Inner-city Areas Research Articles

Estimate of main local sources to ambient ultrafine particle number concentrations in an urban area

Quantifying and apportioning the contribution of a range of sources to ultrafine particles (UFPs, D<100nm) is a challenge due to the complex nature of the urban environments. Although vehicular emissions have long been considered one of the major sources of ultrafine particles in urban areas, the contribution of other major urban sources is not yet fully understood. This paper aims to determine and quantify the contribution of local ground traffic, nucleated particle (NP) formation and distant non-traffic (e.g. airport, oil refineries, and seaport) sources to the total ambient particle number concentration (PNC) in a busy, inner-city area in Brisbane, Australia using Bayesian statistical modelling and other exploratory tools. The Bayesian model was trained on the PNC data on days where NP formations were known to have not occurred, hourly traffic counts, solar radiation data, and smooth daily trend. The model was applied to apportion and quantify the contribution of NP formations and local traffic and non-traffic sources to UFPs. The data analysis incorporated long-term measured time-series of total PNC (D≥6nm), particle number size distributions (PSD, D=8 to 400nm), PM2.5, PM10, NOx, CO, meteorological parameters and traffic counts at a stationary monitoring site. The developed Bayesian model showed reliable predictive performances in quantifying the contribution of NP formation events to UFPs (up to 4×104particlescm−3), with a significant day to day variability. The model identified potential NP formation and no-formations days based on PNC data and quantified the sources contribution to UFPs. Exploratory statistical analyses show that total mean PNC during the middle of the day was up to 32% higher than during peak morning and evening traffic periods, which were associated with NP formation events. The majority of UFPs measured during the peak traffic and NP formation periods were between 30–100nm and smaller than 30nm, respectively. To date, this is the first application of Bayesian model to apportion different sources contribution to UFPs, and therefore the importance of this study is not only in its modelling outcomes but in demonstrating the applicability and advantages of this statistical approach to air pollution studies.

Urban residence, neighborhood poverty, race/ethnicity, and asthma morbidity among children on Medicaid

Although poor-urban (inner-city) areas are thought to have high asthma prevalence and morbidity, we recently found that inner cities do not have higher prevalent pediatric asthma. Whether asthma morbidity is higher in inner-city areas across the United States is not known. This study sought to examine relationships between residence in poor and urban areas, race/ethnicity, and asthma morbidity among children with asthma who are enrolled in Medicaid. Children aged 5 to 19 enrolled in Medicaid in 2009 to 2010 were included. Asthma was defined by at least 1 outpatient or emergency department (ED) visit with a primary diagnosis code of asthma over the 2-year period. Urbanization status was defined at the county level and neighborhood poverty at the zip-code level. Among children with asthma, logistic models were created to examine the effects of urbanization, neighborhood poverty, and race/ethnicity on rates of asthma outpatient visits, ED visits, and hospitalizations. This study included 16,860,716 children (1,534,820 with asthma). Among children enrolled in Medicaid, residence in inner-city areas did not confer increased risk of prevalent asthma in either crude or adjusted analyses, but it was associated with significantly more asthma-related ED visits and hospitalizations among those with asthma in crude analyses (risk ratio, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.24-1.36; and 1.97; 95% CI, 1.50-1.72, respectively) and when adjusted for race/ethnicity, age, and sex (adjusted risk ratio, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.08-1.15; and 1.62; 95% CI, 1.26-1.43). Residence in urban or poor areas and non-Hispanic black race/ethnicity were all independently associated with increased risk of asthma-related ED visits and hospitalizations. Residence in poor and urban areas is an important risk factor for asthma morbidity, but not for prevalence, among low-income US children.

Reducing Exposure to Mouse Allergen Among Children and Adolescents With Asthma Is Achievable, but Is It Enough?

Exposure to indoor allergens contributes significantly to asthma morbidity, with children raised in inner-city areas particularly affected by such exposures. Most inner-city homes have evidence of mouse infestation,1 with a linear dose-response relationship between mouse allergen exposure and asthma morbidity among mouse-sensitized children and adolescents.2 Furthermore, a threshold exposure level of greater than 0.5 μg of the major mouse allergen (Mus m1) per gram of house dust has been identified as clinically relevant. Preschool children with asthma living in inner-city Baltimore, Maryland, who were sensitized to mouse allergen and exposed to greater than 0.5 μg/g of Mus m1 experienced 50% more symptom days, 80% more days of β-agonist use, and increased risks of emergency department visits and hospitalizations compared with children with lower levels of exposure.3

