Sports Injuries Research Articles

Bioelectrical stimulation therapy for muscle injuries in aerobics athletes

This article aims to explore the recovery effect of the bioelectrical stimulation therapy on muscle injuries in aerobics athletes. Non-invasive medical techniques are adopted to activate muscle tissue through electrical currents, promoting muscle contraction ability and functional recovery. This article selects 100 aerobics athletes with muscle injuries through questionnaire surveys and interviews. The Modulo Plus electrical stimulation device is used, and personalized treatment plans are set. Muscle changes before and after treatment are monitored using electromyography and ultrasound technology. In the single-blind experiment, in the fourth week, the pain score of the experimental group decreases to 2.4 points; the functional recovery score increases to 75.2 points; the flexibility measurement reaches 19.2 cm. In the case-control study, the bioelectrical stimulation therapy cures all athletes in the sixth week, exceeding the conventional therapy’s 35 patients, and has a lower recurrence rate. In the cohort study, athletes who use the bioelectrical stimulation therapy for a long time have a shorter average recovery time of 15.3 days and a recurrence rate of 16%. In the muscle recovery experiment, in the eighth week after treatment, the electromyographic activity level of the experimental group increases to 58.6 μV; the muscle thickness increases to 4.3 mm; the echo intensity increases to 63.1 dB; the fatigue characteristic score drops to 2.1. These data indicate that the bioelectrical stimulation therapy has significant effects in reducing pain, promoting functional recovery, improving flexibility, shortening recovery time, and reducing recurrence rates and pain scores, thereby providing an effective treatment option for the recovery of muscle injuries in aerobics athletes.

A longitudinal analysis of psychological, physiological, and rehabilitation outcomes in basketball players following acute sports injuries

This cross-sectional study examines psychological behavior, biological factors, and rehabilitation treatment concerning acute sports injuries involving basketball players. Psychological trauma is also prevalent whereby athletes develop anxiety, depression and or fear that slow down their healing process and inability. The present study is a naturalistic cohort design where 50 basketball players with an injury completing self-report measures such as DASS-21 (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale) and biological markers, cortisol level at monthly intervals for 12 months. Qualitative data in the form of interviews conducted after treatment, or quantitative data from neuropsychological examinations, are employed to determine therapeutic impacts of CBT and/or specified individual rehabilitation plans in changing psychological effects, regain biological functions, and the speed of physical rehabilitation. Current data analyzed evidence lower level of stress, cortisol, beneficial shifts in cardiovascular, respiratory patterns, and aspects of rehabilitation outcomes in the player receiving both psychological and physical-motor interventions in comparison to the group receiving only physical-motor treatment. Based on the developed arguments it can be seen that the mental health and the biological issues also matter thus boosting the believably of better rehabilitation for athletes.

Research on the application of scientific training methods in the prevention of muscle injuries in young taekwondo athletes

The Taekwondo project originated in the Korean Peninsula. Since it was introduced to my country in the 1990s, it has attracted the attention of many people because of its high degree of appreciation. Taekwondo, characterized by its combative nature and technical demands, poses inherent sports risks, with research indicating that a significant percentage of athletes’ experience sports injuries during their careers. Therefore, this study selected high-level Taekwondo athletes of S University as the survey object, and analyzed the collected data by using literature data method, questionnaire survey method, interview method and other research methods. Aiming at the injury factors of boxing practitioners’ sports injuries, this research proposes the following related countermeasures: (1) The countermeasures against the practitioners themselves and the physical injury factors are: strengthen the protection or exercise of vulnerable parts; the coaches check the physical condition of the students before class; strengthen physical fitness exercises; improve self-protection awareness and ability. (2) The countermeasures against the factors that cause the practitioner’s emotional and rational emotions include: exert the influence of social relations on the practitioner; eliminate fear, cultivate self-confidence; strengthen the cultivation of will quality and self-will! Relaxation and concentration training. (3) The countermeasures for coaches to prevent exercises from sports injuries include: coaches improve their own technical level and teaching skills; reasonable grouping and training methods; leading students to prepare for activities; controlling sports negatives, and technical exercises step by step. (4) Improve the problems of venue facilities that easily cause sports injuries.

