Injury Prevention Research Research Articles

Potential for advances in data linkage and data science to support injury prevention research

The recent COVID-19 pandemic stimulated unprecedented linkage of datasets worldwide, and while injury is endemic rather than pandemic, there is much to be learned by the injury prevention community from...

Answering the call for better science: an update on SAVIR’s efforts to advance antiracism in injury and violence research

In response to the call for better science that the Society for Advancement of Violence and Injury Research (SAVIR) put out 4 years ago, SAVIR established its Anti-racism Interest Group...

Gaining Insight: Data Needs for Firearm Injury Prevention Researchers

ABSTRACTBetween 1996 and 2018, there was little federally funded research on gun violence, even though it remains a perennial issue, resulting in considerable loss of life. Advocacy and academic groups piece together data to conduct their research, but the U.S. firearms data infrastructure is limited. A current National Institute of Health (NIH)‐funded coordinating center led by researchers at the University of Michigan aims to help confront that problem. This Quality Improvement (QI) study seeks to uncover the information needs of researchers in firearm injury prevention and community‐based interventions through interviews with public health, medical, and criminal justice researchers. Interviews reveal problems associated with existing databases and infrastructures, as well as what researchers need to support their research. We find fragmented data resources and a lag in public health data availability create obstacles to obtaining many datasets. The researchers also describe problems and opportunities for data harmonization across intervention‐focused studies.

Public Health Initiatives of Wearable Sensors for Health Monitoring and Early Heart Disease Detection

The science of preserving and enhancing individual and community health is known as public health. In order to accomplish this task, healthy lifestyle promotion, disease and injury prevention research, and the detection, prevention, and management of infectious diseases are used. Early detection and treatment of health disease can improve the prognosis for the condition worldwide. However, the massive volume of data needed poses a problem to the current automatic algorithms for diagnosing health illness. This study presents a medical gadget that uses the Internet of Things to gather cardiac data from individuals both before and after of heart illness. Technology is developing at a quick pace, leading to the establishment of many methodologies and ongoing research into solutions for problems that arise in a variety of industries. Preprocessing techniques are employed to effectively classify collected health data because the human body generates enormous amounts of data all the time. Furthermore, the most important phase is accurately classifying health data, which is necessary for diagnosis. The Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) is among the greatest and most efficient methods for categorising medical data. The results of the simulation in experimental research demonstrate that following this advise improves classification accuracy.

256 Bridging the Gap: Translating Sport Injury Prevention Research into Community-Level Practice

256 Bridging the Gap: Translating Sport Injury Prevention Research into Community-Level Practice

Addressing the Issue of Potential Workplace Violence Events for Sonographers and Vascular Technologists

Workplace violence is considered the act or threat of violence, exemplified by verbal threats and or physical threats perpetrated to an employee in the workplace. As part of the ongoing survey research being conducted, workplace violence events (WVEs), specific to sonographers and vascular technologists, were explored. These threats were further categorized based on the four types of WVE proposed by the Injury Prevention Research Center in 2001. Qualitative analysis of this survey data and voluntary comments, provided by study participants, were identified as condescending behavior, and being bullied as major workplace concerns. Further qualitative assessment of the comments resulted in identifying the added risk of Customer/client (Type 2) and Worker-on-worker (Type 3) WVEs, which are considered forms of verbal abuse. This information needs to be considered by each sonographer and vascular technologist and whether it is an issue in their workplace. In addition, a comprehensive workplace violence prevention program is advocated to address workplace incivility and promote worker health, safety, and well-being. Providing annual training is not enough, as workers need to have policies and resources readily available to address WVEs when they occur. These policies and resources should specifically address WVEs perpetrated by patients and co-workers.

