Injury Prevention Research Articles

Mechanisms and control measures of low temperature storage-induced chilling injury to solanaceous vegetables and fruits

Low temperature storage is widely used for storage and transportation of fruits and vegetables after harvest. As a cold-sensitive fruit vegetable, post-harvest solanaceous vegetables and fruits are susceptible to chilling injury during low temperature storage, which reduces its sensory quality and edible quality and shortens its storage period, thus leading to huge economic losses. Therefore, it is an essential to clarify the occurrence mechanism of chilling injury caused by low temperature storage in solanaceous vegetables and fruits, and to propose corresponding prevention and control measures for chilling injury. In recent years, a series of progress has been made in the research on chilling injury prevention and control and low temperature stress tolerance of solanaceous vegetables and fruits. This paper describes the chilling injury symptoms of postharvest solanaceous vegetables and fruits, clarifies the physiological and biochemical mechanisms in the chilling injury process, the molecular mechanisms, and prevention and control measures, and summarizes the latest research advancements on chilling injury and chilling tolerance regulation of solanaceous vegetables and fruits, which can provide valuable references for low temperature storage and chilling injury prevention and control measures of solanaceous vegetables and fruits.

Impact of strength training on the prevention of orthopedic injuries in sports: a literature review.

Introduction: The perception of physical activity has evolved, influenced by urbanization, media, and public health initiatives. While regular physical activity offers health benefits, musculoskeletal injuries in athletes remain a concern, often going unnoticed due to subtle symptoms. Preventing these injuries is crucial, with strength training (ST) emerging as a strategy to enhance stability and reduce injury risk. Purpose of the Study: This review examines the impact of strength training on preventing orthopedic injuries in athletes, focusing on mechanisms like muscle strengthening, joint stabilization, improved endurance, and correcting imbalances. It evaluates research on ST's effectiveness in preventing knee, ankle, hip, back, and upper limb injuries. Methodology: A comprehensive search of databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, was conducted using keywords such as "strength training," "orthopedic injury prevention," "musculoskeletal stability," "injury risk reduction," and "sports injuries." Results: Strength training plays a key role in preventing sports injuries by enhancing muscle strength, joint stability, and endurance, addressing musculoskeletal weaknesses and imbalances. Studies show ST significantly reduces knee, ankle, hip, and back injuries. For instance, knee injuries are prevented by strengthening the hip abductors and quadriceps, while ankle injuries are mitigated by improving core and lower limb strength. ST also prevents injuries in "overhead sports" by enhancing shoulder stability. Keywords: strength training, orthopedic injury prevention, musculoskeletal stability, sports injuries, injury risk reduction.

Make the Right Call: formative evaluation for a water safety programme for adults in Western Australia

Background: Preventing drowning in adults is a complex, multifaceted injury prevention issue. The adult drowning rate in Australia is continuing to rise. In 2023, more than half of those who drowned were aged over 45 years. While there has been a call for robust, evidence-informed drowning prevention interventions across the life course, evidence of evaluated, drowning prevention programmes for adults is lacking. For more than a decade, drowning prevention researchers and practitioners in Western Australia (WA) have worked in partnership to design and evaluate evidence-informed programmes. This paper describes formative research to develop ‘Make the Right Call’ (MTRC), an adult water safety programme in WA. Methods: A staged, mixed-methods, formative evaluation was undertaken to inform the design of MTRC. Stages: The approach involved cluster analysis of coronial data 2008–2018 ( n = 93), interviews with adults aged 45–64 years ( n = 10) and 65 years and older ( n = 15), theory mapping, survey design, content and face validity testing of a baseline questionnaire with content experts ( n = 11) and a refined instrument to collect knowledge, and data on norms and water-based activity. The subsequent MTRC programme comprised a media campaign, community swimming and safety classes, lifejacket trade-in, subsidised first-aid training and community education. Discussion: The results of each stage informed the design and evaluation of a new evidence-informed and theory-driven drowning prevention programme for adults aged 45 years and older, delivered by the peak drowning prevention agency in WA, Royal Life Saving Western Australia. An investment in mixed-methods research by the partnership added rigour and credibility to the programme and evaluation design. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first adult water safety programme to apply a theory-driven, evidence-informed approach to its development, implementation and evaluation. The partnership was vital in maximising and accelerating the acceptable transfer of results to enhance knowledge creation and, ultimately, the design of the MTRC drowning prevention programme.

