Innovative Medical Technologies Research Articles

Advancing Healthcare: Intelligent Speech Technology for Transcription, Disease Diagnosis, and Interactive Control of Medical Equipment in Smart Hospitals

Intelligent Speech Technology (IST) is revolutionizing healthcare by enhancing transcription accuracy, disease diagnosis, and medical equipment control in smart hospital environments. This study introduces an innovative approach employing federated learning with Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) neural networks to improve IST performance. Leveraging the “Medical Speech, Transcription, and Intent” dataset from Kaggle, comprising a variety of speech recordings and corresponding medical symptom labels, noise reduction was applied using a Wiener filter to improve audio quality. Feature extraction through MLP and sequence classification with GRU highlighted the model’s robustness and capacity for detailed medical understanding. The federated learning framework enabled collaborative model training across multiple hospital sites, preserving patient privacy by avoiding raw data exchange. This distributed approach allowed the model to learn from diverse, real-world data while ensuring compliance with strict data protection standards. Through rigorous five-fold cross-validation, the proposed Fed MLP-GRU model demonstrated an accuracy of 98.6%, with consistently high sensitivity and specificity, highlighting its reliable generalization across multiple test conditions. In real-time applications, the model effectively performed medical transcription, provided symptom-based diagnostic insights, and facilitated hands-free control of healthcare equipment, reducing contamination risks and enhancing workflow efficiency. These findings indicate that IST, powered by federated neural networks, can significantly improve healthcare delivery, accuracy in patient diagnosis, and operational efficiency in clinical settings. This research underscores the transformative potential of federated learning and advanced neural networks for addressing pressing challenges in modern healthcare and setting the stage for future innovations in intelligent medical technology.

Comparing scissors and scalpels to a novel surgical instrument: a biomechanical sectioning study

BackgroundThis study introduces a novel surgical instrument to reduce iatrogenic nerve injuries during procedures such as carpal tunnel and ulnar nerve decompression surgery. These injuries often result from direct damage to surrounding tissues by surgical instruments, whose designs have remained largely unchanged over the past decades. The novel device is a modified surgical forceps that has a deployable surgical scalpel that runs along a groove on the forceps. This design protects important anatomical structures while allowing fast dissection and cutting of fascial layers.MethodsThe process used to develop a novel instrument included computer-aided design (CAD) modeling, 3D printing for prototyping, and the fabrication of an aluminum prototype. Biomechanical testing was performed with the novel device, iris scissors, bandage scissors, and a scalpel on an MTS Static Materials Test System. The peak force to slide-cut, number of cut attempts, and percentage cut on first attempt were compared between the prototype and traditional surgical tools. The materials cut in testing were Ace™ bandage, stockinette, and gauze. Statistical analyses were performed using Welch’s t-tests and Fisher’s exact tests.ResultsCompared to conventional bandage and iris scissors, the novel surgical instrument required significantly less force to cut through an Ace™ bandage, stockinette, and gauze (p < 0.01). The number of cuts required to transect those same materials with the novel device was comparable to that of the scalpel and bandage scissors. Additionally, while there were no differences between the novel device and the other devices for an Ace™ bandage and stockinette, the novel device tended to cut a greater percentage of gauze in one pass than did the iris scissors.ConclusionThe novel surgical instrument designed in this study required less force compared to conventional scissors, demonstrated cutting efficiency similar to that of a scalpel blade, and had more safety features than either instrument. This study highlights the value of collaboration between biomedical engineering and orthopedic surgery departments on innovation in medical technology, through which new technologies with improved design and functionality demonstrate the potential to reduce iatrogenic injuries.

Nurse-Authored Patents and Their Influencing Factors Analysis Among Oncology Nurses Based on the Structural Equation Model.

This study analysed the status of nurse-authored patents and their influencing factors. In particular, this study examined the effects of nurses' innovative behaviour and creative self-efficacy on nurse-authored patent output via structural equation modelling (SEM). A descriptive cross-sectional study. Nurses were recruited from one tertiary cancer hospital in Beijing, China. Among them, 352 oncology nurses completed the online versions of the Nurse Innovative Behavior Scale and Creative Self-Efficacy Scale in 2023. We collected a total of 332 valid questionnaires. Fifty-seven (17.2%) nurses had 1-3 patents, and only 6 (1.8%) had more than three patents. The final model revealed a chain reaction between creative self-efficacy, innovation behaviour and nurse-authored patent output (χ2 = 11.962, df = 7, p = 0.102). Significant differences were observed in the number of nurse-authored patents and based on age, educational profile, professional title, length of service, position, participation in science and technology innovation training, and experience in project presentation (all p < 0.05). Nurses still play a minor role in the field of medical technology innovation. It is necessary to promote innovative behaviour among nurses and improve their creative self-efficacy in terms of innovation. Developing intervention strategies to encourage nurses to pursue clinical innovations is crucial for nursing managers and technological innovation promoters.