Efficacy of multicomponent interventions on injury risk among ice and snow sports participants—a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundIce and snow sports, which are inherently high risk due to their physically demanding nature, pose significant challenges in terms of participant safety. These activities increase the likelihood of injuries, largely due to reduced bodily agility and responsiveness in cold, often unpredictable winter environments. The critical need for effective injury prevention in these sports is emphasized by the considerable impact injuries have on the health of participants, alongside the economic and social costs associated with medical and rehabilitative care. In the context of ice and snow sports environments, applying the E principles of injury prevention to evaluate intervention measures can guide the implementation of future sports safety and other health promotion intervention measures in this field. When well executed, this approach can substantially reduce both the frequency and severity of injuries, thereby significantly enhancing the safety and long-term viability of these challenging sports.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to rigorously assess and statistically substantiate the efficacy of diverse injury prevention strategies in ice and snow sports, aiming to bolster future safety measures with solid empirical evidence.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsThe overarching aim of this research was to meticulously aggregate and scrutinize a broad spectrum of scholarly literature, focusing on the quantifiable efficacy of diverse, multicomponent intervention strategies in mitigating the incidence of injuries within the realm of ice and snow sports. This endeavour entailed an exhaustive extraction of data from esteemed academic databases, encompassing publications up to September 30, 2023. In pursuit of methodological excellence and analytical rigor, the study employed advanced bias assessment methodologies, notably the AMSTAR 2 and GRADE approaches, alongside sophisticated random-effects statistical modelling. This comprehensive approach was designed to ensure the utmost validity, reliability, and scholarly integrity of the study’s findings.ResultsFifteen papers, including 9 randomized controlled trials, 3 case‒control studies, and 3 cohort studies with 26,123 participants and 4,382 injuries, were analysed. The findings showed a significant reduction in injury rates through various interventions: overall injury prevention (RR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.42–0.63), educational training (RR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.34–0.73), educational videos (RR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.34–0.81), protective equipment (RR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.46–0.87), and policy changes (RR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.16–0.49). Subgroup analysis revealed potential heterogeneity in compliance (p = 0.347). Compared to controls, multicomponent interventions effectively reduced injury rates.ConclusionThis systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that multicomponent interventions significantly prevent injuries in ice and snow sports. By applying the E principles of injury prevention and constructing a framework for practical injury prevention research in ice and snow sports, we can gradually shift towards a systemic paradigm for a better understanding of the development and prevention of sports injuries. Moreover, sports injury prevention is a complex and dynamic process. Therefore, high-quality experiments in different scenarios are needed in future research to provide more reliable evidence, offer valuable and relevant prevention information for practitioners and participants, and help formulate more effective preventive measures in practice.

A Biopsychosocial Model for Understanding Training Load, Fatigue, and Musculoskeletal Sport Injury in University Athletes: A Scoping Review.

McClean, ZJ, Pasanen, K, Lun, V, Charest, J, Herzog, W, Werthner, P, Black, A, Vleuten, RV, Lacoste, E, and Jordan, MJ. A biopsychosocial model for understanding training load, fatigue, and musculoskeletal sport injury in university athletes: A scoping review. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): 1177-1188, 2024-The impact of musculoskeletal (MSK) injury on athlete health and performance has been studied extensively in youth sport and elite sport. Current research examining the relationship between training load, injury, and fatigue in university athletes is sparse. Furthermore, a range of contextual factors that influence the training load-fatigue-injury relationship exist, necessitating an integrative biopsychosocial model to address primary and secondary injury prevention research. The objectives of this review were (a) to review the scientific literature examining the relationship between training load, fatigue, and MSK injury in university athletes and (b) to use this review in conjunction with a transdisciplinary research team to identify biopsychosocial factors that influence MSK injury and develop an updated, holistic biopsychosocial model to inform injury prevention research and practice in university sport. Ten articles were identified for inclusion in this review. Key findings were an absence of injury surveillance methodology and contextual factors that can influence the training load-fatigue-MSK injury relationship. We highlight the inclusion of academic load, social load, and mental health load as key variables contributing to a multifactorial, gendered environmental, scientific inquiry on sport injury and reinjury in university sport. An integrative biopsychosocial model for MSK injury in university sport is presented that can be used to study the biological, psychological, and social factors that modulate injury and reinjury risk in university athletes. Finally, we provide an example of how causal inference can be used to maximize the utility of longitudinally collected observational data that is characteristic of sport performance research in university sport.

Head Acceleration Events During Tackle, Ball-Carry, and Ruck Events in Professional Southern Hemisphere Men's Rugby Union Matches: A Study Using Instrumented Mouthguards.