Living with diversity in Jane-Finch

In the past decades, diversity has become a popular catchphrase in theoretical, policy and public discourses in Canadian cities. Toronto is Canada’s most diverse city, wherein a long-standing immigration history coupled by the introduction of the Canadian Multiculturalism policy in the 1970s have rendered diversity a prominent value for the city’s inhabitants (Ahmadi and Tasan-Kok, 2014). Celebration of diversity has become a popular theme in Toronto’s policy and image making, such that many policy documents have proclaimed diversity as the city’s biggest strength. However, while the celebration of diversity has attracted funds and services to inner city Toronto, stereotyping based on different categories of diversity (particularly ethnicity and class) has resulted in the stigmatization and criminalization of poor racialised neighbourhoods located at the edges of the city. Diversity in urban areas may derive from multiple factors such as behaviour, lifestyles, activities, ethnicity, age, gender and sexuality profiles, entitlements and restrictions of rights, labour market experiences, and patterns of spatial distribution. Research on diversity in the past decades has resulted in the creation of an extensive body of work on the notion. However, there are a few gaps in theory which the present study seeks to address, namely: (a) Research on diversity often overlooks the complexity and dynamic nature of diversity and maintains an overemphasis on ethnicity. (b) Despite plentiful evidence for the diversification of peripheral neighbourhoods, the available body of research focuses primarily on inner-city areas, leaving out the more remote rural and suburban areas (Humphris, 2014). (c) There is a tendency to present a ‘flat’ or ‘horizontal’ type of differentiation of diversity, which does not account for the various positions and hierarchies within and between different categories of difference. In light of these gaps, this study seeks to add to our understanding of urban diversity, as perceived and experienced by those who inhabit, frequent and govern urban areas. It answers the following primary research question: How is diversity experienced at the neighbourhood level, as (a) discourse, (b) social reality, and (c) practice? Diversity as discourse refers to the public narratives around diversity, while diversity as social reality concerns the descriptive characteristics that render an area diverse. Diversity as practice refers to policies, programs and local practices that aim towards managing diversity (see also Berg and Sigona, 2013). The research question is investigated in four interconnected chapters, which engage with the three formerly mentioned dimensions to various degrees. The study further makes use of a variety of qualitative and participatory techniques (i.e. qualitative interviews, roundtable talks, participant observations, and focus groups) to gather rigorous empirical data on living with and managing diversity in an inner-suburban neighbourhood of Toronto, namely Jane-Finch.

Living with diversity in Jane-Fitch

In the past decades, diversity has become a popular catchphrase in theoretical, policy and public discourses in Canadian cities. Toronto is Canada’s most diverse city, wherein a long-standing immigration history coupled by the introduction of the Canadian Multiculturalism policy in the 1970s have rendered diversity a prominent value for the city’s inhabitants (Ahmadi and Tasan-Kok, 2014). Celebration of diversity has become a popular theme in Toronto’s policy and image making, such that many policy documents have proclaimed diversity as the city’s biggest strength. However, while the celebration of diversity has attracted funds and services to inner city Toronto, stereotyping based on different categories of diversity (particularly ethnicity and class) has resulted in the stigmatization and criminalization of poor racialised neighbourhoods located at the edges of the city. Diversity in urban areas may derive from multiple factors such as behaviour, lifestyles, activities, ethnicity, age, gender and sexuality profiles, entitlements and restrictions of rights, labour market experiences, and patterns of spatial distribution. Research on diversity in the past decades has resulted in the creation of an extensive body of work on the notion. However, there are a few gaps in theory which the present study seeks to address, namely: (a) Research on diversity often overlooks the complexity and dynamic nature of diversity and maintains an overemphasis on ethnicity. (b) Despite plentiful evidence for the diversification of peripheral neighbourhoods, the available body of research focuses primarily on inner-city areas, leaving out the more remote rural and suburban areas (Humphris, 2014). (c) There is a tendency to present a ‘flat’ or ‘horizontal’ type of differentiation of diversity, which does not account for the various positions and hierarchies within and between different categories of difference. In light of these gaps, this study seeks to add to our understanding of urban diversity, as perceived and experienced by those who inhabit, frequent and govern urban areas. It answers the following primary research question: How is diversity experienced at the neighbourhood level, as (a) discourse, (b) social reality, and (c) practice? Diversity as discourse refers to the public narratives around diversity, while diversity as social reality concerns the descriptive characteristics that render an area diverse. Diversity as practice refers to policies, programs and local practices that aim towards managing diversity (see also Berg and Sigona, 2013). The research question is investigated in four interconnected chapters, which engage with the three formerly mentioned dimensions to various degrees. The study further makes use of a variety of qualitative and participatory techniques (i.e. qualitative interviews, roundtable talks, participant observations, and focus groups) to gather rigorous empirical data on living with and managing diversity in an inner-suburban neighbourhood of Toronto, namely Jane-Finch.

