Inner-city Minority Research Articles

Characteristics of Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery in an Inner-City Minority Population: A Pre and Postoperative Comparison Between Patients With and Without Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Background Obese patients are at an increased risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Bariatric surgery or weight loss surgery is an important therapeutic measure in obese patients for the management of weight and comorbidities. Data are scarce in inner-city Hispanic and Black patients who undergo bariatric surgery, which eventually leads to health disparity in this minority population. Differences between patients with and without OSA have not been assessed in this population. This study aims to answer these questions. Methodology The study was conducted in a high-volume hospital in the Bronx, New York. Before bariatric surgery, patients underwent a preoperative evaluation that included a variety of blood tests, a sleep study, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and echocardiography. They also underwent basic anthropometric measurements, such as weight, height, and body mass index (BMI), before surgery and 6 months and 12 months postoperatively. Additional calculations were made using these anthropometric measures, namely, total weight loss, excess weight loss, and delta BMI. Results Most patients were Hispanic (85.2%), with a mean age of 41.9 ± 10.8 years. We found that of the 108 patients included in the study, 69.4% (70/108) had OSA.Preoperative BMI in the study was 43.9 ± 13 kg/m2. Postoperatively, the mean decrease in BMI was 12.3 ± 14.5 kg/m2. Total weight loss and excess weight loss were 30.2 ± 14.3 and 52.6 ± 16.6, respectively. Conclusions In this study, no significant difference was noted in patients with or without OSA in either the laboratory or anthropometric parameters.

COVID vaccine acceptance in inner-city minority cancer population.

134 Background: COVID-19 pandemic has caused delay in cancer diagnosis and treatment risking increase in cancer-related mortality. COVID vaccines offer hope to control pandemic and ensure uninterrupted cancer care. Per CDC, as of May 25, 2021, vaccination rates for minorities, especially African Americans (AA) and Hispanics (HISP) have lagged behind (https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#vaccination-demographic). Our study was undertaken to explore attitudes of Chicago’s inner-city minority cancer population towards COVID-19 vaccination when vaccines became available (Dec 2020) and 5 months later (May 2021). Methods: Cook County Health is a large public health care system in the USA. A voluntary brief 15 question anonymous survey was offered at clinic intake by the Medical Assistant (MA) in Oncology and Hematology clinics for 1 month starting December 16, 2020. The survey was IRB exempt. A follow up one-question survey was given for 1 week in May 2021 at one MA intake station asking if patients had received or planned to receive the vaccine. No identifying information was collected. Results: Initial phase: A total 505 completed surveys were received consisting of 199 (39%) AA, 201 (40%) HISP, 51 (10%) Whites, 38 (8%) Asians and 3% other. There were 58% women, 58% patients with education high-school/less and 91% with annual household income <$40,000. Overall, 320 (63%) patients were agreeable to take/consider taking the vaccine now, if available, 134 (26.5%) wanted to wait and see while 51 (10%) absolutely refused the vaccine. Reasons for hesitation (wait and see) were vaccine being experimental (51%) and not wanting to be the first to receive (49%), not trusting the vaccine information (16%). Reasons for absolutely refusing were vaccine being experimental (75%) and not trusting the information (47%), did not believe in vaccines (12%). About 62% of AA, 69% HISP, 68% Asians and 49% Whites were agreeable to the COVID vaccine (p<0.05). Wait and see was reported by 26% AA, 25% HISP, 32% Asians and 29% Whites (p=NS). Absolute denials were 12%, 6% and 22% among AA, HISP and Whites respectively (p<0.05). The most common reason for denial for all 3 groups was belief that vaccine was still experimental (71% AA, 85% HISP and 73% Whites). The second most common reason reported for denial was mistrust of the vaccine information reported by 50% AA, 38% HISP and 36% Whites respectively. Second phase: Of 162 consecutive patients asked if they had received the vaccine, 119 (73%) had received 1 or both vaccine doses, 18 (11%) were planning to receive it while 26 (16%) had no plans to get vaccinated as yet. Conclusions: Unlike national vaccination rates, inner-city minority cancer population has been very accepting of the COVID vaccines as evidenced by high vaccination rates. AA and Hispanics were more open to vaccination than whites. These high rates in AA and HISP is especially encouraging considering this population has historically had lower reported vaccination rates.