Describe head acceleration events (HAEs) experienced by professional male rugby union players during tackle, ball-carry, and ruck events using instrumented mouthguards (iMGs). Prospective observational cohort. Players competing in the 2023 Currie Cup (141 players) and Super Rugby (66 players) seasons wore iMGs. The iMG-recorded peak linear acceleration (PLA) and peak angular acceleration (PAA) were used as invivo HAE approximations and linked to contact-event data captured using video analysis. Using the maximum PLA and PAA per contact event (HAEmax), ordinal mixed-effects regression models estimated the probabilities of HAEmax magnitude ranges occurring, while accounting for the multilevel data structure. As HAEmax magnitude increased the probability of occurrence decreased. The probability of a HAEmax ≥15g was 0.461 (0.435-0.488) (approximately 1 in every 2) and ≥45g was 0.031 (0.025-0.037) (1 in every 32) during ball carries. The probability of a HAEmax >15g was 0.381 (0.360-0.404) (1 in every 3) and >45g 0.019 (0.015-0.023) (1 in every 53) during tackles. The probability of higher magnitude HAEmax occurring was greatest during ball carries, followed by tackles, defensive rucks and attacking rucks, with some ruck types having similar profiles to tackles and ball carries. No clear differences between positions were observed. Higher magnitude HAEmax were relatively infrequent in professional men's rugby union players. Contact events appear different, but no differences were found between positions. The occurrence of HAEmax was associated with roles players performed within contact events, not their actual playing position. Defending rucks may warrant greater consideration in injury prevention research.

Poor Sleep Quality Contributes to Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Young Adults with Adverse Childhood Experiences

Introduction: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) represent severe psychosocial stressors during the first 18 years of life that promote a dose-dependent, lifetime increase in cardiovascular disease risk. ACEs have been associated with impaired vascular endothelial function and poor sleep quality in young adults. However, whether poor sleep quality influences the association between ACEs and vascular endothelial function is unclear. We hypothesized that sleep quality would mediate the association of ACE exposure with impaired vascular function. Purpose: To examine the contribution of sleep quality to ACEs-related impairments in vascular endothelial function in young adults. Methods: We used a cross-sectional cohort study (Study 1) and a single-arm intervention (Study 2) to test our hypothesis. Sleep quality was characterized as sleep effciency (SE%) and calculated as total sleep duration relative to time-in-bed. Vascular endothelial function was assessed using the brachial artery flow mediated dilation technique (FMD). In Study 1, we examined the mediation effect of SE% in the association of ACE exposure with FMD in a cohort of young adults (n=56; age = 25 ± 5 y, BMI = 26 ± 5 kg/m2) using the bootstrapped (1,000 replications) bias-corrected percentile confidence interval method adjusted for sex, and depression and anxiety symptomology. The variance accounted for (VAF) was calculated as the ratio of the indirect effect to total effect β-coeffcients. In Study 2, with a separate sample (n=12; age = 21 ± 2 y, BMI = 23 ± 4 kg/m2) of young adults with high ACE exposure (5 ± 2 ACEs) and poor sleep quality (SE ≤ 90%), we manipulated SE% using 6-weeks of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTi) and measured FMD before (PRE) and after (POST) the intervention. Change in weekly SE% from daily consensus sleep diary entries was analyzed using a one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc comparisons. PRE to POST change in FMD was analyzed with a paired samples t-test. The association between the change (Δ; POST-PRE) in SE% and FMD was examined using a Spearman’s correlation coeffcient (ρ). Results: In Study 1, SE% significantly, partially mediated the association between ACE exposure and FMD (indirect effect standardized β-estimate = -0.11 [95% CI = -0.29 – -0.02]; VAF = 27.4%). In Study 2, there was a treatment effect of CBTi on SE% ( p < 0.001) where SE% improved from baseline to weeks 3, 4, 5, and 6 (weekly improvement range = 8.8 – 10.1%; all p ≤ 0.002). FMD increased PRE to POST (2.85 ± 0.58 to 3.65 ± 1.0 %/SR AUC·104; p = 0.017). There was a moderate, non-significant association between ΔSE% and ΔFMD (ρ = 0.46, p = 0.13). Conclusions: Our findings provide initial evidence that poor sleep quality may contribute to the previously described impairment in vascular endothelial dysfunction observed with increasing ACE exposure in young adults. Funding provided by a grant from the Injury Prevention Research Center through the CDC (R49 CE003095; NDMJ). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Ongoing, Chronic Stress Exposure Is Related to Impaired Vascular Endothelial Function Among Young Adults Irrespective of Subjective Appraisal of Stressor Severity