Sink or Swim: Promoting Youth Development Through Aquatics Programs in Baltimore, Maryland

Youth participation in structured recreational activities promotes positive youth development. Engagement with others as part of a team or through group activities allows youth to develop skills in social interaction, goal setting, discipline, emotional maturity, physical activity competence, and many other abilities. As a recreational activity, group-oriented sport, and life skill, swimming has the potential to positively affect youth development in many different domains. Despite the promise of swimming for youth development, large disparities exist in access to and use of pools and swim programming. Swimming opportunities are much less available and less utilized by minority populations, especially in inner-city urban areas. In Baltimore City, Maryland, programs have attempted to improve youth swimming abilities and promote pool use for physical fitness, but participation has been low. The objective of this study is to understand the factors influencing use of swim programming offered in Baltimore, in order to identify suggestions for improving swim programs to more effectively engage inner city minority youth. Researchers conducted 13 in-depth-interviews, three focus group discussions, and six pool observations. Informants included Baltimore City parents, teachers, young adults (18-24 years old), aquatics staff, and city officials from both swimming and non-swimming backgrounds. Findings suggest that important barriers to youth participation in swimming include inconsistent availability of swim programs, limited knowledge of swimming opportunities, variant local definitions of swimming ability, and a lack of role models. Motivators to swimming participation include supportive role models and perceptions of swimming as a gateway to employment opportunities. To improve programs promoting youth development through swimming, the identified barriers and motivators should be addressed by developing messaging focused on: skills of competent swimmers, pool and class schedules, financial costs and support, pool safety, transportation options, benefits of indoor pools, the growing diversity of swimmers, family-oriented aquatic activities, the social and physical appeal of swimming, and employment opportunities swimming can provide. Community outreach and engagement with schools and parent organizations could help change social norms and increase youth participation in swimming. This would provide youth, both in Baltimore and other urban populations, with more opportunities for positive development. Subscribe to JPRA

The OPTIMA Core Programme: early audit findings on the effectiveness of an inner-city specialist service for frequently admitted patients with bipolar disorder

The OPTIMA Core Programme: early audit findings on the effectiveness of an inner-city specialist service for frequently admitted patients with bipolar disorder

The sociocultural aspects of takeaway food consumption in a low-socio-economic ward in the large metropolitan city of Manchester: A grounded theory study

Objectives: Takeaway foods form a growing proportion of the UK diet. This consumption is linked with poor health outcomes due to their adverse nutritional profile. However, there is little research regarding the sociocultural context surrounding the consumption of takeaway meals. This research aimed to explore the sociocultural factors that influence the consumption of takeaway foods. Design: The study employed constructivist grounded theory (GT) methodology. Data were collected using one-to-one semi-structured interviews from an inner-city area of Manchester (Rusholme). Data sorting and analysis was implemented using the GT constant comparative method. Setting: Rusholme, Manchester, UK. Participants: Adult participants (aged 18 to 65 years) consuming takeaway meals at least once/month were recruited using social media and community settings. Results: 13 participants were interviewed (female 69%, mean age=38 years). Three superordinate themes were derived from data: social factors, personal factors and resources. Social Factors included the influence of routines and traditions, influential others and a sense of community in the bonding and affirming of relationships. Personal Factors explored the subordinate themes of controlling damage and values relating to food choice. The third theme ‘Resources’ included time, availability, cost and quality. Conclusion: This study shows the sociocultural influences on food choice decisions are complex and may go beyond access and availability. Any policy change to limit takeaway consumption should acknowledge these vital processes in food choice to inform targeted effective approaches.