Injury prevention and rehabilitation strategies in physical education: A machine learning-based approach using biomechanical characteristics

The field of sports biomechanics employs concepts from physics, biology, and engineering to investigate the mechanical characteristics of human motion and how they affect the body’s anatomy and functions. With the development of technology, sports biomechanics has emerged as a crucial component of sports medicine, training, and rehabilitation. To reduce the risk of injury and enhance athletic performance, sports biomechanics examines motions in sports in great length. The purpose of the study is to establish injury prevention and rehabilitation strategies for physical education (PE) teaching based on biomechanical characteristics. The early warning mode of sports injuries is recognized using advanced deep learning (DL) techniques, specifically resilient convolutional neural networks (RCNN). Biomechanical data from wearable sensors is used in this study to find trends related to sports-related injuries. A questionnaire survey of 228 students from various colleges was conducted. Individualized rehabilitation strategies will be provided to injured participants, taking into account their unique biomechanical deficiencies. These programs will be created in conjunction with physical therapists, and they will be updated in response to the patient’s progress toward recovery. The study found that their sports injuries were acute and chronic. This research demonstrated the treatment, prevention, and rehabilitation strategies of injuries in sports. The study emphasizes that biomechanical analysis is crucial for improving PE programs, which will eventually enhance students’ performance and overall health.

Intelligent rehabilitation assistant: Application of deep learning methods in sports injury recovery

In recent years, sports injury rehabilitation has developed into a specialized field that has forced the combination of an orthopedic surgeon, sports physiotherapist, and sports physician. Determining the appropriate time for an injured athlete to resume practice or competition is regarded as sports rehabilitation. Discovering the best solutions to avoid injuries, maximize recovery, and enhance performance is crucial for sports activities. The study introduced an intelligent rehabilitation assistant (IRA) that leverages advanced deep learning (DL) methods to enhance sports injury recovery. In this study, the IRA incorporates redefined prairie dog optimized bidirectional long-short-term memory (RPDO-Bi-LSTM) to enhance accuracy, predicting sports injury recovery. The study collected data on the state of rehabilitation, physiological parameters, and general health using wearable sensors and movement patterns. The data was preprocessed using a median filter to remove noise from sensor data. Region-based segmentation using segmented images from preprocessed data. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) using extracted features from obtained data. The IRA provides personalized recovery plans and real-time feedback. The framework consists of the components, suggested models to create quality scores for motions, measurements to quantify motion performance, and scoring of performance measurement elements into numerical quality scores. The proposed method is implemented using Python software. RPDO-Bi-LSTM presentation is evaluated by various metrics, such as accuracy 94.2% recall 98.2%, precision 96.5%, and specificity 95.2%, f1 score 95.6%, he planned technique attained good performance and improved the accuracy of sports injury recovery.

A study on Modeling and Simulation of Sports Training Injury Optimization from a Biomechanical Perspective

With the development of artificial intelligence technology today, sports training is one of the important ways to keep people healthy. Reasonable sports training can keep people happy, and can also improve the physical quality of athletes. However, because the intensity of sports training is greater than the physical endurance, it may lead to physical injury. The sports training injury model can collect the physical data of athletes, and simulate whether the actions that athletes want to practice are standard and correct through the collected data. If there are errors in the simulated exercise actions, the wrong exercise actions can be corrected in time, so as to reduce the incidence of sports injury accidents. The construction of the experimental model and the calculation and analysis process of the construction data are very complex, and the existing simulation models are difficult to achieve this, which has a significant impact on the subsequent development of the simulation model. In view of this phenomenon, this paper, on the basis of the sports training injury model, combined with the neural network method, conducted an effective research on the construction of the sports training injury model, and inspected the performance of the model by testing the accuracy of the evaluation of the injury risk level, the degree of sports training injury, and the accuracy of the evaluation of the prediction results of the sports training injury model. The experimental data shows that the maximum accuracy of the sports training injury model in the horizontal and vertical directions was 94.43% and 95.26% respectively, and the maximum accuracy of the single injury degree and the composite injury degree was 48.68% and 55.01% respectively, which had high accuracy and operational efficiency, and can effectively avoid the occurrence of training injury.