Introduction: Chronic stress is associated with cardiovascular morbidity independently of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Vascular endothelial function (VEF) is predictive of cardiovascular risk and is reduced in response to transient and chronic psychosocial stress. While dominant stress theories (i.e., differential exposure model) posit that stress exposure explains health disparities, it has also been hypothesized that the subjective experience of these stressors — or stress appraisal — may also influence the effects of stress exposure on health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations of ongoing, chronic stress exposure and stress appraisal on VEF in young adults. Our hypothesis was that ongoing, chronic stress exposure, rather than stress appraisal, would be more strongly and inversely associated with VEF. We further conceptualized that stress appraisal would moderate the association between stress exposure and VEF. Methods: In 64, healthy young adults (75% Female; age = 25 ± 5 y), we assessed cumulative, chronic stress exposure with a measure that quantified ongoing exposure to 8 specific stressors over the last 12 months. For each chronic stress exposure reported, participants rated the perceived stressor severity using a 3-point Likert scale ( 1 = not upsetting, 2 = somewhat upsetting, 3 = very upsetting). The number of stressors was used as the indicator of ongoing, chronic stress exposure, while the average stressor severity was used as the indicator of stress appraisal. We assessed VEF using the brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD) technique normalized to the shear rate stimulus (%·[s1×10−2]) quantified as shear rate area under the curve. Using partial correlations, we examined relations among ongoing, chronic stress exposure and stress appraisal versus VEF, independently of sex. We then conducted an exploratory moderation analysis to assess whether stress appraisal moderated the effect of ongoing, chronic stress exposure on VEF. Results: Ongoing, chronic stress exposure (r=-0.32, p<0.05), but not stress appraisal (r=-0.13, p=0.34) was related to VEF. Further, stress appraisal did not significantly moderate the association between ongoing, chronic stress exposure and VEF (p=0.69). However, the direct effect of ongoing, chronic stress exposure was statistically significant (β = -0.51; p=0.009), whereas the effect of stress appraisal was not (p=0.79), confirming our initial correlation analyses. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that ongoing, chronic stress exposure, rather than the subjective appraisal of this stress, significantly predicts impaired vascular endothelial function among young adults. Thus, our findings provide initial evidence indicating that stressor exposure is suffcient to increase cardiovascular risk independently of the perceived severity of the stressor(s) among young adults. However, the strength of our moderation analysis is limited by sample size, and future larger-scale studies may be necessary to fully understand the degree to which stress appraisal moderates the link between chronic stress and cardiovascular risk. Future studies may also seek to understand how potentially important, modifiable psychological processes influence this relationship, which may also be independent of stress appraisal. Funding provided by a grant from the Injury Prevention Research Center through the CDC (R49 CE003095; NDMJ and EBKT). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Anxiety symptom severity is associated with increased arterial blood pressure and arterial blood pressure variability in apparently healthy young adults