Narratives of growth of formative technological innovation systems based on a knowledge perspective: the case of medical devices

Purpose This study aims to analyze the narratives of growth during the initial stages of development of the medical device technological innovation system (TIS). This paper used micro/nanofluidic-based point-of-care testing (mnPOCT), a breakthrough technology in the health-care sector. Design/methodology/approach This study presents a framework that includes measures of knowledge breadth and sharing mechanisms based on cognitive and actor-based networks. The framework integrates bibliometric, network and statistics-based approaches with a focus on the first decade of mnPOCT development. Findings In addition to the typical patterns of technological emergence, the mnPOCT sector exhibits distinctive characteristics. This paper observed significant scientific content and a high geographic concentration. Although small- and medium-sized enterprises, particularly startups, detonate knowledge development, large companies play a subtle yet impactful role as innovation mediators. Interfirm alliances are sparse, reflecting the complementarities between startups and large firms throughout the innovation value chain. These alliances show a significant correlation with SME knowledge creation. Research limitations/implications This study provides researchers and practitioners with guidelines for assessing the dynamics of the growth of technologies in the earliest stages of growth through knowledge and implications for research strategy toward the development and deployment of effective system interventions. Originality/value The study of formative TISs presents challenges because of the nascent characteristics and uncertainties surrounding emerging technologies. Current discussions on the narratives of growth of emerging TISs are limited to broad descriptions, which hinder understanding of these formative stages. This study offers a unique approach to assessing the initial stages of technological evolution. Moreover, it contributes to the existing literature by providing guidelines for managing new technologies for R&amp;D researchers and practitioners.

Patients’ trust in health information sources as an antecedent of novel healthcare technology usage

Abstract Background As professional health information sources, healthcare maintenance organizations (HMOs) need to convince patients of the necessity, efficiency, and reliability of technology-based services to increase and optimize their usage. It raises the question of whether patients’ trust in health information sources shapes the use of technology-based services and, in return, increases their willingness to use novel healthcare services in the future. Methods Data were collected through an online close-ended survey among 668 adult Israeli citizens insured with Israeli health insurance (85% of them Jewish, 52.5% female, and in their early 40s, with half holding an academic degree). The survey explored actual use and willingness to use innovative healthcare technologies and the trust respondents attributed to various sources of health information. Data were analyzed by SPSS 28. Results Participants generally use healthcare technology primarily to schedule appointments, search for medical information, and make health-related requests. To quite an extent, they are willing to be treated with innovative healthcare technologies (e.g., for radiological purposes and personally tailored medication). Preliminary results suggest that trust in the measured formal health information sources (i.e., formal health providers, HMO, HMO online services) was positively associated with technology-based healthcare services usage (r=.14 - .20, p&amp;lt;.001). A positive association also emerged between the current use of healthcare technology and the willingness to use innovative medical technologies in the future (r=.23, p&amp;lt;.001). Conclusions HMOs, as key players, have the power to maximize the usage of advanced health services by establishing trusting relationships with their patients. This will increase the usage of healthcare technology-based services and generate positive patient experiences, which will result in the willingness to experience novel types of health services in the future. Key messages • Encouraging patients to use technology-based health services will maximize the potential inherent in the use of innovative health services and treatments in the future. • Nurturing trusting relationships with patients at any level in the health system will increase their compliance with health providers’ recommendations to use advanced health services.