PKM PENYULUHAN DAN LATIHAN FISIOTERAPI PADA CEDERA ACL S CEDERA ACL DI SPORT CENTER RS AWAL BROS PEKANBAR)

The community service program titled "PKM: Physiotherapy Counseling and Training on ACL Injuries at Sport Center RS Awal Bros Pekanbaru" aimed to provide education and training for 20 athletes with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. This program included sessions on injury prevention strategies, strengthening exercises, and post-injury rehabilitation techniques to enhance recovery and performance. Each participant received hands-on training from experienced physiotherapists, focusing on safe practices to prevent future injuries and improve mobility. The program's outcomes showed improvements in participants' understanding and ability to perform recommended exercises independently, reflecting the effectiveness of physiotherapy-based interventions in managing ACL injuries.

Fitness and Sports Academy Integration Web Application

In the modern health and fitness landscape, gyms and athletes face unique challenges in managing schedules, tracking workouts, and fostering engagement. Existing systems often lack comprehensive tools to connect gym owners and customers effectively, impeding workout management and client retention. This paper presents a gym management and athlete engagement web application, developed with the MERN stack and leveraging Firebase for real-time data updates. By incorporating features such as personalized workout tracking, feedback systems, and integrated payment processing, this application aims to enhance gym operations and user experience. The research also explores the application of machine learning algorithms for injury prevention and personalized recommendations. Evaluation of the platform demonstrates significant improvements in user engagement, workout tracking, and gym management. This study highlights the potential of technology-driven solutions to address fitness industry challenges, creating scalable systems for gym management, athlete engagement, and personalized fitness plans. In the era of digital fitness, gym users, trainers, and gym owners increasingly rely on technology to track progress, foster community, and manage services. FitConnect aims to bridge this gap by providing a comprehensive fitness networking platform with real-time workout tracking, role-based functionalities, and payment integration. Unlike conventional fitness apps, FitConnect introduces a collaborative ecosystem where users can connect with trainers, join gym sessions, and manage subscriptions efficiently. Leveraging scalable architecture and user-friendly interfaces, this project combines essential fitness tracking with networking capabilities to create an integrated solution for fitness enthusiasts and professionals alike. This paper explores the design, development, and deployment strategies used to create this platform and assesses its impact on improving user engagement, goal tracking, and service management..

Gendered environmental pathways to sports injury: insights from retired athletes in the UK high-performance context

ObjectiveWomen remain at increased risk for some sports injuries, such as anterior cruciate ligament rupture and concussion. This study applied a gendered environmental approach to identify modifiable features of women’s...

Exploring prevalent injuries among tennis players and optimal rehabilitation approaches: A systematic review protocol

Introduction Tennis is a globally popular sport known for its numerous health benefits. However, it also underscores the physical demands and potential injuries associated with high-performance play. This review emphasizes the role of kinetic chains in executing powerful movements and discusses common injuries, particularly in the upper limbs due to the sport’s overhead nature. It highlights the importance of effective rehabilitation methods for swift recovery and long-term performance enhancement in high-performance tennis players. Aims The review aims to investigate the relationship between age, sex, and injury prevalence among high-performance tennis players to inform injury prevention strategies. Methodology This review protocol will provide a description on effective rehabilitation methods to tennis players, aiding coaches, physiotherapists and physicians. Methodologically, this systematic review will develop following the PRISMA guidelines, focusing on articles published between 2011 and 2024, with eligibility criteria specified. Data collection involved screening titles and abstracts, removing duplicates, and assessing full texts for eligibility. Data extraction will include information on authors, publication year, evidence level, participant demographics, injuries, treatments, etc. The GRADE framework will be used for evidence quality assessment, and NIH criteria were applied for study quality assessment. Trial registration Prospero registration number: CRD42023453182.

Comparing road traffic injuries by types of road users among children and adolescents in South Korea, 2011–2021

IntroductionRoad traffic injuries (RTIs) are the leading cause of mortality among children and adolescents. This study aimed to compare clinical characteristics and identify factors associated with severe RTIs based on...

Numerical modeling and analysis of neck injury induced by parachute opening shock.