Relationship between Obesity, Cognitive Function, and Quality of Life Among Inner-City Minority Youth

Relationship between Obesity, Cognitive Function, and Quality of Life Among Inner-City Minority Youth

Prenatal and Perinatal Risk Factors for Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Inner-city Minority Infants

Children born in urban minority populations are at higher risk of respiratory morbidity, including lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. There is a critical need to identify risk and protective factors for LRTI in this vulnerable population.

Anxiety due to COVID-19 and impact on patients receiving chemotherapy in an inner-city minority population.

108 Background: Cook County Health (CCH) is one of the largest public safety net hospitals in the United States. COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected patient care. Although hospitals took measures to keep patients safe, there is a general level of anxiety in patients about coming to the hospital. This study was undertaken to see the impact of COVID-19 and anxiety in patients actively receiving infusional therapy at our institution. Methods: All patients coming to our Infusion Center were offered an anonymous written questionnaire. The survey was given for 10 calendar days in June 2020 after Chicago moved into Phase-3 of re-opening that indicated significant control of COVID-19. The survey was offered in English, Spanish and Polish. It also included the GAD scale for anxiety assessment. Statistics were done using the t-test and z-test. Results: A total of 107 patients completed the survey. About 55% were women with 67% patients over 50 years old. Of the 90 people that specified their race, 44% were black and 42% were Hispanic, 9% whites, and 5% others. Overall 68% had high school or less level of education with Hispanics having significantly lower education than blacks. About 30% had testing for COVID-19 with 81% being negative. Treatment interruption occurred in 39% patients. Despite 75% finding our infusion center extremely or very safe for treatments 28% still felt moderately or severely anxious on the GAD scale. Blacks had similar levels of anxiety compared to Hispanics in March 2020 but no significant change over the months compared to Hispanics who had a significant reduction in anxiety over time. Blacks also had significantly higher rates of moderate to severe anxiety on the GAD scale (33%), while no Hispanic had severe anxiety and 18% had moderate anxiety. Despite a higher level of anxiety, blacks were less likely to have treatment interruptions compared to Hispanics (Table). Conclusions: Despite low levels of anxiety, Hispanics were more likely to have treatment interruptions during the COVID pandemic compared to blacks who had a higher level of anxiety but lower levels of treatment interruptions. The cause of this may be the level of education and awareness between the groups. However, overall there is still a significant amount of anxiety in the inner-city minority population regarding COVID-19. [Table: see text]

Prenatal and early childhood exposure to phthalates and childhood behavior at age 7 years

BackgroundEmerging evidence suggests that phthalate exposure may be associated with behavior problems in children and that these associations may be sex specific. MethodsIn a follow up study of 411 inner-city minority mothers and their children, mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP), monethyl phthalate (MEP) and four di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate metabolites (DEHP) were quantified in maternal urine samples collected during the third trimester and in child urine samples at ages 3 and 5 years. The Conners’ Parent Rating Scale-Revised: Long Form (CPRS) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were administered to the mothers to assess children’s behavior problems at 7 years of age. The analysis included children with available measures of CBCL, CPRS and phthalates measured in maternal urine. We performed both Quasi-Poisson regression and a mixture analysis using Weighted Quantile Sum(WQS) regression to assess the risk for CPRS scores and for internalizing and externalizing behaviors (from the CBCL) following intra-uterine exposure to the phthalate metabolites for boys and girls separately. ResultsAmong boys, increases in in anxious-shy behaviors were associated with prenatal exposure to MBzP (Mean Ratio [MR] = 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36) and MiBP (Mean Ratio (MR) = 1.22, 95%CI 1.02–1.47). Among girls, increases in perfectionism were associated with MBzP (MR = 1.15, 95%CI 1.01–1.30). In both boys and girls, increases in psychosomatic problems were associated with MiBP (MR = 1.28, 95%CI 1.02–1.60), and MnBP (MR = 1.28, 95%CI 1.02–1.59), respectively. Among girls, decreased hyperactivity was associated with two DEHP metabolites, mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MR = 0.83, 95%CI 0.71–0.98) and mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MR = 0.85, 95%CI 0.72–0.99). Using weighted Quantile Sum logistic regression, no associations were found between the Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) of phthalate metabolites and CPRS scores or externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Nonetheless, when the analysis was performed separately for DEHP and non-DEHP metabolites significant associations were found between the WQS of DEHP metabolites and social problems in boys (OR = 2.15, 95%CI 1.13–4.06, p-value = 0.02) anxious-shy problems in girls (OR = 2.19, 95%CI 1.15–4.16, p = 0.02), and emotional lability problems in all children (OR = 0.61, 95%CI 0.38–0.97, p = 0.04). MEHP and MEOHP were the most highly weighted DEHP metabolites in WQS mixture. The analysis performed with CBCL scale corroborated these associations. ConclusionConcentration of non-DEHP metabolites was associated with anxious-shy behaviors among boys. DEHP phthalate metabolites were associated with decreased hyperactivity and impulsivity among girls on CPRS scores. These findings lend further support to the adverse associations between prenatal phthalate exposure and childhood outcomes, and clearly suggest that such associations are sex and mixture specific.