Severity of pain syndrome, functional activity, and quality of life in male patients with inguinal hernias in the preoperative period

According to the European Hernia Society (EHS) and the Hernia Surge Group (HSG), males with inguinal pain syndrome make up the majority of candidates for planned inguinal hernia surgeries. Chronic groin pain in the preoperative stage typically has a negative impact on such patients’ functional activity and quality of life. It is therefore considered a significant indication for planned surgery. According to recent research, appropriate functional outcomes, such as improved physical activity and patient quality of life, are as important as an accurate anatomical restoration of the inguinal region after planned inguinal hernia surgery. Objective — to assess the severity of preoperative inguinal pain syndrome, functional activity, and quality of life in male patients with inguinal hernias. Materials and methods. The study focuses on the preoperative clinical examination of 50 patients (males) with primary unilateral inguinal hernias. The patients were treated in the surgical department of the State Scientific Institution «Centre for Innovative Medical Technologies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine» between 2018 and 2024. A questionnaire method was employed to assess the functional activity, quality of life, and severity of pain syndrome in patients before surgery. This method involved the use of the modified Carolinas Comfort Scale (MCCS), the European Questionnaire for the Assessment of Quality of Life (EQ‑5D‑3L), and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results. The average pain severity index on the VAS was 2.1±0.9 points. The MCCS was used to assess patients’ functional activity, resulting in an average total score of 33.7±12.1 points, which corresponded to 44.9%, classifying the patients as «not satisfied» in the clinical group. The EQ‑5D‑3L descriptive system was used to assess patients’ quality of life. We found that 30% reported moderate mobility limitations, 18% reported moderate self‑care issues, and 34% reported limitations in their daily activities. 24% of patients exhibited moderate anxiety or depression‑related symptoms. At the same time, all patients noted the presence of pain syndrome, with 76% experiencing moderate pain and 24% suffering severe pain. Conclusions. The «symptomatic» group of males with inguinal hernias exhibits a high level of local pain syndrome in the area of the hernia protrusion (2.1±0.9 on the VAS, and 24 % of patients reported a significant degree of pain severity before planned surgical intervention (&gt; 3 points) according to the EQ‑5D‑3L system). In the vast majority of cases, it significantly impairs their functional activity and quality of life (66% of patients are not satisfied with their quality of life (32.4±5.6 points on the MCCS)). Effective local pain management is an important objective in the planned surgical treatment of inguinal hernias. This necessitates further investigation into surgical technique selection and procedure adjustments.

Tantangan dan Solusi Terkini dalam Penanganan Penyakit Menular

Infectious disease management continues to face various dynamic challenges along with environmental changes, human travel patterns, and the emergence of new pathogens. This study aims to analyze and identify current challenges and the solution in infectious disease management through a literature review method. The review covered scientific literature from various relevant sources, including journals, books, and reports from international health organizations. The results of this study show that the main challenges include antimicrobial resistance, and lack of health infrastructure in some regions. In addition, global issues such as climate change and urbanization exacerbate the situation by increasing the risk of disease spread. The study also found that international collaboration, innovations in medical technology, and increased public awareness and education are key to overcoming these challenges. In conclusion, addressing infectious diseases requires a multidisciplinary and cross-sectoral approach to improve the global response to evolving health threats.

The study of problems and priority areas for improving procurement in health care

Public procurement in the healthcare system (HCS) is a key factor in ensuring the viability of medical institutions and the quality of medical and pharmaceutical care they provide. The problem of improving the public procurement system has not lost its relevance in recent years, but it is considered mainly in the theoretical and applied aspect. Sociological research (questionnaire) as an effective tool for collecting information allows to explore the opinion of professionals who directly procure essential medicines, medical devices (MDs) and other equipment on the problems that are associated with the procurement planning and conducting processes. It will also help to identify possible ways to improve the efficiency of procurement in the healthcare system, in particular under martial law. The purpose of the study is to investigate the state and problems of organizing centralized and decentralized public procurement of medicines and medical devices, as well as to identify priority areas for their improvement. The survey made it possible to determine the current state and key problems in the sector of medical procurement at different levels of healthcare provision. The survey showed that the most commonly procured medicines, medical devices, reagents, test systems, and medical equipment are the most frequently used. When forming a need, the majority of respondents (84.4%) operate flexibly, depending on the situation, 9.4% use the consumption method, and 6.2% use the incidence method. At the same time, 56.3% of respondents are based on available financial resources, 25% rely on the list of medicines. The survey made it possible to identify the problems that arise in public procurement. These are, first of all, restrictions on procurement according to the National List (56.3%), non-fulfillment/violation of contract terms (18.8%), and creation of artificial obstacles (12.5%). If necessary, procurement of medicines not included in the National List is guided by protocols, state or local formularies. According to the survey, 50% of respondents emphasize the creation of a single list, while 6.3% of respondents are strongly against it. The areas of improvement of the public procurement system proposed by the respondents relate primarily to the regulatory framework (simplification and systematization, stability of the regulatory framework, in particular, regulatory lists; raising thresholds and expanding procurement through the e-catalog; expanding the use of non-price criteria; improving the procedures for procurement of high-value equipment and innovative medical technologies.