Neck injuries from parachute opening shock (POS) are a concern in skydiving and military operations. This study employs finite element modeling to simulate POS scenarios and assess cervical spine injury risks. Validated against various conditions, including whiplash, the model replicates head/neck kinematics and soft tissue responses. POS simulations capture body/head motions during parachute deployment, indicating minimal risk of severe neck injuries (Abbreviated Injury Score/AIS ≥ 2) and low risk of soft tissue tears. Vertebral stress analysis during a rougher jump highlights high stress at C5/C6 lamina, indicating fracture risk. Comparative analysis with rear impact scenarios reveals distinct strain patterns, with rear impacts showing higher ligament strain, consistent with higher soft tissue damage risk. Though POS simulations exhibit lower strain values, they emphasize similar neck deformation patterns. The model's capability to accurately simulate head and neck movements during parachute openings provides critical validation for its use in assessing injury risks. The study's findings underline the importance of considering specific loading conditions in injury assessments and contribute to refining safety standards for skydiving and military operations. By highlighting the differences in injury mechanisms between POS and rear impacts, this research offers valuable insights into tailored injury mitigation strategies. The results not only enhance our understanding of neck injury mechanisms but also inform the development of protective gear and safety protocols, ultimately aiding in injury prevention for skydivers and military personnel.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Patterns of Fractures Presenting to Pediatric Emergency Departments.

To examine differences in pediatric fracture prevalence, severity, and mechanisms of injury before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a subanalysis of data from a multicenter, cross-sectional study of all injury-related visits to 40 urban pediatric emergency departments (EDs) for children younger than 18 years occurring January 2019-December 2020. ED visits for injuries including fractures were identified by International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes. Comparative analyses of patient demographics, fracture prevalence, severity, and mechanisms of injury for March 17, 2019, to December 31, 2019 (pre-COVID), versus March 15, 2020, to December 31, 2020 (during COVID), were performed. Fracture-related visits comprised 21.0% (n = 123,684) of all injury visits (n = 589,083) during the study period. There were 16,190 fewer fracture-related visits (-23.2%) in 2020 than 2019. There were differences in the proportion of fracture-related visits by age (P < 0.0001), with increases in children younger than 5 years and decreases in children 5 to 18 years old. There were higher proportions of visits in 2020 among female patients, White children, non-Hispanic children, and those with private insurance (P < 0.0001, respectively). Patients with fractures in 2020 were more severely injured, with higher proportions of hospitalizations (P < 0.0001), intensive care unit admissions (P < 0.0001), deaths (P = 0.007), and higher injury severity scores (P < 0.0001). Fracture mechanisms shifted to more motor vehicle crashes, bicycles, and firearms in 2020 (P < 0.0001). Despite a decrease in fracture-related visits to urban pediatric EDs during the early COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in the proportion of ED visits for children younger than 5 years and higher severity injuries. These findings highlight injury epidemiology pattern shifts that occurred during the pandemic. Identifying higher-risk populations for fracture may help guide targeted education and prevention efforts.

Basketball player motion detection and motion mode analysis based on biomechanical sensors

Basketball player motion detection and analysis are crucial for optimizing performance and preventing injuries. Traditional methods often rely on visual observation and video analysis, lacking precision and real-time feedback. In this study, a unique novel Intelligent Bayesian tuned-augmented Support Vector Machine (IB-ASVM) was proposed for predicting basketball players’ motion modes and performance analysis using the biomechanical sensor data. Advancements in biomechanical sensors such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, and force sensors are deployed into ESP32 to build a player’s wearable gadget. This gadget provides dynamic players with real-time sensing data. Data are transmitted to the cloud via Wi-Fi 7.0 for motion analysis and this model is stimulated using Arduino IDE. The Kalman Filter reduces noise and smoothens sensor data such as acceleration, and angular velocity. Then, the filtered data is employed in the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) to capture time-frequency characteristics of motion signals, making it ideal for extracting relevant features. The featured data are utilized in the ASVM model to classify and detect the motion modes of the basketball players via IB optimization. The Tensor Flow software is used to implement the IB-ASVM model. The result demonstrates that IB-ASVM most accurately predicts the jump shot, layup, dribbling, running, pivoting, passing, free throw, and motion states of the basketball players. The IB-ASVM model accurately classifies basketball motion states using biomechanical sensor data, enhancing performance optimization and injury prevention through precise motion detection.

