Injury Prevention Programs For Children Research Articles

Bicycle Injury Prevention Education Using 360° Virtual Reality Experiences of Accidents and Computer-Based Activity.

Injury prevention programs for children and adolescents need to be immersive and interactive. This study assessed a bicycle injury prevention program using technology-based education based on the Activated Health Education model and evaluated its effect on environmental factor awareness and attitude toward helmet-wearing. Using virtual reality technology, elementary and middle school students could experience simulated bicycle accidents. It was followed by an awareness phase that included a 30-min lecture where students self-learned and discussed risk-preventive factors. Students then developed user-created content and customized helmets they were given. We assessed students before the program, immediately afterward, and one month after the program. The number of respondents who said they were aware of surrounding bicycle lanes increased from 75.3% (pre-program) to 92.5% (one month after). Those who said they wore helmets often or always rose from 14.3% (pre-program) to 32.5% (one month later). The number needed to treat helmet-wearing behavior was approximately four, meaning that four people were required to participate in the program to have an impact on one person's helmet-wearing. We found that virtual reality and computer-based activities can help children and adolescents experience bicycle accidents, be aware of risk factors, and change their behaviors responsibly.

Tailoring a Child Injury Prevention Program for Low-Income U.S. Families.

Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death for children in the United States (U.S.), and young children ages (1-4) are particularly at risk. Supervising for Home Safety (SHS) is a Canadian intervention that has been shown to reduce children's injury risk by increasing caregiver supervision. Given that low-income children are at greatest risk for injury, this study describes a process of modifying the SHS program to be culturally appropriate for low-income families of U.S. preschool children. Two rounds of focus groups were completed; feedback from the first round of focus groups was used to modify program materials prior to the second round. Caregivers gleaned important take-away messages from both the original and modified materials, including the idea that injuries can happen quickly and that caregivers can prevent injuries. Modifications to the intervention included increased diversity in the families represented in the videos as well as inclusion of U.S. injury statistics. Caregivers in both rounds of focus groups noted that the program messages were relatable and realistic and that the materials were impactful in increasing their awareness of children's injury risk. We were able to successfully modify the SHS program to be appropriate for low-income U.S. families while preserving the core program messages.

Mobile injury prevention programs for children: a scoping review protocol.

The objective of this review is to examine mobile injury prevention programs for children and their families. Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death worldwide for children aged one to 18years. Providing injury prevention education to children and their families is a necessary and critical element in health promotion. This review will consider studies that include children from birth to 18years of age and their parents or guardians. The concept of this review is mobile or traveling injury prevention education programs for the specified population. Studies conducted in any geographic location or setting that report on how these programs are being utilized, who is providing the education, where education is being provided, who is funding the education, and outcome measures reported with mobile injury prevention programs will be included in the review. This review will follow JBI's guidance for scoping reviews. The key databases to be searched include MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL (EBSCO), the Cochrane Library (Wiley), ERIC (EBSCO), Web of Science (Clarivate), and Embase (Elsevier). The search for unpublished studies will consist of OpenGrey ( www.opengrey.eu ) and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Sciences and Engineering Collection (ProQuest). Studies conducted in English, in any year, will be included. Two independent reviewers will perform title and abstract screening, retrieval and review of full-text studies, and data extraction. The results will be presented in diagrammatic or tabular form that aligns with a narrative summary.

Supplemental Material for Tailoring a Child Injury Prevention Program for Low-Income U.S. Families

Supplemental Material for Tailoring a Child Injury Prevention Program for Low-Income U.S. Families

A Narrative Synthesis of Childhood Injury Prevention Programs for Pre-school Children

Childhood injury is the leading cause of death and ongoing disability worldwide. While a cornerstone of injury prevention is education, current injury surveillance data is insufficiently nuanced to inform judgement of their effectiveness. A subsequent dearth of research evidence in the domain of childhood injury means that debate continues in regard to the most appropriate age or developmental stage of the child, as well as the most effective pedagogical approach. When considered together these issues culminate in programs that risk being inadequately targeted that are unable to justify their success in reducing injury and consequently are not sustainable. This paper reports the outcomes of a narrative synthesis approach to the review of literature in the area if childhood injury prevention programs targeted at pre-school children. Three studies met the inclusion criteria. The included studies were of poor quality and lacked convincing evidence of effectiveness due to the methods of evaluation, which in turn have shown to impact on the overall sustainability of each specific program. This paper culminates in recognition that there is insufficient evidence of the effectiveness of childhood injury prevention programs for pre-school children, requiring further high-quality studies to determine their overall effectiveness and longer-term sustainability.