Miejska polityka mieszkaniowa jako niezbędne wsparcie dla procesów rewitalizacji obszarów śródmiejskich na przykładzie Łodzi

Artykuł ma na celu zwrócić uwagę na konieczność powiązania tematyki mieszkaniowej z procesami rewitalizacji w miastach, szczególnie tymi skoncentrowanymi na zamieszkałych obszarach śródmiejskich. Właściwie zaplanowana i wdrażana miejska polityka mieszkaniowa, uwzględniająca potrzeby obszarów zdegradowanych, stanowi jeden z najistotniejszych elementów wsparcia rewitalizacji i zwiększa szanse jej powodzenia. Artykuł może stanowić inspirację zarówno dla polskich, jak i ukraińskich miast, które opracowując politykę mieszkaniową powinny mieć świadomość jej wpływu na podejmowane w praktyce działania rewitalizacyjne. Autorka pragnie także zwrócić uwagę na istotę partycypacji społecznej związanej z kreowaniem, programowaniem i wdrażaniem zmian przestrzennych, społecznych, gospodarczych i środowiskowych w obszarach śródmiejskich. Udany bowiem proces rewitalizacji to taki, w którym aktywnie uczestniczą wszyscy jego interesariusze oraz faktycznie współdecydują i współodpowiadają za przestrzeń, w której żyją.

Sun exposure, UV irradiance and serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in pregnant women in rural north India.

To document the effect of season and environmental pollution on UVB irradiance; and to estimate cutaneous vitamin D synthesis in village women in different seasons. Radiant UVB energy was measured by a spectroradiometer in different seasons and, in April and May, on successive days in open areas at the city outskirts, at a crowded inner-city area and the villages of our participants. Clothing, outdoor activity pattern and serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D) levels were documented. Rural north India, latitude 26·8°N. Pregnant women (n 139, aged 20-40 years). UVB irradiance ranged from 56 µW/cm2 in January to 470 µW/cm2 in June. Proportion of skin exposed was 18·5 % in summer and 9·5 % in winter. Mean (sd) daily duration of sun exposure was 3·2 (0·2) h during winter and 2·1 (0·4) h during summer. Cutaneous vitamin D synthesis was estimated to be 19·25 µg (770 IU) during winter and 37·25 µg (1490 IU) during summer. Mean (sd) serum 25(OH)D was 28 (15) nmol/l during winter (92 % of participants with 50 nmol/l). Mean (sd) UVB irradiance at peak summer was significantly higher at the open areas and in the villages than at the inner-city location (340 (45) and 310 (60) v. 250 (50) µW/cm2, P=0·03). In our population, at latitude 26·8°N, poor skin exposure is a limiting factor in all seasons. During winter, low UVB radiation energy also contributes. Particulate pollution limits UVB irradiance. Vitamin D supplementation during winter may be necessary.

Searching for cures: Inner-city and rural patients' awareness and perceptions of cancer clinical trials.

Fewer than 5% of cancer patients participate in clinical trials, making it challenging to test new therapies or interventions for cancer. Even within that small number, patients living in inner-city and rural areas are underrepresented in clinical trials. This study explores cancer patients' awareness and perceptions of cancer clinical trials, as well as their perceptions of patient-provider interactions related to discussing cancer clinical trials in order to improve accrual in cancer clinical trials. Interviews with 66 former and current in inner-city and rural cancer patients revealed a lack of awareness and understanding about clinical trials, as well as misconceptions about what clinical trials entail. Findings also revealed that commercials and television shows play a prominent role in forming inner-city and rural patients' attitudes and/or misconceptions about clinical trials. However, rural patients were more likely to hold unfavorable views about clinical trials than inner-city patients. Patient-provider discussions emerged as being crucial for increasing awareness of clinical trials among patients and recruiting them to trials. Findings from this study will inform communication strategies to enhance recruitment to cancer clinical trials by increasing awareness and countering misconceptions about clinical trials.

Interaction of severe convective gusts with a street canyon

Severe convective gusts lead to wind conditions that differ from those of atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) flows. Main differences are high velocities at ground level and transient flow conditions. Their interaction with inner-city areas has only rarely been examined and is the aim of the present work. In the experimental study the convective gusts were simulated by a jet, imbedded in an ABL flow generated by a wind-tunnel. The gust impinged on a street canyon model. Both steady experiments (continuous jet) and non-steady experiments (pulsed jet) were conducted. Flow fields within the street canyon were measured by means of a 2D/2C TR-PIV system.Comparisons of the steady flow field within a street canyon model and for a gust propagation on open terrain revealed an average increase of the maximum horizontal velocity of 50% within the canyon, an increase of the outflow's height, and a conservation of high velocities over a distance more than 3 times larger compared to open terrain conditions. Further experiments with a transient gust included the generation of a ring vortex. This vortex propagates above the street canyon and results in an additional increase of peak velocities.

The effect of liquor licensing restrictions on assault: a quasi-experimental study in Sydney, Australia.