Application of Innovative Digital Medical Technologies of Bioquantum Medicine and Therapy in Elimination of Allergy Symptoms

In recent years, there has been an increasing integration of alternative medical technologies, particularly those involving digital medical technologies based on quantum and bioquantum medicine, frequency and wave therapy, and bioquantum therapy, for treating COVID-19, post-COVID, and long-COVID conditions as outlined in ICD-11. This study aimed to experimentally evaluate the latest digital medical technologies, specifically focusing on bioquantum therapy, for allergy treatment. A comprehensive review of existing literature on the application of bioquantum medicine in allergy therapy was conducted. The findings confirm that bioquantum therapy is an effective treatment option for mild to moderate allergies, significantly enhancing symptoms and overall quality of life. BICOM devices are recommended for managing mild to moderate allergies and associated complications. Furthermore, the study highlights that BICOM therapy is not only effective but also safe, with no serious adverse effects observed throughout the year-long study period. Given these promising results, it is recommended that healthcare professionals pursue specialized training, including master classes and continuous professional development in bioquantum medicine and therapy. Obtaining the necessary licenses and permits to work with BICOM devices is essential for ensuring the safe and effective application of this innovative treatment method. As the field continues to evolve, staying updated on the latest advancements in bioquantum medicine will be crucial for medical practitioners.

MedTech start-ups: A comprehensive scoping review of current research trends and future directions.

Medical start-ups (MedTech) significantly contribute to the development and commercialization of innovative healthcare solutions, driving advancements in technology, enhancing treatment effectiveness, and supporting public health. This study explores the main themes and concepts related to MedTech start-ups, examines the research methods used, and identifies major gaps in the literature. A scoping literature review was performed by searching the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases for publications from 2012 to 2023, focusing on MedTech start-ups in titles, abstracts, and keywords. References were analyzed using the Bibliometrix package in R, and a coupling network analysis was conducted, visualizing results on a Coupling Map to identify key research themes and gaps. The research identified 480 unique articles on MedTech start-ups. After removing duplicates and following a PRISMA-based assessment, 79 articles were included in the review. The studies predominantly focused on organizations, including start-ups and Venture Capital funds (46%). Most articles (60%) used qualitative methods, 25% employed mixed methods, and 15% used quantitative methods. Geographically, 63% of articles focused on a single country, primarily the USA (35%), followed by Iran, Sweden, Switzerland, China, and Japan (2-4% each). Coupling analysis identified five topic clusters: crowdfunding for medical research, innovation in medical technology, new product development, digital start-ups, and the venture capital industry. This review highlights the significant role of MedTech start-ups in advancing healthcare innovations despite challenges like regulatory hurdles and high capital requirements. The literature emphasizes the importance of collaboration among universities, industry, and government for successful commercialization. The geographic concentration in the USA indicates a need for more inclusive research. Crowdfunding and venture capital emerge as crucial funding sources, suggesting strategies to mitigate risks and enhance innovation success.

Early access programs for medical devices in France: Overview of recent reforms and outcomes (2015-2022)

The medical technology sector is characterised by a constant influx of innovations with the potential to revolutionise patient care. In France, there are several pathways for medical devices to enter the market, from diagnosis-related group tariffs to reimbursement lists. However, traditional regulatory pathways can delay market access for innovative technologies. In response, France has established Early Access Programs to expedite patient access to medical devices. This paper looks at three of these Early Access Programs for medical devices. Innovation Funding, introduced in its final version in 2015, provides temporary coverage for innovative devices and facilitates data collection for informed funding decisions. Transitional Coverage (PECT), established in 2021, targets CE-marked devices for rare or serious conditions. Transitional coverage for digital health applications (PECAN), introduced in 2022, covers digital medical devices, either therapeutic or for patient monitoring. Innovation funding has been granted to 16 technologies out of 35 applications (46%) since 2015. 6 technologies out of 11 (64%) applications benefit from PECT. PECAN, in its first year, has granted a telemonitoring solution with a favourable opinion. The French experience could provide valuable lessons for the development of a harmonised European framework to ensure that innovative medical technologies benefit those who need them, while maintaining high safety standards.