Javanese Traditional Songs for Early Childhood Character Education


 
 
 Character education in early childhood is not new, and character education is also not just a transfer of knowledge, but something that needs to be built early on through various stimula- tions. This study aims to develop the character of early childhood through audio-visual media with traditional Javanese songs. Using educational design-based research to develop audio-visual media from traditional songs, this media was tested in the field with an experimental design with a control group. Respondents involved 71 kindergarten students from one experimental class in one control class. The data revealed that character education in children shows the average value of the experi- mental class is higher than the control group, this means character education in children can be built through traditional songs. Further research can be done to improve the character of early childhood through a variety of media that interests children.
 Keywords: Early Childhood, Character Education, Javanese Traditional Songs Media

The Relationship Between Family History of Cancer and Prevalence of Asthma and Allergies in Pediatric Patients in an inner-city minority population.

The Relationship Between Family History of Cancer and Prevalence of Asthma and Allergies in Pediatric Patients in an inner-city minority population.

Effect of child abuse and neglect on risk behaviors in inner-city minority female adolescents and young adults

BackgroundOver six million children each year are referred to child protective services for child abuse (sexual, physical and emotional) and neglect (physical and emotional). ObjectiveWhile the relationship between child sexual abuse and sexually transmitted infections has been documented, there has been little research regarding the effects of other forms of maltreatment. Participants and setting882 inner-city females aged 12–20 years of age seen at a large adolescent and young adult (AYA) health center in New York City between 2012–2017. MethodsHistory of maltreatment was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Associations with depressive symptoms, antisocial behavior, peer deviancy, drug/alcohol use, and risky sexual behaviors were assessed. ResultsHistory of maltreatment was common in our cohort of inner-city AYA females, with 59.6 % reporting any type of maltreatment, including sexual abuse (17.5 %), physical abuse (19.5 %) or neglect (26.2 %), and emotional abuse (30.7 %) or neglect (40.4 %). We observed significant associations between all forms of maltreatment and risk of depression, drug/alcohol use, antisocial behaviors, peer deviancy, and risky sexual risk behaviors (including having a higher number of sexual partners, having a sexual partner 5+ years older, and anal sex). Physical and emotional abuse were associated with having unprotected sex while under the influence of drugs/alcohol. Conclusions and relevanceReporting a history of maltreatment was associated with an increased likelihood of engaging in risky sexual and antisocial behaviors, as well as depression in inner-city female youth. These data highlight the broad, lingering repercussions of all types of child maltreatment.

HIV associated hepatocellular cancer (HCC) in an inner-city minority population.

e15680 Background: The Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) era has seen a rise in the incidence of non-AIDs defining cancers. This study was undertaken to study the characteristics associated with HIV+ HCC in an inner-city minority population. Methods: Patients with diagnosis of HCC since January 2011 until December 2018 were identified from our hospital’s electronic medical database using ICD-9/ICD-10 codes. Charts were retrospectively screened to confirm diagnosis of HCC and identify HIV+ patients. HIV+ HCC were compared to HIV- cohort from 2011 to 2016. Statistical analysis was done using the chi-square and t-test. Results: A total of 14 HIV+ HCCs were identified and compared to 239 HIV- HCC (Table 1). All HIV+ HCC were men (100%) with 86% African Americans (AA) (p < 0.05). HIV+ HCC were more likely to be HCV+, HBV+ and less likely to have history of alcoholism. Seventy-nine percent HIV+ HCC were Child-Pugh A at diagnosis compared to 35% in HIV- HCC. The median years between diagnosis of HIV and HCC was 18. All 14 HIV+ HCC (100%) were on HAART at the time of HCC diagnosis with viral load (available for 12) undetectable in 10 (83%) and < 100 copies/mL in 2 (17%). The average CD4 count at HCC diagnosis was 258 cells/µL with 10 (71%) having CD4 counts > 200 cells/µL. HCC was multifocal in 71% HIV+ compared to 49% of HIV- patients. AFP levels were < 20 ng/mL for 50% of the HIV+ HCC patients. There were 43% BCLC B and no BCLC D patients in HIV+ HCC compared to 17% and 24% in HIV- (p < 0.05 for both). 67% HIV+ BCLC Stage C patients died within 20 weeks of HCC diagnosis. Conclusions: HIV+ HCC is predominantly AA, exclusively male disease in our inner-city population. Compared to other studies showing HIV+ HCC to be younger than the HIV- patients, our HIV+ patients were similar in age to the HIV- cohort. HIV+ HCC is more multifocal with early mortality despite early BCLC stage.. Studies are needed to investigate if frequent HCC screening may be needed in HIV+ patients with HCV/HBV co-infection.[Table: see text]

