Under the new liberal arts context, the construction of college majors is showing a trend of interdisciplinary and integrative innovation. The Mongolian-Chinese translation major in ethnic regions, as a vital support for the inheritance of minority language and culture and social development, faces the challenge of adapting to the demands of the times and improving the quality of talent cultivation. This paper analyzes the current construction status of the Mongolian-Chinese translation major in ethnic region colleges and the challenges it faces within the new liberal arts framework. It proposes paths such as optimizing the curriculum system, building a strong faculty team, reforming practical teaching, and applying information technology. Additionally, the paper discusses innovative training models, the integration of cultural heritage and modern demands, and international development strategies, providing practical suggestions for the construction of the Mongolian-Chinese translation major in ethnic region colleges, aiming to promote innovation and sustainable development of the major in the new era.