Cutting–Edge Physics Driven Advancements in Medical Industry

Science contributed to technology by serving as a direct source and creation of ideas for new knowledge. Technology emerged from the application of this knowledge in terms of products, processes and services. Nowadays, due to the multidisciplinary application of physics, medical technology and radiation treatment has begun and widely accompanied within a technology based medical diagnosis and treatment due to the development of physics. In this paper a detailed description and analysis of scientific achievement and technological advancements of physics in medical industry has been clearly reviewed. The application of physics principles to medical sector has made an outstanding contribution in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Many extraordinary tools, those could have played a great role in diagnostic and treatment methods, have appeared as a result of physics discoveries in the last century. This description of physics applications in medical technology and principles has mainly based on comprehensive review of the literature, contributes to suggest the novel ideas used for the innovation of modern medical technologies. This journal paper anecdote the fundamental physical principles used for the innovation of these technological advances, emphasizing their applications to the practice of modern medical industry based on comprehensive review of the literature.

A robust multi-key authority system for privacy-preserving distribution and access control of healthcare data

Innovation in medical technology and communication has rapidly empowered the development of smart healthcare devices. This has led to privacy breaches, threats and vulnerabilities to sensitive patient data that result in unwanted or targeted advertising. Previous research has focused on protecting access to sensitive patient data from unauthorized entities, especially by defining roles of healthcare entities in the overall system with their access privileges. However, such efforts need to be further robust due to the involvement of a single key authority that may lead to a critical point of failure. In this paper, this vulnerability has been addressed by developing a novel approach to crucially increase the number of key authorities using homomorphic encryption. The proposed approach ensures genuine access to the verified entity by forming a subsystem of t key authorities from a total of n authorities (t<n). This creates rigorous challenge to a malicious attacker, obfuscating the selection and functioning of key access packets in a multi-key authority setup. The results of the proposed approach achieve medical data confidentiality, entity authentication, and strategic data sharing. The security of the proposed approach is assessed for different vulnerabilities of the overall system using a challenge–response game model. Moreover, the proposed approach is found to be better and secure as compared to existing schemes.

Emerging Therapeutic Strategies in Cardiovascular Diseases.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including ischemic heart disease and stroke, are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, causing nearly 20 million deaths annually. Traditional therapies, while effective, have not curbed the rising prevalence of CVDs driven by aging populations and lifestyle factors. This review highlights innovative therapeutic strategies that show promise in improving patient outcomes and transforming cardiovascular care. Emerging pharmacological treatments, such as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, introduce novel mechanisms to complement existing therapies, significantly reducing cardiovascular events and mortality. These advancements emphasize the necessity of ongoing clinical trials and research to discover new therapeutic targets. Advanced biological therapies, including gene therapy, stem cell therapy, and RNA-based treatments, offer groundbreaking potential for repairing and regenerating damaged cardiovascular tissues. Despite being in various stages of clinical validation, early results are promising, suggesting these therapies could fundamentally change the CVD treatment landscape. Innovative medical devices and technologies, such as implantable devices, minimally invasive procedures, and wearable technology, are revolutionizing CVD management. These advancements facilitate early diagnosis, continuous monitoring, and effective treatment, driving care out of hospitals and into homes, improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. Personalized medicine, driven by genetic profiling and biomarker identification, allows for tailored therapies that enhance treatment efficacy and minimize adverse effects. However, the adoption of these emerging therapies faces significant challenges, including regulatory hurdles, cost and accessibility issues, and ethical considerations. Addressing these barriers and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration are crucial for accelerating the development and implementation of innovative treatments. Integrating emerging therapeutic strategies in cardiovascular care holds immense potential to transform CVD management. By prioritizing future research and overcoming existing challenges, a new era of personalized, effective, and accessible cardiovascular care can be achieved.

Роль федерального учреждения МНТК «Микрохирургия глаза» в работе региональной детской офтальмологической службы.