Injury prevention and rehabilitation strategies in physical education: A machine learning-based approach using biomechanical characteristics

The field of sports biomechanics employs concepts from physics, biology, and engineering to investigate the mechanical characteristics of human motion and how they affect the body’s anatomy and functions. With the development of technology, sports biomechanics has emerged as a crucial component of sports medicine, training, and rehabilitation. To reduce the risk of injury and enhance athletic performance, sports biomechanics examines motions in sports in great length. The purpose of the study is to establish injury prevention and rehabilitation strategies for physical education (PE) teaching based on biomechanical characteristics. The early warning mode of sports injuries is recognized using advanced deep learning (DL) techniques, specifically resilient convolutional neural networks (RCNN). Biomechanical data from wearable sensors is used in this study to find trends related to sports-related injuries. A questionnaire survey of 228 students from various colleges was conducted. Individualized rehabilitation strategies will be provided to injured participants, taking into account their unique biomechanical deficiencies. These programs will be created in conjunction with physical therapists, and they will be updated in response to the patient’s progress toward recovery. The study found that their sports injuries were acute and chronic. This research demonstrated the treatment, prevention, and rehabilitation strategies of injuries in sports. The study emphasizes that biomechanical analysis is crucial for improving PE programs, which will eventually enhance students’ performance and overall health.

Research on the application of scientific training methods in the prevention of muscle injuries in young taekwondo athletes

The Taekwondo project originated in the Korean Peninsula. Since it was introduced to my country in the 1990s, it has attracted the attention of many people because of its high degree of appreciation. Taekwondo, characterized by its combative nature and technical demands, poses inherent sports risks, with research indicating that a significant percentage of athletes’ experience sports injuries during their careers. Therefore, this study selected high-level Taekwondo athletes of S University as the survey object, and analyzed the collected data by using literature data method, questionnaire survey method, interview method and other research methods. Aiming at the injury factors of boxing practitioners’ sports injuries, this research proposes the following related countermeasures: (1) The countermeasures against the practitioners themselves and the physical injury factors are: strengthen the protection or exercise of vulnerable parts; the coaches check the physical condition of the students before class; strengthen physical fitness exercises; improve self-protection awareness and ability. (2) The countermeasures against the factors that cause the practitioner’s emotional and rational emotions include: exert the influence of social relations on the practitioner; eliminate fear, cultivate self-confidence; strengthen the cultivation of will quality and self-will! Relaxation and concentration training. (3) The countermeasures for coaches to prevent exercises from sports injuries include: coaches improve their own technical level and teaching skills; reasonable grouping and training methods; leading students to prepare for activities; controlling sports negatives, and technical exercises step by step. (4) Improve the problems of venue facilities that easily cause sports injuries.

Pre and post diagnostic dementia care in four Scottish prisons

Background and purposeThe number of older people in prisons is increasing across the globe. Many have poor physical and mental health, higher prevalence of head injury, cognitive impairment and dementia than found in community populations. Meeting the complex needs of this vulnerable group has become an increasing concern for prison and prison healthcare services. The aim of this multi method qualitative study was to investigate how men with diagnosed or suspected dementia were identified, assessed, and cared for in Scottish prisons. It also explored the lived experience of individuals being assessed for or diagnosed with dementia within four prisons. The data from twenty nine interviews was thematically analysed and used to collaboratively propose principles for dementia care in prison and present the resultant co-designed care pathway.ResultsAt the time of data collection almost all the men known to have a dementia diagnosis or suspected dementia had complex health and social care needs, and some were living with advanced dementia. Prison healthcare staff reported taking a ‘case by case’ approach to their pre- and post-diagnostic care. Meeting these prisoner’s needs was complicated by the absence of organisational leads for care of older adults or people with dementia and there was no pathway or model in place to guide staff. Prison healthcare teams often had difficulty accessing specialist community services to support diagnosis. There was a lack of dementia education and knowledge about how to provide pre and post diagnostic dementia care in this setting amongst staff. The findings arising from this research have informed the co-production of two important evidence informed innovations namely a Model of Care and a pre- and post-diagnostic Care Pathway.ConclusionThis research adds insights critical to understanding the adequacy of current approaches to meeting dementia related needs within the prison setting. To our knowledge this paper offers the first co-produced evidence informed pre- and post- diagnostic dementia care pathway and model of care for use in prisons. These could serve as tools for change that could enable prison healthcare staff to deliver the right care, at the right time, by the right people, and provide an opportunity to assess risk and plan care for the future.