To determine whether restrictions on the availability of alcohol in two inner-city entertainment areas in Sydney, Australia (1) reduced the incidence of assault in those areas, (2) increased the incidence of assault in nearby areas (where the restrictions did not apply), (3) resulted in a net reduction in overall levels of assault (4) and/or whether the reductions in assault were most pronounced during the daily time-periods when liquor trading restrictions were in operation. Structural time-series modelling was used to estimate and compare trends in assault in areas/times affected by the new restrictions on alcohol availability with trends in assault in areas unaffected by the new restrictions. Sydney, Australia. The primary outcome measure was the police-recorded monthly incidence of non-domestic assault in the 78months between January 2009 and June 2015. Following the reforms, we found reductions in assaults of 45% [beta = -0.599, 95% confidence interval (CI)=-1.107, -0.091] and 22% (beta =0.260, 95% CI=-0.397, -0.123), respectively, in the Kings Cross and Sydney CBD Entertainment Precincts. In the Kings Cross Entertainment Precinct, reductions in assault were observed in all three daily time-periods. In the Sydney CBD Entertainment Precinct reductions in assault were observed only in the second and third daily time-periods. Assaults did not increase in entertainment areas adjacent to or within easy reach of the target areas. Restrictions on the availability of alcohol appear to reduce the incidence of assault.

Parental networks, ethnicity, and social and cultural capital: the societal dynamics of educational resilience in Turkey

Resilience research has increasingly gained ground in the field of education research, due to its potential for ameliorating inequalities. This article deals with the emergence of educational resilience, with particular attention to parental network structure, by employing a Bourdieusian social and cultural capital approach. While much of the literature discusses resilience normatively as a personal trait, this article frames it as an outcome of larger societal processes. Drawing on a comparative study of the experiences of resilient student–mother and dropout–mother pairs living in inner-city areas of Istanbul, the article illustrates that the emergence of resilience is strongly linked to resources such as parental networks and that parental networks significantly differ along the nexus of ethnicity.

Factors associated with suicides in Wolverhampton: Relevance of local audits exploring preventability.

Suicide rates and associated risk factors are known to change over time. The periodic evaluation of suicides in a particular locality may identify specific issues that may help in prevention efforts. The profile of 146 consecutive cases with suicide, open and narrative verdicts between January 2004 and July 2011 in Wolverhampton was studied in order to explore associated factors. Specific information about methods, mental health issues and stressors was collected. There was considerable variation in suicides in different wards of the city, with higher occurrences in inner-city areas. Male suicides were three times more common, and they were significantly younger than in female suicides. Common methods were hanging (52.7%) and poisoning (21.9%) involving a wide range of drugs. Life events were reported in 52.1% suicides, most frequently relational problems (28.1%), followed by physical illness and bereavement. Mental-health factors were associated with 63.0% of suicides, predominantly depression (45.9%) and alcohol and drug abuse (6.8%). The majority of the suicide victims (63.0%) were not in contact with mental-health services, including: most men (68.8%), young suicides up to age 34 (78.6%), the elderly (69.2%) and Asians (70.0%). A considerable proportion of these suicides had mental-health issues, mainly depression (42.4%) and alcohol or drug abuse (6.5%). Significantly more of them (69.6% vs. 22.2%) had stressors compared with suicides known to mental-health services. The findings of the study highlighted risk factors that may help prioritising intervention initiatives. It appears that local suicide audits may complement national information on suicide in designing appropriate local suicide-prevention strategies.

Insurgent Regeneration: Spatial Practices of Citizenship in the Rehabilitation of Inner-City São Paulo

The city center of São Paulo, Brazil, has increasingly become a key site for local housing movements to challenge the rules and practices of differentiated citizenship in urban Brazil. This is in line with Sassen’s analysis arguing that the last two decades have seen an increasingly urban articulation of global struggles, and a growing use of urban space to make political claims. Organized vacant buildings and occupations led by social movements in the center of São Paulo are prominent examples of urban spaces being appropriated to advance the claims of otherwise marginalized urban subjects. In the face of rising inequalities and social and spatial divisions across the city, squatted buildings emerge as a space of negotiation with political consequences at various times and scales. Apart from acquiring a symbolic value in the debate over regeneration and gentrification processes in the inner-city area of São Paulo, vacant building occupations are simultaneously intended by their proponents as a means to provide shelter to those in need, experiment with alternative ways of producing low-income housing in well-located urban areas, and contribute to wider demands for urban reform across Brazil. This article explores in detail the spatial practices of individuals and groups occupying a building known as Ocupação Marconi. It focuses on the production of the building being seen as a device for advancing alternative formulations of citizenship, and discusses the implication of this interpretation for a renewed definition of the notion and practice of urban regeneration.