Characteristics, Relationships, and Differences in Muscle Activity and Impact Load Attenuation During Tennis Forehand Stroke with Different Grips

In forehand strokes with different grips in tennis, the forearm muscle activities, the distribution and attenuation of the impact loads, and the effects of the muscles on the impact load attenuation exhibited different characteristics. This study aimed to explore these characteristics by analyzing electromyography (EMG) and acceleration data, and comparing the differences between the Eastern and Western grips. Fourteen level II or above tennis players (ten males, aged 22.4 ± 3.6 years; four females, aged 19.8 ± 2.0 years) were recruited and instructed to perform forehand strokes using the Eastern and Western grips, respectively. The EMG of eight forearm muscles and the acceleration data at the ulnar and radial sides of the wrist and elbow were collected. The root mean square (RMS), the peaks of the impact load, the amplitude of impact load attenuation (AC), and the jerk value (Jerk) were calculated. The cross-correlation coefficients and time delays of EMG–EMG, EMG–AC, and EMG–jerk were obtained using the cross-correlation method. The results showed that in the Eastern grip group (group E), the RMS of the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) was significantly greater than that in the Western grip group (group W). In group E, the peaks of impact load, AC, and Jerk on the Y axis of the wrist ulnar side were all significantly higher than those in group W. The activity of the extensor digitorum commonis (EDC) had significantly different effects on the amplitude and rate of impact load attenuation at specific locations in different grips, especially at the elbow (p < 0.05). The conclusion indicated that the FCU exhibited higher levels of EMG activity in the Eastern grip. This grip responded to greater impact loads with more substantial and rapid attenuation on the wrist ulnar side. Furthermore, the EDC appeared to contribute more to the amplitude of impact load attenuation in the Western grip and to have a more significant influence on the rate of impact load attenuation in the Eastern grip, especially at the elbow. These results suggest that tennis players and coaches should pay more attention to improving the strength of the EDC and FCU, which can improve sports performance and comfort, as well as prevent sports injuries.

Wearable device data-driven athlete injury detection and rehabilitation monitoring algorithm

In recent years, sports wearable technology has completely changed the way athletes prepare, compete, and recover. Wearable technology has a lot to offer in the rehabilitation process, which is essential to an athlete’s return to their best performance. Wearable devices for athlete injury detection pose potential challenges like data quality, security, and privacy, impacting accuracy, reliability, and effectiveness. To solve these problems, an innovative injury detection and rehabilitation monitoring (IDRM) system was proposed for athletes. By employing an adjustable recurrent neural network (ARNN) to detect anomalies in injury risks such as abnormal joint movements in athletes. In this study, biomechanics data was collected from sports athletes through wearable devices, and the wearable system provided feedback to the user. A redefined convolutional neural network (RCNN) was utilized to monitor the rehabilitation process. This system tracks athlete’s rehabilitation progress and ensures that progress monitors were performed correctly, and the system, feasibility was evaluated on 10 healthy subjects performing 4 different rehabilitation exercises. Each exercise was performed four times monitoring and validation. The data was preprocessed using a Gaussian filter to remove noise from the obtained data. Then the features are extracted using independent component analysis (ICA) for dimensionality reduction from preprocessed data. The proposed method is implemented using Python software. In comparative analysis, the performance of ARNN showed high performance, with an F1-measure of 91.6%, accuracy of 93.5%, recall of 92.8%, and precision of 91.4%. With a 95% accuracy rate, 98% F1 measure, 94% precision, and 93% recall, the RCNN model functioned effectively. The result showed the proposed method achieved better performance in athlete injury detection and accurately recognizing all rehabilitation monitoring. This study provides a complete approach to athlete health management by highlighting the integration of rehabilitation monitoring and injury detection into an overall structure.

Relief and improvement of traditional Chinese medicine combined with exercise therapy in sports dance sports injury disorder from a biomechanical perspective

Among all kinds of sports, competitive sports with graceful movements as the main content are deeply loved by athletes. However, in the practice of sports dance, due to insufficient skills, incorrect movements, inattention and other factors, it is easy to cause sports injuries, which affects the effect of sports dance teaching. Therefore, the research and application of the alleviation and improvement of sports injury disorders are becoming more and more important. Although there are many researches and applied studies on the mitigation and improvement of sports injury disorders in sports dance, the existing research still needs to be supplemented. In this paper, a combination of traditional Chinese medicine and exercise therapy has been discussed. First, the relevant theoretical overview and related work were organized, and the sports dance movement was introduced. Then, based on the modeling of sports injury disorder, related algorithms were written, and the elements of mitigation and improvement of sports injury disorder, sports injury elements of sports dance, and elements of traditional Chinese medicine combined with exercise therapy were introduced. In the fourth part, a study on the improvement of alleviation and improvement of sports injury disorder in sports dance was carried out. In this paper, various algorithms were used to study the topic of Chinese medicine combined with exercise therapy in the mitigation and improvement of sports dance injury disorders, and the experiments were summarized and discussed. The results of the study showed that the mitigation improvement and application study of sports injury impairment in sports dance constructed in this paper can reduce the incidence of sports injury by 4.62%.

