Inner Diameter Of Vessels Research Articles

Analysis of the diameter of the distal radial artery at anatomic snuffbox by ultrasonography in patients scheduled for coronary intervention.

Assessing the size of the distal radial artery (DRA) in anatomic snuffbox (AS) before coronary intervention is extremely important in the selection of suitable patients, improving the success rate of puncture and reducing the complications. To evaluate the diameter of the DRA in AS and its influencing factors in Chinese patients scheduled for coronary intervention. Ultrasound was used to detect the inner diameter of vessels. A total of 1182 patients were involved in the study. In all patients, the mean inner diameters of the DRA, conventional radial artery (CRA) and ulnar artery (UA) were 2.00 ± 0.43 mm, 2.38 ± 0.51 mm and 1.99 ± 0.47 mm, respectively. The proportion of DRA diameter ⩾2.0 mm was 53% (in all patients), 64% (in males), 36% (in females), respectively. The DRA/CRA ratios were 0.85 ± 0.13 in all patients, 0.86 ± 0.13 in males and 0.84 ± 0.13 in females. The diameter of the DRA was strongly positively correlated with the diameter of the CRA (r = 0.750, p < 0.05), and weakly correlated with the body mass index (r = 0.303, p < 0.05) and the diameter of the UA (r = 0.304, p < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that female sex, age ⩾60 years, body mass index <24 kg/m2, previous CRA/DRA access and history of coronary artery disease were independent predictors of the DRA diameter <2.0 mm. Measurement of the diameter of the DRA by ultrasonography may offer important information prior to coronary catheterization.

The effects of dyslipidemia on noise-induced hearing loss in petrochemical workers in the Southwest of Iran.

Research has shown that the decrease in the inner diameter of vessels caused by hyperlipidemia lowers the capacity for blood oxygen delivery to the cochlea. This leads to impaired cochlear metabolism and causes hearing problems. The effects of dyslipidemia on noise-induced hearing loss in workers were examined. This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 692 male employees in a petrochemical industry in the southwest of Iran exposed to 85 dB noise. Clinical audiometry and blood sample tests were used to evaluate the hearing and prevalence indices of dyslipidemia (cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL). The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25 (p = 0.05). The results showed that the prevalence of dyslipidemia was 24.5% with abnormal relative triglyceride frequency of 49.5%, HDL of 28%, LDL of 33%, and total blood cholesterol level of 37.8%. There was no significant relationship between NIHL and dyslipidemia (p > 0.09). However, the major NIHL drops at different frequencies were in the individuals with dyslipidemia. The parameters age and dyslipidemia increased NIHL odds ratio (95% C.I.) by 1.130 (1.160-1.100) and 1.618 (2.418-1.082) respectively. The rate of hearing loss in individuals with dyslipidemia increases at different frequencies and it leads to an increase of the OR of NIHL in individuals with dyslipidemia. We can control dyslipidemia and its effective factors. The NIHL is more common in people exposed to noise.

Anatomic study of upper cervical reconstruction by posterior arch of atlas

Objective To investigate the anatomy of upper cervical vertebrae's stable reconstruction by poster arch of atlas screw by anatomic study. Methods To collect the anatomical data of 39 dry atlas with the average inner diameter of vessel of atlas, the average high and wide of the screw point of poster arch of atlas, the average high and wide of poster arch of atlas beneath the groove for vertebral artery, the tract length of poster arch screw, the tract length of lateral mass screw, the direction and angle of poster arch screw, and the direction and angle of lateral mass. Statistical comparison were performed with Student test between the tract length of poster arch screw and the tract length of lateral mass screw. Results The average inner diameter of vessel of atlas was (26.8±2.58) mm(21.7-31.0 mm). The screw point high and wide of poster arch of atlas were (6.83±1.97) mm and (6.40±1.36) mm respectively. The average high and wide of poster arch of atlas beneath the groove for vertebral artery were (4.37±1.11) mm and (8.05±1.33) mm respectively. The tract length of poster arch screw were (30.54±1.705) mm. The direction and angle of poster arch screw was 15°-20° incline laterally and 0°-5°incline cephalo. 25.6%(10 cases) patients with the diameter less than 3.5mm beneath the groove for vertebral artery. The direction and angle of lateral mass screw was 32.05°±6.03° incline medially and 5° incline cephalo. There were significant differences between the tract length of poster arch screw and the tract length of lateral mass screw(t=59.528, P＜0.001 ). Conclusion About 74.4% patients can reconstruct the upper cervical stable by poster arch of atlas screw. The technique can gain instant upper cervical stable, and reduce the risk of injury of blood vessel by over explore the atlas arch compare with the technique of lateral mass screw fixation of atlas. The technique is worth to promoting with its character of safe, easy perform and rigid fixation. Key words: Atlas; Spinal fusion; Bone screws; Anatomy

Clinical Anatomy of the Maxillary Artery

The Maxillary artery is a component of the terminal branch of external carotid artery and distributes the blood flow to upper and lower jawbones and to the deep facial portions. It is thus considered to be a blood vessel which supports both hard and soft tissues in the maxillofacial region. The maxillary artery is important for bleeding control during operation or superselective intra-arterial chemotherapy for head and neck cancers. The diagnosis and treatment for diseases appearing in the maxillary artery-dominating region are routinely performed based on image findings such as CT, MRI and angiography. However, validations of anatomical knowledge regarding the Maxillary artery to be used as a basis of image diagnosis are not yet adequate. In the present study, therefore, the running pattern of maxillary artery as well as the type of each branching pattern was observed by using 28 sides from 15 Japanese cadavers. In addition, we also took measurements of the distance between the bifurcation and the origin of the maxillary artery and the inner diameter of vessels. These findings thus obtained could contribute to knowledge of improved accuracy of image diagnosis as an index for embolization and for knowledge of an adequate superselective intra-arterial chemotherapy.

Role of potassium channels in regulation of rat coronary arteriole tone

Activity of potassium (K +) channels plays a key role in regulating arterial tone and therefore blood flow. But little is known about the roles of K + channels in the coronary arterioles. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influences of several potassium channel blockers on resting vascular tone in isolated rat coronary arteriole. The coronary arterioles were carefully dissected, cannulated and pressurized. The inner diameter of vessels was recorded by a computerized diameter tracking system and the effects of K + channels on the development of vascular myogenic tone was tested by application of various K + channel inhibitors. Inhibition of voltage-dependent K + (K V) channels and inward rectifier K + (K ir) channels significantly increased the tone constriction. But inhibition of Ca 2+-activated K + (K Ca) channels and ATP-sensitive K + (K ATP) channels had no effect on the resting tone. In addition, inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) further decreased the tone diameter. Combined inhibition of K V, K ir and NOS induced the strongest tone constriction. Our results suggested that activity of K V and K ir channels, and basal nitric oxide (NO) contribute to the myogenic tone in rat coronary arteriole under resting conditions, but basal NO may not contribute to the activation of K V and K ir channels. K Ca and K ATP channels are likely to have a very low open probability under normal conditions.