Youth and Adolescent Athlete Musculoskeletal Health: Dietary and Nutritional Strategies to Optimise Injury Prevention and Support Recovery

Background: Despite the well-documented benefits of exercise and sports participation, young athletes are particularly vulnerable to musculoskeletal injuries. This is especially true during periods of rapid growth, sports specialisation, and high training loads. While injuries are an inevitable aspect of sports participation, the risk can be minimised by promoting the development of strong, resilient tissues through proper nutrition and injury prevention strategies. Moreover, targeted nutrition strategies can accelerate recovery and rehabilitation, allowing for a quicker return to sports participation. Methods: This narrative review synthesises scientific evidence with practical insights to offer comprehensive dietary recommendations aimed at strengthening tissues and supporting the healing process during recovery and rehabilitation. The selection of all sources cited and synthesised in this narrative review were agreed upon by contributing author consensus, experts in sports nutrition (R.A., H.V., B.D.) and exercise and sports medicine (M.H.). Results: Key topics include factors that contribute to injury susceptibility, general dietary recommendations for growth and development, sports nutrition guidelines, and nutrition considerations during injury and rehabilitation. This review also addresses external factors that may lead to suboptimal nutrition, such as food literacy and eating disorders. Conclusions: By highlighting these factors, this article aims to equip coaches, nutritionists, dietitians, athletic trainers, physical therapists, parents/guardians, sporting organisations, and schools with essential knowledge to implement effective nutritional strategies for injury prevention, recovery, and rehabilitation, ultimately enhancing long-term health and athletic performance.

Towards Achilles Tendon Injury Prevention in Athletes with Structural MRI Biomarkers: A Machine Learning Approach.

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have proven their effectiveness in orthopaedic settings, especially in tasks like medical image analysis. This study compares human musculoskeletal radiologists to artificial intelligence in a novel, detailed, short, and cost-effective examination of Achilles tendon magnetic resonance images to uncover potential disparities in their reasoning approaches. Aiming to identify relationships between the structured assessment of the Achilles tendon and its function that could support injury prevention. We examined 72 athletes to investigate the link between Achilles tendon structure, as visualised in magnetic resonance images using a precise T2*-weighted gradient echo sequence with very short echo times, and its functional attributes. The acquired data were analysed using advanced artificial intelligence techniques and reviewed by radiologists. Additionally, we conducted statistical assessments to explore relationships with functional studies in four meaningful groups: dynamic strength, range of motion, muscle torque and stabilography. The results show notable linear or non-linear relationships between functional indicators and structural alterations (maximal obtained Spearman correlation coefficients ranged from 0.3 to 0.36 for radiological assessment and from 0.33 to 0.49 for artificial intelligence assessment, while maximal normalised mutual information ranged from 0.52 to 0.57 for radiological assessment and from 0.42 to 0.6 for artificial intelligence assessment). Moreover, when artificial intelligence-based magnetic resonance assessment was utilised as an input, the associations consistently proved more robust, or the count of significant relationships surpassed that derived from radiological assessment. Ultimately, utilising only structural parameters as inputs enabled us to explain up to 59% of the variance within specific functional groups. This analysis revealed that structural parameters influence four key functional aspects related to the Achilles tendon. Furthermore, we found that relying solely on subjective radiologist opinions limited our ability to reason effectively, in contrast to the structured artificial intelligence assessment. Cross-sectional studies.