Mothers\u2019 perception of childhood injuries, child supervision and care practices for children 0\u20135\u2009years in a peri-urban area in Central Uganda; implications for prevention of childhood injuries

BackgroundInjuries are a major concern in childhood. They are especially associated with high morbidity, disability and death in low-income countries. This study aimed at describing mothers’ perceptions, child supervision and care practices for children 0–5 years old and how these influence prevention of childhood injuries among children in peri-urban areas of Wakiso district, Uganda.MethodsIn this qualitative study, 10 in-depth interviews and 4 focus group discussions were held with mothers of children aged 0–5 years living in peri-urban areas of Wakiso district, Uganda. The interviews were audio recorded in the local language (Luganda). The audios were transcribed verbatim and later translated into English. We conducted thematic analysis for transcripts from the focus group discussions and in-depth interviews.ResultsMost respondents considered injuries as inevitable events among children, although, they acknowledged the impact of injuries on children’s health. Close child supervision was highlighted as key in preventing injuries. Hostile situations that place children at increased risk of injuries in this setting include: lack of adult supervision, harsh punishments and lack of safe play areas.ConclusionOur study highlights the different aspects of child care in low resource settings which put children at an increased risk of injuries. Injury prevention programs for children living in low resource settings should thus be aimed towards improving caregivers’ perceptions towards injuries, child supervision, care practices and the children play environment.

A randomized controlled field trial of iBsafe-a novel child safety game app.

Injury is a leading cause of child morbidity and mortality worldwide. Delivering injury prevention programs via mobile platforms, such as applications (apps), may reduce risky behaviors. iBsafe is an "interactive Bike and Bite safety" mobile game app founded in behavioral theory and designed to educate kindergarten-aged children about bicycle and dog-related safety. This study assessed the relationship of iBsafe game play and child safety knowledge and skills; hypothesizing that iBsafe increases safety knowledge with translation to practice. This single-blinded, randomized, controlled field trial included sixty 5-6-year-old children. Parent-child dyads were randomly assigned to receive a weeklong field trial of iBsafe or control. Pre- and post-intervention safety knowledge tests were completed; post-intervention safety skills assessments occurred in a simulated safety lab using real props (i.e., safety street, bicycles, and live dogs). The primary outcome was child bicycle and dog-related safety knowledge and skills performance. Performance was assessed by blinded reviewers. Secondary outcomes included frequency of safety discussion in groups and iBsafe acceptability. Thirty children were randomized to each group; there were no substantial demographic differences between groups. Compared to controls, post-intervention iBsafe children had higher bicycle and dog-related safety knowledge scores (9.2±0.9 vs. 8.7±1.0, P=0.029 and 8.2±2.1 vs. 6.7±1.8, P=0.003, respectively); and they exhibited more safety skills (median number bicycle skills 5 vs. 4, P=0.007; median number dog-related skills 5 vs. 3, P<0.001, respectively). Frequency of safety conversations increased among intervention families during the trial, and iBsafe acceptability was near universal. iBsafe was effective at increasing child safety knowledge and improving safety skills. Child injury prevention programs that embrace interactive mobile platforms may expand reach and possibly decrease injury outcomes.