One of the main tasks of the children’s ophthalmological service in any region is to ensure the availability of high-tech medical care, however, personnel and technological shortages can negatively affect this indicator. Using the resources of a federal specialized clinic at the regional level can help resolve this issue. The goal is to reflect the participation of the federal specialized clinic in the work of the regional children’s ophthalmological service. Material and methods. The data used to assess the state of provision of ophthalmological care to children was taken from the electronic database of medical records of patients who received ophthalmological care at the Kaluga branch of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution in the period from 2017 to 2023. Results. In 2005, a pediatric surgical department was organized at the Kaluga branch of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution. The work of the department’s ophthalmologists is primarily aimed at providing modern surgical treatment for children with various ophthalmological diseases. The leading scientific and practical direction is retinopathy of prematurity. To ensure optimal accessibility of specialized medical care, implementation of a system for early diagnosis and monitoring of the vision status of children, in the fall of 2020, a Children’s Ophthalmological Diagnostic Center (DOC) was opened within the structure of the Kaluga branch of the MNTK. The priority direction of the DOC is the introduction into clinical practice of innovative medical technologies aimed at early detection and formation of stages in the treatment of eye diseases in children and adolescents, and the determination of recommendations for preventive measures. From 2017 to 2023, the volume of ophthalmological care provided by the Kaluga branch of MNTK was within the range of 1,400–3,000 operations per year. Every year, ophthalmological care is provided directly to more than 1000 children at the Children’s Center. In total, over the entire period of operation of the center, conservative treatment was carried out in 3552 cases of amblyopia, myopia and other forms of ametropia, including severe forms. Using the new treatment method, 809 courses of treatment have been carried out at the Amblyokor complex since September 2020. During the work of the Center, 1908 orthokeratology lens sets were selected and issued. In addition to accepting patients living in the Kaluga region, we are actively accepting children from other regions. Conclusion. Thanks to the work of the branch of the MNTK «Eye Microsurgery» in the Kaluga region, the shortage of highly qualified medical personnel is compensated, the effective use of complex and unique diagnostic and treatment equipment is concentrated and implemented, the widespread introduction of progressive treatment methods into practice is ensured, the optimal route for patients is developed, taking into account the structure of medical organizations, participating in the implementation of the program of state guarantees of providing free assistance to the population. It should be noted that ophthalmological care for the children’s population through the Kaluga branch of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution is largely provided at the interregional level, affecting the territories of neighboring regions.

The effect of mechanical ventilation compared to high-flow nasal cannula on gastric residual volume and reflux events using novel automated technology

Background & aimHigh flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy is frequently used following extubation. A case report, utilizing an innovative medical technology (The smART+ Platform, ART MEDICAL Ltd., Netanya, Israel) that enables the detection of gastric refluxes and gastric residual volumes (GRV), has suggested that HFNC may be associated with increased reflux events and GRV. This study measured reflux events and GRV using smART+ in mechanically ventilated patients before and after extubation while they were receiving HFNC therapy. We aim to show if there a significant difference in reflux events and GRV between HFNC users and mechanically ventilated patients. MethodsThis is a post hoc analysis examines data of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving critically ill adult patients who received enteral nutrition through the smART+ Platform. The study was approved by the local ethics committee. We compared the frequency and amplitude of reflux events and GRV in mechanically ventilated patients. These parameters were assessed both three hours before extubation and subsequently after extubation when the patients were connected to HFNC. Patients served as their own controls. To evaluate the differences between the pre- and post-extubation measurements, we applied a parametric paired t-test. ResultsTen patients (mean age of 58 years; mean APACHE II score 22; mean 3.9 days mechanical ventilation) were included. Three hours prior extubation the mean GRV was 4.1 ml/h compared to 14.03 ml/h on HFNC (p=0.004). The mean frequency of major reflux events was 2.33/h in ventilated patients versus 4.4/h in the HFNC patients (p=0.73). The mean frequency of major reflux events was 9.17/h in ventilated patients versus 9.83/h in HFNC patients (p=0.14). ConclusionsLeveraging the smART+ Platform, we demonstrated that the use of HFNC significantly increases GRV compared with patients on mechanical ventilation and may increase the frequency of major reflux events, thereby increasing risk of aspiration. Further studies are required to support our conclusions.