HIV associated head and neck cancers in an inner-city minority population.

e13124 Background: Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) is a common non-AIDS defining malignancy and its risk increases by 1.7 to 4-fold with HIV infection. Little is known about the epidemiology and outcomes in this subset of patients. This study was undertaken to evaluate the characteristics of HIV+ HNC in an inner city minority population. Methods: All patients with a diagnosis of HNC from January 2008 to December 2017 were identified from the Tumor Registry Database of Cook County Health. We screened patients for HIV+ status at the time of HNC diagnosis. Retrospective chart review of those with Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was performed and compared to the largest reported HIV+ HNC cohort (SPORE consortium – J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015; 65(5):603-10). Other histologies were not included. Results: A total of 1379 charts were screened and 38 unique HIV+ patients with SCC were identified. The most common tumor sites were oral cavity (34%), larynx (26%) and oropharynx (26%), similar to SPORE. However, our cohort had a higher number of African Americans (AA) and a greater proportion of female patients. The median age of diagnosis was 52 years, which is similar in both studies but much lower than the non-HIV population (SEER database - median age 65). Over 63% had an undetectable viral load (VL) compared to 1.4% in SPORE, but the median CD4 count did not differ (298 vs 300 cells/µL). Survival information was available for 27 patients, with a median of 21 months (mo) versus 49 mo in SPORE. Overall survival (OS) was higher in non-smokers (34.5 mo vs 21 mo) and those with CD4>500 when compared to CD4<100 (42mo vs 15mo) Table summarizes the comparison of data. Conclusions: HIV+ HNC was predominantly seen in AA males. When compared to the SPORE cohort, OS was much poorer in the inner city minority, despite similar median age and CD4 counts. In addition, smokers and those with CD4 <100 cells/µL at diagnosis seem to have worse outcomes. [Table: see text]

Theatres of Procedure

This article revisits the emergence of stop and frisk law in the 1960s to make three points. One, the impetus for formalizing police stops arose midst confusion generated by Mapp v. Ohio, the landmark Warren Court opinion incorporating the exclusionary rule to the states. Two, police over-reactions to Mapp intersected with fears of urban riots, leading to a formalization of stop and frisk rules that aimed at better containing inner-city minority populations. Three, the heightened control of urban streets coupled with the heightened protection of the private home bore geographic implications, interiorizing liberty in ways that perpetuated a national narrative of expanding freedoms even as it contributed to black incarceration.

Outcomes of minority patients with very severe hypertension (>220/>120 mmHg).

Acute severe hypertension is a common problem among inner-city ethnic minority populations. Nevertheless, the effects of currently employed treatment regimens on blood pressure have not been determined in a clinical practice setting. We determined the SBP responses to acute antihypertensive drug protocols and the 2-year natural history of patients presenting with severe hypertension. Retrospective cohort investigation in consecutive patients with SBP at least 220 mmHg and/or DBP at least 120 mmHg during 3-month enrollment in 2014 with 2-year follow-up. Primary outcomes were SBP versus time for the first 5 h of emergency treatment and 2-year follow-up including repeat visits, target organ events, and hospitalizations. One hundred and fifty-six unique patients met criteria with 69% Black; 34% Hispanic; 56% had previous visits for severe hypertension; 31% had preexisting target injury. Acute management: Acute antihypertensive regimens resulted in grossly unpredictable and often exaggerated effects on SBP. Treatment acutely reduced SBP to less than 140 mmHg in 30 of 159 patients. Clonidine reduced SBP to less than 140 mmHg in 19/61. Two-year follow-up: We observed 389 repeat visits for severe hypertension, 99 new target events, and 76 hospitalizations accounting for 620 hospital days. Acute treatment of severe hypertension produced unpredictable and potentially dangerous responses in SBP. Two-year follow-up demonstrated extraordinary rates of recurrent visits, target organ events, and hospitalizations. Our findings indicate a need to develop effective management strategies to lower blood pressure safely and to prevent long-term consequences. Our findings may apply to other hospitals caring for ethnic minority populations.