The advance of research on rhythmic gymnastics

This study conducted a systematic review of the existing literature on rhythmic gymnastics. Through searching databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, 37 out of 2319 articles were selected, covering training and physical fitness, nutrition and metabolism, as well as sports injuries and rehabilitation. The findings revealed that: (1) Core physical training significantly enhanced athletes’ performance; (2) Inadequate nutritional intake was prevalent; (3) The incidence of sports injuries was high, particularly those resulting from overtraining. The conclusion emphasizes the need to enhance strength training, optimize nutritional management, and further investigate injury prevention and rehabilitation measures to enhance athletes’ performance and health status.

Research on the prevention of joint and muscle injuries in competitive sports by scientific sports—Table tennis as an example

Table tennis is the most popular sport among all people, which damages every joints of the body to a certain extent, and is an example of scientific sports analysis and popularization. Analyzing the causes of joint and muscle injuries in table tennis and seeking effective preventive measures can not only reduce the incidence of sports injuries, but also ensure that athletes keep a high level of competitive state in high-intensity and long-term training and competition to a certain extent, and prolong their sports life. From two aspects of traditional sports injury prevention measures and the design of a multi-data fusion management rehabilitation robot, the prevention of muscle injury in competitive sports has been studied in depth.

Association of self-reported health problems and interpersonal violence in sport: a cross-sectional study in world-level performing athletes

ObjectivesA paucity of studies assesses the intersection of physical health (injury and illness), mental health and experiences of interpersonal violence (IV, also known as harassment and abuse) in sport. The...

Protocol for scoping review: Mapping the landscape of acute pain management in sports-related musculoskeletal injuries.

Acute pain management is critical in sports-related musculoskeletal injuries to facilitate recovery and minimize long-term impact. While current practices vary, incorporating both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, the quality and breadth of existing evidence have not been thoroughly assessed. This scoping review aims to explore the clinical role of different pain management strategies and provide a comprehensive overview of the field. The review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews and adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Searches will be conducted in major peer-reviewed databases and relevant gray literature. Studies involving athletes of any level undergoing treatment for acute musculoskeletal injuries will be considered. Data extraction will include study and participant characteristics, intervention details, reported outcomes, efficacy comparisons, and economic analyses. This review will provide a descriptive synthesis of the data, utilizing statistical analysis, figures, and tables where relevant to introduce the different treatment modalities. In line with PRISMA-P and PRISMA-ScR guidelines, this scoping review incorporates studies of diverse designs. The data synthesis involves descriptive statistics and narrative presentations, aimed at exploring the relationship between study results and research objectives. This scoping review will evaluate various pain management interventions for acute musculoskeletal injuries in sports, mapping the current evidence and identifying gaps in research. The findings will help inform clinical practices and guide future research efforts to optimize pain management strategies in sports medicine.

Finite-element simulation of functional knee sleeves based on three-dimensional modeling of the knee joint

Knee sleeves are one of the most satisfying and widely used items of protective equipment for sports enthusiasts. Achieving an effective balance between functionality and comfort is a key factor in the design of knee sleeves. However, there are still some problems with the knee protection products currently on the market, such as poor thermal and moisture comfort, difficulty in putting on and taking off, slippage during doing sports, and the lack of a timely and effective feedback mechanism that cannot guide the user to actively adjust their movement posture to avoid sports injuries. To improve the function and pressure comfort of the human body after wearing knee sleeves, this study took the knee joint as the research object, established a three-dimensional knee joint model through computed tomography (CT) scanning and Mimics software, and then built a finite-element model under the contact state between the human body and pressure clothing on this basis. Moreover, ABAQUS was used for finite-element simulation to obtain the pressure and displacement distribution of knee joints after wearing knee sleeves. In order to further investigate the stress state and deformation trend of knee joint after wearing knee sleeves, each section of the human body at the knee joint was divided into four regions according to the angle, and the functional relationship between pressure and displacement was obtained by curve fitting. This study has significance for the investigation of the pressure comfort threshold of knee sleeves and the optimization of the design of functional knee sleeves.

Relationships Between Functional Movement Quality and Sports Performance in Elite Figure Skating Athletes of China.