Small-scale variability of particulate matter and perception of air quality in an inner-city recreational area in Aachen, Germany

Small-scale variability of particulate matter and perception of air quality in an inner-city recreational area in Aachen, Germany

Public drunkenness as a nuisance in Ghent (Belgium) and Trento (Italy)

This article explores the reality of the nuisance of public drunkenness in one nightlife location of Ghent (Belgium) and in one of Trento (Italy) and inspects the way alcohol-related disorder is viewed and tackled by police officers there. Drawing on the literature arguing for the existence of different of in western and southern European countries, a distinct reality of the nuisance of public drunkenness was hypothesized to be present in these two cities. Against the backdrop of cultural criminology scholarship and of the national literature on policing practices, it was expected that the physical/aesthetic appearance of street drinkers would differently impact on the way police officers there represent alcohol-related disorder and enforce national and local nuisance regulations. The gathered data indicate that while drinking patterns and connected disorderly behavior do not significantly vary in Ghent and in Trento, the aesthetic/physical characteristics of certain groups of people play a role in shaping the representations of some police officers in Trento. The study concludes that cultural and context-specific factors, including those linked to the cultures of drinking and to aesthetics, should be considered in criminological research to more fully understand and explain the different policing views on and attitudes to alcohol-related disorder in inner-city nightlife areas. In its conclusions, the article also highlights some directions for future research.

A private rental sector paradox: unpacking the effects of urban restructuring on housing market dynamics

The private rental sector (PRS) is growing in many advanced economies due to declining home ownership and retrenchment in social housing. This paper examines changes in the PRS in the context of housing market change and ongoing urbanisation processes. Using the example of Australia, it identifies a paradox when examining detailed changes in PRS composition between 1996 and 2011. Increasing demand from higher and lower income households has occurred alongside increasing concentration of supply in mid-market segments. The paper discusses possible explanations of this mismatch. It suggests that middle/higher income households rent through a mixture of constraint and choice in areas with a high level of amenity, adding to understanding of gentrification of inner-city areas. Urban restructuring, evident in increased land values in inner areas of large cities, has resulted in limited ‘filtering down’ of older housing into low-rent private rental stock and a concentration of investment in supply in mid-market segments with greatest prospects for resale and rental.

Integrating Permanent Supportive Housing and Co-Occurring Disorders Treatment for Individuals Who Are Homeless

ABSTRACTObjectives: While permanent housing, addictions, and mental health treatment are often critical needs to achieve housing stability and community reintegration, few studies have systematically integrated them into a single comprehensive approach for people experiencing chronic homelessness. This pilot study examined the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of systematically integrating permanent supportive housing and an evidence-based co-occurring disorders intervention called Maintaining Independence and Sobriety Through Systems Integration, Outreach, and Networking (MISSION). Methods: This single-group open pilot enrolled 107 people with co-occurring disorders experiencing chronic homelessness from two Massachusetts inner-city and rural areas. Enrolled subjects were interested in receiving permanent supportive housing along with 1 year of MISSION services. Data were collected through baseline and 6- and 12-month follow-up assessments. Results: Participants (Mage = 49.52 years, SD = 10.61) were mostly male (76.6%), Caucasian (52.3%), and unemployed (86.0%), with an average of 8.34 years (SD = 8.01) of homelessness. Self-reported lifetime problems with anxiety (75.7%) and depression (76.6%) were common, as was use of alcohol (30.8%), cannabis (31.8%), and cocaine (15.9%). Almost all participants (95.3%) were placed into permanent housing, which took on average 42.6 days from enrollment (SD = 50.09). Among those placed, nearly 80% of the clients were able to retain housing through the end of the study. Overall retention was high, with 86.0% remaining in MISSION treatment until the end of the study. While there were no significant changes in rehospitalization, service utilization, or substance use, there were modest significant mental health symptom improvements from baseline to program completion. Conclusions: This pilot study suggests that co-occurring disorder interventions like MISSION are feasible to integrate with permanent supportive housing despite the somewhat differing philosophies, and preliminary data suggested substantial improvements in housing and modest improvements in mental health symptoms. While caution is warranted given the lack of a comparison group, these findings are consistent with other rigorous studies using MISSION among homeless individuals who did not receive permanent supportive housing.