Community needs of minority male youth living in inner-city Chicago

Youth living in low income, urban inner-city environments are exposed to a variety of risk factors for poor psychosocial outcomes. Some of these factors include poverty, inadequate housing, and exposure to gang activity and violence. Despite the well-documented risks of inner-city living, questions still remain regarding how best to improve the wellbeing of minority youth living in these communities and additional research is still needed. The goal of the current study, therefore, was to assess Black and Hispanic inner-city male youth's perceptions of the most pressing needs facing their community. As existing research disproportionately relies on surveys and existing databases to identify the needs of inner-city communities, this study provides a unique contribution to the literature in the utilization of a qualitative methodology. Focus groups were conducted with minority boys living in inner-city Chicago. Audiotapes of these focus groups were transcribed, coded, and thematically analyzed using the NVivo software program. Youth reported community violence prevention, organized recreational activities, and safe parks as their most salient community needs. These data support the need for alternatives-based interventions and additional funding for violence prevention initiatives. This study improves our understanding of what inner-city minority boys view as their most pressing neighborhood needs and should lead to more relevant community programming and tailored interventions.

"Reflections on Migration and Economic Globalization: The 1992 L.A. Riots and the Korean American Community"

The second largest Korean diasporic community resides in the U.S. The Korean American population increased in the 1960s/70s. These new urban immigrants found themselves in a new America where minority civil rights had just been gained and economic globalization changed the face of the American corporate business model. However, Koreans who migrated to the U.S. in the 1960s/70s were ignorant of the tumultuous racial and fiscal issues of their new homeland. Inner cities like South Central LA and Detroit, suffered the brunt of the downfall of the US economy as manufacturers left those once bustling towns. Faced with discrimination in corporate America, Korean Americans were forced into opening small businesses in those inner cities. While economic globalization had opened trade, and increased the interdependency of international economies, domestic racial and discrimination issues persisted in the US. Cultural differences, the disparity between the haves and the have-nots, government neglect, and police brutality, would fuel the anger and resentment of the inner-city minority population of African Americans toward the middle man “model minority” Korean American community. Not realizing that Korean Americans shared similar racial and discriminatory experiences, African Americans believed Korean Americans were taking advantage of the black community. By the 1980s, the black-Korean conflict made headlines. Then the Rodney King verdicts would spark the 1992 LA Riots and the targeting of Korean American businesses. The question is, how did migration and economic globalization contribute to the 1992 LA Riots and the Korean American experience? How did the Korean American identity change since then, especially as cultural globalization and things like the Hallyu Wave have deconstructed our traditional ideas of identity? My paper will seek to answer the aforementioned questions.

How the Opioid Addiction Crisis Was Rendered ‘White’

The opioid crisis and its effect on suburban and rural white populations has focused attention on socioeconomic factors. Yet the fastest rising rate of opioid deaths is in African-American communities where the response to addiction has largely been punitive.

Regorafenib tolerance and outcomes in inner-city minority colorectal cancer population.