Introduction: Lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders is approximately 30%, and anxiety is associated with an increased susceptibility to develop cardiovascular disease. Anxiety disorders have been linked to hypertension, and autonomic dysfunction has been posited as a contributing factor. However, anxiety symptom severity exists on a continuum, and it is less clear how anxiety severity is associated with blood pressure or beat-to-beat blood pressure variability, a hemodynamic biomarker that reflects dynamic cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that self-reported anxiety symptom severity is positively associated with resting blood pressure and beat-to-beat blood pressure variability among healthy young adults without cardiometabolic disease. Methods: Resting beat-to-beat blood pressure (mmHg; finger plethysmography) and anxiety scores from a self-report anxiety symptom questionnaire (Zung Self-Rated Anxiety Scale, ZSRA) were collected in 53 healthy young adults (40 males, 13 females, age = 25 ± 4 yr, BMI = 25 ± 6 kg/m2). Following 10 minutes of quiet rest, signals were recorded over a 10-minute period with participants in a supine position, and the middle 8 minutes were used for analyses. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the independent relations of ZSRA with systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), SAP standard deviation (SAPSD), DAP standard deviation (DAPSD), and MAP standard deviation (MAPSD) while controlling for age and sex. To further understand whether the observed relations between ZSRA and beat-to-beat blood pressure variability were explained by or independent of elevated absolute arterial pressure, partial correlations (rxy,z) were performed for ZSRA versus SAPSD, DAPSD, and MAPSD while partialling out the effect of SAP, DAP, and MAP, respectively. Results: ZSRA was significantly correlated with SAP (β = 0.34, p = 0.015), MAP (β = 0.32, p = 0.023), SAPSD (β = 0.36, p = 0.008), DAPSD (β = 0.35, p = 0.014), and MAPSD (β = 0.37, p = 0.008). When controlling for SAP, DAP, and MAP, ZSRA was independently associated with SAPSD (rxy,z = 0.34, p = 0.016), DAPSD (rxy,z = 0.35, p = 0.012), and MAPSD (rxy,z = 0.40, p = 0.005). Conclusion: Self-reported anxiety symptom severity is associated with increased blood pressure and beat-to-beat blood pressure variability, which indicates an important relationship between anxiety and blood pressure regulation across a continuum of symptom severity. This study is the first to show a relationship between anxiety and beat-to-beat blood pressure variability, independent of absolute mean blood pressure, among healthy young adults devoid of cardiometabolic disease. Our data build upon and align with previous findings that anxiety symptom severity is associated with increased muscle sympathetic nerve activity among healthy young adults and enhances our understanding of the relationship between anxiety and cardiovascular health, even among apparently healthy individuals. Funding provided by a grant from the Injury Prevention Research Center through the CDC (R49 CE003095; NDMJ). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Trends in Firearm Injury Prevention Research Funding, Clinical Trials, and Publications in the US, 1985-2022

This cross-sectional study examines federal funding, registered clinical trials, and publications to quantify trends in firearm injury prevention research in the US from 1985 to 2022.

Potential of artificial intelligence in injury prevention research and practice

Potential of artificial intelligence in injury prevention research and practice

A new statistical approach to training load and injury risk: separating the acute from the chronic load.

The relationship between recent (acute) training load relative to long-term (chronic) training load may be associated with sports injury risk. We explored the potential for modelling acute and chronic loads separately to address current statistical methodology limitations. We also determined whether there was any evidence of an interaction in the association between acute and chronic training loads and injury risk in football. A men's Qatar Stars League football cohort (1 465 players, 1 977 injuries), where training load was defined as the number of minutes of activity, and a Norwegian elite U-19 football cohort (81 players, 60 injuries), where training load was defined as the session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE). Mixed logistic regression was run with training load on the current day (acute load) and cumulative past training load estimated by distributed lag non-linear models (chronic load) as independent variables. Injury was the outcome. An interaction between acute and chronic training load was modelled. In both football populations, we observed that the risk of injury on the current day for different values of acute training load was highest for players with low chronic load, followed by high and then medium chronic load. The slopes varied substantially between different levels of chronic training load, indicating an interaction. Modelling acute and chronic loads separately in regression models is a suitable statistical approach for analysing the association between relative training load and injury risk in injury prevention research. Sports scientists should also consider the potential for interactions between acute and chronic load.

From data to action: a scoping review of wearable technologies and biomechanical assessments informing injury prevention strategies in sport

BackgroundThe purpose of this scoping review was to evaluate the current use of technologies in sports settings for training adaptation and injury prevention. The review aimed to map the existing literature, identify key concepts and themes, and highlight gaps in research, thus offering guidance for future studies.MethodsThis study followed the guidelines of the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews and a search in four major databases was conducted.ResultsA total of 21 studies were included. The findings highlighted the widespread use of various technologies, including wearable devices and force plates, to monitor athletes’ performance and inform evidence-based decision-making in training and injury prevention. Variables such as Player Load, changes of direction, and acute chronic workload ratio were identified as key metrics in injury prediction.ConclusionsThis review uncovers a dynamic field of research in athlete injury prevention, emphasizing the extensive use of varied technologies. A key finding is the pivotal role of Player Load data, which offers nuanced insights for customizing training loads according to sport-specific demands, player positions, and the physical requirements of various activities. Additionally, the review sheds light on the utility of tools like force plates in assessing fatigue, aiding recovery, and steering injury rehabilitation, particularly in sports prone to knee and ankle injuries. These insights not only enhance our understanding of injury prevention but also provide a strategic direction for future research, aiming to boost athlete safety, performance, and career longevity.