Hospital Based Study of Poisoning Among Children, 1 to 18 Years of Age in Eastern Nepal

IntroductionThe poisoning among children had been a major cause of hospital admission and also a significant global health problem throughout the world including Nepal. There are various studies suggestive of incidence rate of poisoning in children ranging from 0.74% to 3%. In older children, poisoning is usually intentional where as in infants and younger children it is accidental in nature There are few studies done in Nepal and they are mainly from Kathmandu valley, this study will add more information from eastern region of Nepal.ObjectiveThis study aimed to find out the type of poisoning among children and adolescents, manner of poisoning and its outcomes.MethodologyThis was a retrospective study carried out at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital over a period of one year starting from 1st August 2014 to 31 July 2015. This study included all the children and adolescents of 1 to 18 years of age admitted to pediatric ward and ICU for the management of poisoning. The information including name of poisons, manner of poisoning, socio-economic and demographic factors related to poisoning, geographical distribution of sample population, durations of hospital stay and outcome of treatment were retrieved from the records. The data was analyzed using SPSS. Susceptibility, urinary tract infection, uropathogens.ResultsA total of 64 cases were studied. It included almost the same number of males (n=31) and females (n=33). The age group of 13-18 years had the largest prevalence of poisoning (n=22). Organo-phosphorus (n=25) was the commonest poison. As the study was conducted in a tertiary care center of eastern Nepal located at Biratnagar, Morang district, a majority of the cases (39) were from Morang. A total of 41% children required hospital stay for more than 7 days where as 37% of them required 5-7 days of hospital stay and only 22% children stayed for 1-4 days in the hospital. No mortality was noted.ConclusionThe pediatric poisoning in eastern Nepal is a significant public health issue and nature of poisoning was accidental followed by suicidal. The commonest age group involved is adolescence, which highlights the need for education and implementation of suicidal prevention programming this region. The higher prevalence of accidental poisoning in first two year of life necessitates the need of child safety and injury prevention program in the community. Birat Journal of Health Sciences Vol.2/No.1/Issue 2/ Jan - April 2017, Page: 138-141

Promise and challenges: Interventions for the prevention of unintentional injuries among young children.

Unintentional injury is the leading killer of children in the United States. Children under the age of 5 are at particularly high risk for death from injury. The evidence base for prevention programs in the area of unintentional injury is limited by a lack of rigorous research, inclusion of low-risk participants, and interventions that do not include behavioral skills training. The article presented here will discuss promising injury prevention programs for children below age 5 and will highlight program strengths and weaknesses. Interventions that prevent the leading causes of death among young children will be discussed, including car seat use, safe infant sleep, home hazard reduction, and caregiver supervision.

Severity of child pedestrian injuries due to bonnet‐type‐vehicle collision

The aim of this study was to clarify the pattern of child pedestrian injury, injury severity, and its relation to collision velocity in bonnet-type-vehicle collision. In-depth data were retrospectively collected from the Institute for Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis on pedestrians younger than 13 years old with any bodily injuries from collisions with bonnet-type vehicles between 1993 and 2004. Forty-seven patients from 43 collisions with a mean age of 6.9 ± 2.5 years were included in the study. Injury severity was not significantly different between patients who were hit by the front of the vehicle and those who were hit by the side of the vehicle. In front collisions, impact with the vehicle was associated with significantly higher Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) scores than those for impact with the road, especially for the lower extremities (mean: 1.2 vs 0.2, P < 0.001). Injury severity of the lower extremities and collision velocity were examined. The estimated collision velocity of the vehicle was not significantly different between patients with lower extremity AIS scores of 0 or 1 and those of 2 or 3. Some pediatric pedestrians suffer from collisions with bonnet-type vehicles without lower extremity fractures owing to the characteristics of child pedestrians. Providing injury prevention programs for children in communities and schools, developing active safety devices in the vehicle, and modifying the vehicle body to a pediatric pedestrian-friendly structure may increase pedestrian protection.

Towards a competence-based evaluation framework: The personal growth of volunteers in a child injury prevention program

SummaryIn this study, the researchers created a development-oriented evaluation framework, which provides constructive feedback on the personal growth of volunteers. To assess the process by which a volunteer becomes a competent practitioner, a competence taxonomy with five levels of attainment was adopted.FindingsThe competence of volunteers could be measured by the volunteers' attainments in three areas: degree of commitment, acquisition of knowledge, and utilization of skills. A competence-based evaluation framework of volunteer progress ensures that volunteers receive structured and constructive feedback.ApplicationsThe proposed development-oriented evaluation tool will help keep track of volunteers' progress and encourage the development of personalized strategies according to each volunteer's needs. It will also be informative to the quality improvement of volunteer services.