722 Background: Regorafenib (REG) is an oral multikinase inhibitor used for treatment of metastatic colon cancer after progression on fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and irinotecan therapy. The FDA approval was based on CORRECT trial showing improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Another trial (CONCUR) showed similar results. However, these trials included predominantly Whites and Asians. Our study aimed to evaluate treatment outcomes in the underserved, mainly African Americans and Hispanics. Methods: Cook County hospital is the 3rd largest public hospital in the US. All patients with an order for REG were identified from our pharmacy database. Charts were retrospectively reviewed for cancer stage, age, ethnicity, previous treatments, PFS and OS. Patients with non-colorectal cancer, incomplete data, no evidence of REG usage were excluded. Statistical analysis was done by t-test on subgroups. Results: A total of 42 patients were screened and 30 were included in the study. A comparison of outcomes with CORRECT and CONCUR trials is presented in Table 1. Our study patients, despite being less heavily pre-treated, had a worse OS compared to the clinical trials, with similar PFS. There was a trend towards better PFS and OS in women in our study of 4.3 and 4.8 months compared to men with 1.9 and 3.3 months respectively (p = NS). Six (20%) patients discontinued REG due to intolerance within a median of 1.2 months. The intolerant patients had a significantly higher median BMI of 31 compared to 24.9 for patients who continued the medication to progression (p = 0.019). Conclusions: Compared to CORRECT and CONCUR trials, population of predominantly AA and Hispanics showed a trend towards worse OS despite being less heavily pre-treated indicating worse outcomes in minorities treated with REG. Women showed better PFS and OS compared to men in our study. Patients unable to tolerate REG had significantly higher BMI, indicating a need to study dosing in this subgroup. [Table: see text]

Parental Perspectives of Barriers to Physical Activity in Urban Schoolchildren With Asthma

ObjectivePhysical activity (PA) levels are low in today's youth and may even be lower in those with asthma. Barriers to PA have not been well studied in inner-city minority children with asthma. We conducted a qualitative study to characterize parental perceptions of barriers to PA and ways to improve PA levels in children with asthma. MethodsWe used the socioecologic model to inform development of our interview guide. Questions fell into 2 socioecologic model domains: interpersonal (parent, family) barriers and community (neighborhood, school) barriers. Qualitative semistructured interviews were conducted with 23 parents (21 mothers, 2 fathers) of inner-city children with asthma (aged 8–10 years) from 10 Bronx, New York, elementary schools. Sampling continued until thematic saturation was reached. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and independently coded for common themes. Emerging themes were discussed and agreed on by investigators. ResultsThree themes surrounding interpersonal barriers to PA emerged: 1) parental fear of exercise-induced asthma due to lack of child symptom awareness, 2) nonadherence and refusal to take medications, and 3) challenges with asthma management. Four themes around community barriers to PA emerged: 1) lack of trust in school management of asthma, 2) lack of school PA facilities, 3) unsafe neighborhoods, and 4) financial burden of PA. ConclusionsA complex, multilevel set of barriers to PA exist in children with asthma. Addressing these barriers by involving stakeholders at the family, school, and community levels may improve PA levels in children with asthma.

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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: More than 2 out of 3 adults in the United States are overweight or obese. Obesity disproportionately affects minority populations. There is limited data on obesity and CVD risks among inner-city minority cab drivers in New York City (NYC). The goal is to study perceptions, knowledge and health behaviors of Hispanic livery cab drivers of NYC that contributes to obesity. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We conducted an observational study of focus groups related to perception, knowledge, or behavior among Latino livery cab drivers of NYC. Direct transcription of the taped recordings into concepts were grouped into themes and common themes were categorized. The sample size of the focus groups was based on the saturation point where common themes emerged. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In total, 25 Latino livery cab drivers were enrolled. Of those, 24 were men. Mean age is 53 years (21–69); body mass index (BMI) is 31 (22.8–38.7) kg/m2; 50% had hypertension and 27% had diabetes. Eight dominant themes emerged. Cab drivers were aware of their increased risk for CVD which most of them attributed to work stress, sedentary lifestyle, and poor eating habits “on-the-go”. In particular, they mentioned a tendency of having “Pipa,” a Spanish term denoting increased abdominal girth, which they equated to early death. Family and social support was an important facilitator in changing unhealthy behaviors. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Our study shows that minority cab drivers are generally obese or overweight and aware of their personal risk factors for CVD including central obesity. Social and family support may be key to improving their lifestyle. An evidenced-based health model that includes family education and decision support will be tested in our next study phase to understand if it can improve body weight.

Creating a Critical Genetics Curriculum as a Counternarrative to/in the Urban Imaginary

I am explicating the neologism critical genetics as a site of curricular engagement for urban science students, acknowledging that schools and school systems are hierarchical structures that reflect a community’s social norms and practices. This critical and standards-based critical genetics curriculum interrogates and disrupts the deficit narratives for inner-city minority youth while helping students manifest skills that are crucial for college-bound science learners. I also explicate the curricular choices made in an attempt to help students participate in developing authentic counternarratives so that they could resist the racial determinism embedded in dominant narratives of school success.