Zhitao, L, Junlong, D, Rui, Y, Leijiao, Y, Cheng, G, and Jun, Y. Relationships between functional movement quality and sports performance in elite figure skating athletes of China. J Strength Cond Res 38(11): e678-e685, 2024-This study aimed to determine the optimal functional movement screen (FMS) cut score for assessing the risk of sports injuries and to explore the correlations between functional movement quality and sports performance among elite figure skaters. A total of 22 elite figure pairs skaters in China underwent FMS, sports performance, and clinical examinations for sports injuries. The FMS cut score was determined using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Pearson's rank correlation analysis was used to quantify associations between the variables. (a) The optimal FMS cut score for assessing the risk of sports injuries was 13 (p = 0.008), with an area under curve of 0.838. The sensitivity and specificity were 0.889 and 0.692, respectively. (b) The trunk stability push-up (TSPU), an individual FMS test, predicted injuries in figure skaters (p = 0.015). (c) Moderate correlations were found between shoulder mobility and bench strength (r = -0.453, p = 0.034), counter movement jump (r = -0.582, p = 0.007), and 30-m sprint (r = 0.567, p = 0.009). A strong correlation was observed with squat jump (r = -0.774, p = 0.001). In addition, TSPU scores moderately correlated with 30-m sprint times (r = -0.511, p = 0.021) and 30-s average anaerobic power (r = 0.503, p = 0.024). These findings indicate that both the FMS total score ≤13 and the FMS individual score serve as indicators of injury risk in figure skaters. However, only the FMS individual score reflected the sports performance. This likely results from the similarity in kinetic chain systems and movement patterns involved in both the FMS individual test and sports performance, suggesting a promising assessment strategy for sports performance.

Ankle injury due to supination trauma: Potential factors worsening patient outcome

PurposeSupination trauma is a common sports injury, and often leads to chronic ankle instability. This study analyses whether indications of healing can be detected 2 weeks after supination trauma. MethodsThis prospective, monocentric study at a German Medical Center examined patients with acute supination trauma. Only patients with severity levels 2-3 were included in the study, and were advised to wear an orthosis for 5 weeks starting in the emergency room. The follow-up period was two weeks after trauma (follow-up examination 1/FE1: swelling of the ankle joint, tenderness over the lateral ligament complex and the syndesmosis, questionnaire). Nine months after injury (follow-up examination 2/FE2), these patients were interviewed by telephone using a questionnaire surveying current complaints in everyday life, sports, and work, as well as the general healing process. ResultsForty-one patients aged 35.1 years (±10.5) were included in the study. The presence of hematoma two weeks post-injury (n=6) correlated significantly with inability to work (p=0.02). Calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) tenderness was seen in 36 patients, posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL) tenderness in 29 patients, and syndesmosis tenderness in 9 patients. All patients who reported pressure pain at the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) at FE1 were significantly more likely to experience feelings of instability at FE2 (p=0.011). All patients who reported instability at FE1 had significantly greater problems climbing stairs at FE2 (p=0.003). All patients with hematoma and instability two weeks post-injury had a persistent feeling of instability at FE2. Patients with hematoma and pressure pain at the ATFL at FE1 had persistent pain through FE2. ConclusionsPersistent hematoma, pressure pain at the ATFL or feelings of instability two weeks after ankle sprain increase the likelihood of symptoms persisting for up to nine months post-injury. Physicians and patients should be well informed about the treatment guidelines and not underestimate this injury. In general, further studies are necessary to clarify why acute ankle sprains often lead to persistent complaints.

Functional outcomes of tension band wiring versus hook plating in displaced, closed, and isolated distal clavicle fractures in adults: a comparative retrospective study

Introduction: Clavicle fractures are common among young people, generally as a consequence of car accidents, bike falls, and contact sports injuries. 15–20% of all clavicle fractures involve the lateral end of the bone. Thus, the distal clavicle fractures, in particular, have a high non-union rate ranging from 21 to 33% when treated non-operatively, underscoring the usual advice for operative treatment. While significant research has been conducted on clavicle fractures and their treatment options, no definitive guidelines or optimal approaches have been established. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the clinical and radiological results of the two highly used surgical techniques, Tension Band Wiring (TBW) and Hook plate ones, in addition to investigating the associated functional recovery and outcomes. Methods: Between August 2019 and 2022, An analytical retrospective comparative study, was done on 38 patients (20 TBW and 18 Hook plate) diagnosed with unstable fracture of the lateral third of clavicle (Neer 2), aged between 18 and 65 years old, and followed up for more than 12 months. Results: TBW technique was used in 20 patients (14 males and 6 females) with mean age 39.25 years and Hook plate was used in 18 patients (14 males,4 females) with mean age of 43.11 years. The union rate was 100% in Hook plate group and 95% in TBW group. The mean time of bony union to occur was (9.55) weeks in TBW group and (8.94) weeks in Hook plate group. The mean of constant–Murley score in the last follow-up was 85.32 in the TBW group and 87.38 in the Hook plate group. superficial infection occurred in 3 cases in TBW group (15%). Four patients complained of impingement, three patients complained of acromial erosion and one patient complained of acromial osteolysis in the Hook plate group. Conclusion: Both TBW and Hook plate are a good choice for the fixation of displaced distal clavicle fractures with good functional and radiological outcomes, where Hook plate have some advantages such as rigid fixation and early motion of the affected shoulder.