Firearm Injury Prevention Research—Short Courses (NINR)

Firearm Injury Prevention Research—Short Courses (NINR)

Efficacy of Core Strength Exercises in Enhancing Rebound Jump Performance in Martial Arts Athletes

Background and Aim: Core strength exercises have become a focus in sports performance and injury prevention research. The core muscles, which include the diaphragm, abdominal muscles, and pelvic floor muscles, are instrumental in providing stability and power during athletic activities. The study focuses on the impact of core strength exercises on specific performance metrics—namely, the standing long jump and rebound jump—in martial arts athletes. Materials and Methods: The study employs a structured, eight-week intervention program to investigate the effects of core exercises on martial arts athletic performance. The study involves forty student-athletes from Guangzhou Sport University, divided into an Experimental Group (EG) and a Control Group (CG). Various physical tests are conducted both pre- and post-intervention to measure the effects. Statistical analyses, including Two-way ANOVA, are used to interpret the data. Result： For the standing long jump, the Two-way ANOVA showed no significant effect of training (F=1.129, p=0.291) or time point (F=0.587, p=0.446). Effect sizes, measured by Cohen's d, indicate a slight benefit in the core reinforcement group with a value of d=0.425, compared to d=0.111 in the non-reinforcement group. In the case of the rebound jump index, there is a pronounced effect from the group (F=4.92, p=0.03) and the time point (F=105.97, p<0.001). Large effect sizes were observed, with d=2.5522 for the core reinforcement group and d=2.0457 for the no core reinforcement group. Conclusion: For standing Long Jump: Given the absence of a significant impact of core reinforcement on this metric, coaches, and athletes might consider incorporating other methodologies, such as plyometrics or attentional focus strategies, into their training regimen. For the rebound Jump Index: Core reinforcement exercises should be strongly considered for inclusion in warm-up routines for martial arts athletes, given the substantial effect size observed.

Beyond the Boundary: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Published Research on Injuries in Cricket.

Cricket, a sport immensely popular in the Indian subcontinent and Commonwealth countries, boasts a staggering global following of over 1 billion enthusiasts. However, injuries in cricket are prevalent, resulting in detrimental effects on player performance and leading to substantial absenteeism from the game. In recent times, there has been a surge in interest on the epidemiology, biomechanics, and prevention of cricket-related injuries. To gain comprehensive insights into the existing research landscape, we present a bibliometric analysis of the published research on cricket injuries. The Web of Science database was searched using a well-defined search strategy. Original research articles looking at any aspect of injuries in cricket were included. Search results were imported into the R Bibliometrix package for analysis. Analysis of bibliometric parameters included top authors, journals, countries and keywords. Co-occurrence networks were generated and thematic mapping was performed to identify emerging research topics. 423 publications from 126 journals were included. An increasing trend in publications was noted. JW Orchard was the highest published author; Australia was the highest published country and the Journal of Science and Sport in Medicine had the highest number of publications. Fast bowlers were the most extensively researched and the major research was noted to focus on three niche areas, i.e., epidemiology, consensus definitions and spinal issues in fast bowlers. Research on batsmen, wicketkeepers and fielders was relatively sparse. Furthermore, we observed limited representation of research from the Indian subcontinent, despite cricket's immense popularity in the region. Our study findings highlight that majority of the cricket injury research stems from developed countries. The primary research areas include epidemiology, injury prevention, and biomechanics, with a particular focus on fast bowlers. However, much more has to be done to encourage research publications, focused on batsmen, wicketkeeper and fielders, as well as cricket in the developing world. These insights are essential for researchers seeking to delve into cricket-related studies and organizations aiming to advance injury prevention research in cricket.

Injury prevention research to reduce youth-sport related injuries

Injury prevention research to reduce youth-sport related injuries Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of disability in youth (ages 10-19), with >50% sport-related.(1) One in 3 youth will seek medical attention for a sport-related injury and 1 in 10 for a concussion each year.(2) Injury leads to reduced physical activity and increased risk of chronic disease and obesity, which has risen ~20% in the past decade.(3) Prevention is the best medicine, and evidence-informed primary injury prevention solutions can ensure lifelong sport participation and all the associated health benefits. The Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre (SIPRC)at the University of Calgary aims to eliminate injuries and their consequences that prevent youth from lifelong participation in sport.