Preventing unintentional injuries in Indigenous children and youth in Canada

Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death in Canadian Indigenous children and youth, occurring at rates three to four times the national average. Death and disabling injuries not only devastate families and communities but take a heavy toll on health care resources. The lack of statistics, ongoing surveillance or injury prevention programs for Indigenous children and adolescents further compound human and health care costs. Indigenous communities are heterogeneous culturally, in terms of access to resources, and even as to risks and patterns of injury. Yet in general, they are far more likely to be poor, to have substandard housing and to have difficulty accessing health care, factors which increase the risk and impact of injury. There are urgent needs for injury surveillance, research, capacity-building, knowledge dissemination, as well as for injury prevention programs that focus on Indigenous populations. Effective injury prevention would involve multidisciplinary, collaborative and sustainable approaches based on best practices while being culturally and linguistically specific and sensitive.

학령전기 아동 사고위험 지각 측정도구의 타당도 및 신뢰도 검증

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of injury risk perception in preschool children. Method: Employing a methodological research design, data were collected using questionnaires from a sample of 178 child day care center preschooler selected by convenient sampling located at Kwangwon-Do. Descriptive statistics, content analysis, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used in performance of data analysis. Results: Through conduct of validity testing, 27 items were finally selected. The internal consistency was acceptable with a Cronbach's alpha of .66 and a Guttman Split-half coefficient of .70. Conclusion: The injury risk perception scale showed adequate validity and reliability in preschool children. It can be used for assessment of injury risk and for development of injury prevention programs for preschool children.

SP3-22 Child injury prevention in Vietnam: achievements and challenges

IntroductionAs with other South Asian countries, injury is becoming a leading cause of death and morbidity among children in Vietnam. In response, government and non-government agencies in Vietnam have combined...

SP6-62 “PRECISE-a model of community participation in child injury prevention in Bangladesh, implication for other low income country”

IntroductionCommunity participation is an important component of a community based health intervention especially in designing, implementing and sustainability issue. A model of community participation was developed and practiced in child...

Operation of a child injury prevention program in connection with local medical institutes: Safety Doctor

ObjectivesThis program is designed to designate a dedicated doctor for each childcare facility, together with local medical institutes, childcare facilities and the public health centre. It also involves medical institutes...

Managing injury risks for children with disabilities and chronic health conditions: parent perspectives

IntroductionResearch indicates a higher risk of injury for children with certain types of disabilities and chronic health conditions. Parents play a large role in mitigating childhood injury risks, yet there...

Unintentional Childhood Injuries in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Overview of Risk and Protective Factors

The rate of unintentional injuries for children in sub-Saharan Africa has reached 53.1 per 100,000, the highest for regions across all income levels. This paper reviews the relevant literature on the epidemiology of unintentional childhood injuries in the region, with an emphasis on the risk factors associated with it. Several demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental factors contributing to injuries in children have been documented for the main causes of injury. Despite the high burden, child injury prevention and control programs and policies are limited or non-existent in many countries in the region. Accurate data regarding these injuries across and within countries is incomplete. Population-based estimates and investigations into context-specific risk factors, safety attitudes, and behaviours are needed to inform the development of effective interventions.

World report on child injury prevention calls for evidence-based interventions

A summary of the Health Organization's December 2008 World Report on Child Injury Prevention is provided. Child injuries are contextualized and some primary facts provided in an introductory chapter. Five separate chapters follow with information on child injuries' main causes: poisoning, falls, burns, drowning, and road traffic crashes. A summary of the report's main messages concludes the report. A set of recommendations for governments and practitioners to consider in child injury prevention program development is provided.

Home Hazards

To have effective injury prevention programs for children, solid education must be provided. Initially, the parental responsibility includes protecting and instructing the child about dangerous situations. However, when children can recognize a hazard for themselves, this becomes the basis for behavior change according to the health belief model. For trauma centers providing injury prevention services, knowing what a child perceives as a safety issue can be instrumental in correctly targeting curriculum. The following is a compilation of responses of 90 children who participated in a 2008 Home Hazard Recognition Station at a local Safe Kids event.