The Characteristics of Sports Injuries in Adolescent Athletes according to Sports Specialization: A Preliminary Study

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of sports injuries in adolescent athletes according to sports specialization.METHODS One hundred and seventeen adolescent athletes including soccer, swimming, artery, weightlifting, modern pentathlon, and softball were recruited for this study, and a 12 questionnaire related to sports injuries was surveyed and analyzed.RESULTS The longer the period of sports specialization, the more frequent the number of sports injuries. Most sports injuries occur in the afternoon, but some adolescent athletes with long careers have had injuries in the early morning. Adolescent athletes with less than 3 years of careers had the highest incidence of sports injuries during match(52%), while those with 3 to 5 years (55%) of careers and more than 5 years (73%) of careers had the highest incidence of injuries during training. The main causes of sports injuries for athletes with less than 3 years of careers were poor skill (27%), overuse (25%), and lack of warm-up (23%). For adolescent athletes with 3 to 5 years of careers, the main causes were poor skill (31%), lack of warm-up (19%), and overuse(16%). 5 years or more of careers, the main causes were poor skill (35%), overuse (24%), and lack of warm-up (19%).CONCLUSIONS Adolescent athletes who are exposed to sports specialization early may be exposed to sports injuries due to intensive training, overuse, and poor skill according to the characteristics of the sport. Therefore, managers such as coaches and athletic trainers need to create a training environment to prevent sports injuries due to sports specialization of adolescent athletes.

Correlation between functional tests and biomarker in return to sport tests of athletes with injuries to the knee region

A sports injury is a condition where damage occurs to the body tissue caused by sports activities. Data in the United States shows a high incidence rate of sports injuries which reaches 1.5 million per year, with half being serious injuries. Injuries to the lower limbs can generally lead to decreased performance, often preventing athletes from continuing as professionals. The Sports Physiotherapist is responsible for aiding recovery and improving the athlete’s performance so that they can return to their sport. Assessing an athlete’s ability to return to sport (RTS) requires tests that can predict their ability after injury. There is currently no consensus from the literature on the decision to return to sport given the lack of standardization and objective criteria. This research is a quantitative descriptive research in the form of a correlation study to analyze the relationship between the functional test model and the bilogical test of the success of the post-injury sports therapy program. Bivariate analysis shows that that the sit and reach test, and the hexagonal test are correlated with TGF Beta 1 results. Where the value r = 0,194 p = 0,160 yng means that there is no meaningful relationship between the Single Leg stance and the Beta 1 TGF.

Exploring Machine Learning Applications in Sports Injury Prediction Analysis

Abstract: Injuries, particularly those resulting from repetitive strain on the body, pose a significant challenge in athletics, where prevention has traditionally relied on historical data and human expertise. Existing methods for injury prevention have struggled to achieve higher precision in practice. However, technological advancements now enable artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to emerge as promising tools for enhancing both injury mitigation and rehabilitation strategies. This article provides a detailed overview of recent ML advances applied to sports injury prediction and prevention. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed/Medline, IEEE/IET, and Science Direct, with additional resources from Ovid Discovery and Google Scholar, including a grey literature search. Focus was placed on studies published between 2017 and 2022, examining algorithms including K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), K-means, decision trees, random forest, gradient boosting, AdaBoost, and neural networks. A total of 42 original research papers were reviewed and their findings summarized. While the current lack of open-source, standardized datasets and the reliance on dated regression models limit strong conclusions about ML’s real-world efficacy in sports injury prediction, addressing these challenges could enable the deployment of advanced ML architectures, thereby accelerating progress in this field and supporting the development of validated clinical tools.