Biophysics of ACL injuries

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries rank among the most prevalent and severe types of injuries, significantly impacting both athletes and non-athletes alike. These injuries not only result in immediate physical impairment, such as intense pain, substantial swelling, and a marked loss of mobility, but also carry long-term health consequences that can alter a person’s quality of life. Chronic pain, persistent instability, and an increased risk of developing osteoarthritis are among the lasting effects that can follow an ACL injury. An in-depth understanding of the biophysics behind ACL injuries is paramount for devising effective prevention and treatment protocols. Biophysics, which combines principles from physics with biological systems, provides crucial insights into the mechanical and structural integrity of the ACL and its susceptibility to injury under various conditions. This systematic review aims to collate and synthesize the current knowledge surrounding the biophysical mechanisms that underlie ACL injuries. The review encompasses a range of factors, including the biomechanical forces that place stress on the ligament, anatomical structures that may predispose individuals to injury, and physiological conditions that affect ligament health and resilience. Each of these factors plays a crucial role in the incidence and severity of ACL injuries. Biomechanical forces, for example, can involve sudden changes in direction or impact during physical activity, leading to excessive stress on the ACL. Anatomical factors might include variations in bone structure or ligament alignment that inherently increase the risk of injury. Additionally, physiological conditions such as muscle strength, flexibility, and overall ligament health can influence the likelihood and extent of an ACL injury. The findings of this review underscore the necessity of adopting integrated approaches in both injury prevention and rehabilitation. Such approaches must consider the multifaceted nature of ACL injuries, involving not only mechanical and anatomical aspects but also physiological and possibly even genetic factors. By emphasizing a multi-faceted understanding, interventions can be more effectively tailored to address the complex interplay of elements that contribute to ACL injuries. This holistic approach can lead to better outcomes for those at risk of or recovering from ACL injuries, enhancing the efficacy of prevention strategies and rehabilitation protocols.

Assessment of trunk and shoulder muscle asymmetries during two-armed kettlebell swings: implications for training optimization and injury prevention

IntroductionGreater side-to-side asymmetry can indicate impaired skill, reduced power production, and an increased risk of injury. Bilateral differences highlight the presence of asymmetries that should be assessed to understand their impact on both injury risk and performance enhancement.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assessment muscle activation and bilateral asymmetry in major trunk and shoulder muscles during a two-armed kettlebell swing exercise.MethodsTwenty-seven participants (age: 24.2 ± 2.6 years; body mass: 82.9 ± 7.7 kg; height: 176.9 ± 7.0 cm) were included in the study. Electromyographic (EMG) data were collected bilaterally from twelve muscles (six muscles per side: anterior deltoid [AD], posterior deltoid [PD], erector spinae longissimus [ESL], erector spinae iliocostalis [ESI], external oblique [EO], and rectus abdominis [RA]).ResultsResults indicated that asymmetry indices for the AD, ESL, ESI, and RA muscles during the upward propulsion phase fell within the determined threshold of 15%. However, the asymmetry indices for the PD and EO muscles exceeded this threshold by 3.36% and 2.62%, respectively. The findings suggest that trunk muscle asymmetries during the kettlebell swing are generally less pronounced than those of the shoulder muscles, particularly during the float phase.ConclusionThese results provide valuable insights into bilateral muscle asymmetry during a two-armed kettlebell swing, which can inform the development of targeted training programs. The methods and findings of this study may further contribute to understanding the effects of muscle balance, symmetry, and injury mechanisms in dynamic movements.

The Genetic Basis of Non-Contact Soft Tissue Injuries-Are There Practical Applications of Genetic Knowledge?

Physical activity increases the risk of non-contact injuries, mainly affecting muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Genetic factors are recognized as contributing to susceptibility to different types of soft tissue injuries, making this broad condition a complicated multifactorial entity. Understanding genetic predisposition seems to offer the potential for personalized injury prevention and improved recovery strategies. The candidate gene analysis approach used so far, has often yielded inconclusive results. This manuscript reviews the most commonly studied genetic variants in genes involved in the musculoskeletal system’s structure and recovery processes (ACTN3, ACE, CKM, MLCK, AMPD1, IGF2, IL6, TNFα, CCL2, COL1A1, COL5A1, MMP3, and TNC). Referring to the literature, it was highlighted that single-gene analyses provide limited insight. On the other hand, novel genetic testing methods identify numerous variants of uncertain physiological relevance. Distinguishing between functionally important variants, modifying variants, and the thousands of irrelevant variants requires advanced bioinformatics methods and basic multiomics research to identify the key biological pathways contributing to injury susceptibility. Tools like the Total Genotype Score (TGS) and Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) offer a more holistic view by assessing the combined effect of multiple variants. However, these methods, while useful in research, lack clinical applicability. In conclusion, it is too early to determine the clinical implications of genetic variability as a tool for improving well-established training and injury prevention methods, as the predictive power of genetic testing for injury predisposition is currently low.

Association of self-reported health problems and interpersonal violence in sport: a cross-sectional study in world-level performing athletes

ObjectivesA paucity of studies assesses the intersection of physical health (injury and illness), mental health and experiences of interpersonal violence (IV, also known as harassment and abuse) in sport. The...