMs offer valuable insights, but a deeper understanding of how Nature efficiently utilizes resources is crucial. The integration of engineering advantages not identified in Nature, such as product sub‐unit reuse, can complement these efforts. Paving the way toward a sustainable future requires a comprehensive approach rooted in biological evolution and innovative scientific research.