Application of Platelet-rich Fibrin as a Method of Treatment for Medication-related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Bulgaria

Lately, medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) has emerged as a common disease due to the increasing use of antiresorptive drugs (intravenous bisphosphonates) for the treatment of oncological and osteoporotic diseases, which at an advanced stage significantly affects the quality of life of patients. Therefore, new therapies that accelerate the recovery of musculoskeletal tissue have become preferred in the treatment of such diseases in recent years. An innovative approach, which supports the healing processes is the application of autologous platelet concentrates known as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). Platelets are unique blood elements responsible for hemostasis. Activated platelets secrete a large amount of growth factors that initiate regeneration in soft tissues and bones. PRP is plasma with many more platelets than are usually found in the blood. The concentration of platelets and therefore the concentration of growth factors may be 5–10 times higher (or richer) than usual. PRF is a biological material, which has the ability to release growth factors over time. Growth factors stimulate stem cells, which improve collagen and elastin in the skin. Platelets in PRF are thought to survive better than those in PRP and thus contribute to faster recovery and formation of new tissue. Fibrin is a biological scaffold that forms when an injury occurs anywhere in the body. Platelets normally circulate in the blood and bind to the fibrin scaffold. Thus connected, they are activated and release growth factors, which are small “granules”. These growth factors begin the process of wound healing by creating new skin cells, collagen and blood vessels. The present study is related to the treatment of MRONJ with PRF. It is aimed at researching the attitudes of oral and maxillofacial surgeons in Bulgaria regarding the application of innovative medical technology such as PRF in the treatment of MRONJ. An author's questionnaire was developed with the help of which the survey was carried out. The analysis of the data shows that the interest in PRF in Bulgaria is great, but unfortunately it is rarely applied. However, respondents believe that this is a promising and innovative method in various aspects of surgery.

Evolutionary trends and innovations in cardiovascular intervention.

Cardiovascular diseases remain a global health challenge, prompting continuous innovation in medical technology, particularly in Cardiovascular MedTech. This article provides a comprehensive exploration of the transformative landscape of Cardiovascular MedTech in the 21st century, focusing on interventions. The escalating prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and the demand for personalized care drive the evolving landscape, with technologies like wearables and AI reshaping patient-centric healthcare. Wearable devices offer real-time monitoring, enhancing procedural precision and patient outcomes. AI facilitates risk assessment and personalized treatment strategies, revolutionizing intervention precision. Minimally invasive procedures, aided by robotics and novel materials, minimize patient impact and improve outcomes. 3D printing enables patient-specific implants, while regenerative medicine promises cardiac regeneration. Augmented reality headsets empower surgeons during procedures, enhancing precision and awareness. Novel materials and radiation reduction techniques further optimize interventions, prioritizing patient safety. Data security measures ensure patient privacy in the era of connected healthcare. Modern technologies enhance traditional surgeries, refining outcomes. The integration of these innovations promises to shape a healthier future for cardiovascular procedures, emphasizing collaboration and research to maximize their transformative potential.

Application of Biomechanics in Medical Sciences

Abstract Biomechanics, the study of the mechanical behavior of living organisms, finds numerous applications in medicine, from understanding normal physiological functions to designing medical devices and treatments. Biomechanics plays a vital role in various medical specialties and applications, from diagnosing and treating musculoskeletal disorders to designing medical devices, optimizing rehabilitation strategies, and advancing regenerative medicine. Integrating biomechanics into medical physiology enhances our understanding of human function and drives innovation in medical technology and therapies.

The problems and prospects of import substitution in medical industry

The achievement of economic sustainability and assurance of national security through activation of production sectors, medical industry in particular, is the integral component of successful strategy of state development. The importance of achieving autonomy in production of medical technique is targeted to reducing dependence of external factors, ensuring continuity of supply of critically important equipment and increasing level of technical characteristics of production. Besides it, expansion of medical production positively impact on innovative development, organization of new work places and level of scientific research in this industry. The development of national medical industry contributes to improvement of quality of medical care that directly affect population health. The necessity to maintain stability of health care through import substitution of medical products is indisputable fact in modern conditions, determined by strategically important direction from national security point of view. The article considers measures within the framework of import substitution plan in medical industry of the Russian Federation for period up to 2024. The analysis of volume of national production of medical equipment in dynamics over 5 years was carried out. The main problems of production of medical devices at the present stage were considered. The measures of state support targeted to development of national production of medical equipment and innovative medical technologies were discussed.