Road Accident Injuries Research Articles

The Vision Zero strategy and its goals

The relevance of studying the Vision Zero strategy is driven by the growing challenges in road traffic safety faced by modern societies. Despite advances in technology and infrastructure, the number of fatalities and injuries in road accidents remains a significant issue, requiring new approaches for resolution. In the context of increased attention to sustainable development and reducing the negative impact on the environment, Vision Zero offers innovative solutions aimed at harmonizing human safety with the ecological and economic demands of modern transportation systems. The Vision Zero strategy represents a modern and ambitious approach to road safety, aiming for the complete elimination of deaths and serious injuries on the roads. This study is dedicated to a comprehensive analysis of the main goals and principles of the Vision Zero strategy, as well as its application in the context of road safety within the European Union. The aim of the study is to thoroughly examine the key objectives of Vision Zero, such as achieving zero fatalities in traffic accidents and reducing serious injuries. Special attention is given to defining serious injuries and methods to reduce them, including both technical and infrastructural solutions. The paper discusses the core principles of the strategy, including ensuring the safety of vehicles, infrastructure, and driver behavior, as well as the principles of a systems approach and proactive risk management. The findings of the study confirm that the Vision Zero strategy is an effective tool for reducing the number of traffic accidents and serious injuries, due to its comprehensive approach to road safety. Specifically, the research shows that achieving Vision Zero’s goals has a significant socio-economic impact, including reduced medical costs and improved quality of life for citizens. The realization of these goals also promotes the implementation of new technologies and innovations in the field of safety, making transportation systems more efficient and reliable. By analyzing and justifying the importance of achieving the Vision Zero goals, the study underscores the need for a comprehensive approach to managing road safety and demonstrates the potential of this strategy to ensure a safer and more sustainable transportation environment in the European Union.

Fatal road traffic accidents and injuries: a preliminary study.

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a major public health problem globally and cause deaths, disability, and significant economic costs. In Italy, there was an increased number of road accidents, deaths, and injuries in 2022 compared to 2021, although still below pre-pandemic levels. A retrospective observational study was performed on a case series of 53 consecutive fatal RTAs examined by the Section of Forensic Medicine of Verona. The case series was divided, according to the type of victims involved, into pedestrians, car drivers, car passengers, and motorcyclists. For each, the times and causes of death, the distribution of external and internal injuries, and toxicological data were analysed, and the results were compared with those in the literature. Although this is a preliminary study on a small case series and lacks statistical validation, so more cases are needed, the preliminary results seem to provide a useful tool for assessing injuries in complex fatal road accidents.

A Review of Orthopaedic Theatre Radiography Services in Zambia

Orthopaedic theatre radiography plays a critical role in the treatment of bone injuries and joint diseases. Fluoroscopic imaging using a mobile image intensifier (C-arm) is required to aid in trauma orthopaedic surgery. Plain X-rays using a mobile X-ray machine are also required for non-trauma corrective orthopaedic surgery. In Zambia, there are an increase in the use of motor vehicles and associated road traffic accident (RTA) injuries. Assaults and falls are other common mechanisms of trauma injuries reported in Zambia. The growing number of trauma patients puts a strain on trauma and orthopaedic services, particularly theatre radiography. Most trauma patients require surgical treatment of their bone injuries. However, in terms of establishing a well-organised trauma and orthopaedic healthcare system in the country, less emphasis has been paid to this problem. As a result, theatre radiography is similarly underdeveloped. This review aimed to assess orthopaedic theatre radiography services and raise awareness among stakeholders on this important topic in Zambia. As the country's planned improved orthopaedic services evolve, the radiography profession must begin bolstering training and advocating for more theatre radiography equipment.

Дорожно-транспортные происшествия и этапное оказание медицинской помощи пострадавшим, на примере Омской области

Summary. The objectives of the study are to summarize the data on road traffic injuries (RTI) as a result of road traffic accidents (RTA), to systematize the published data on the provision of medical care to victims of road traffic accidents and to study the regional features of road traffic accidents on the example of the Omsk region. Materials and research methods. Materials of the study were statistical data on the number of road accidents, the number of victims in road accidents and other statistical data on road traffic injuries in the Omsk region and the Russian Federation as a whole. Research methods were statistical and analytical. Results of the study and their analysis. Based on the analysis of scientific literature and official statistical data for 2015-2022 it was revealed that in the Russian Federation and its regions the problem of road traffic injuries does not lose its relevance — the number of deaths and injuries in road accidents remains high. At the same time, the measures taken make it possible to reduce the number of road accidents and the level of road traffic injuries, as a result of which there is a steady decrease in the number of people killed and injured in road accidents. In improving the organization of medical care for road traffic accident victims, special attention should be paid to medical care for children. The prospective direction of improvement of rendering specialized medical aid to victims of road traffic accidents is optimization of the system of medical aid at all stages of medical evacuation of victims from the place of road traffic accident taking into account the peculiarities of children’s road traffic traumatism.

Analysis of road accident causes in the voivodships in the years 2014-2021 in the aspect of socio-economic costs – towards the implementation of sustainable development

The article addresses the topic of road safety. The reduction of road accident injuries and fatalities fits in with Agenda 2030 sustainable development goals. The objective of the research was to assess road accidents caused by voivodships. The analysis took account of the socio-economic differences in the voivodships, which determine the unit costs of fatalities and injuries. A descriptive analysis is given to show the dynamics of changes in the years 2014-2021 in the voivodships and how different factors influenced change. The article analyses the relation between road safety and the region’s socio-economic development. Data availability determined the time series applied. As we know from research, accidents fall in relation to the (demographic) density of improved roads. Accidents increase, however, in relation to the density of population and GDP per capita. These relations take the opposite direction if the (demographic) fatality rate or accident severity rate (fatalities per 100 accidents) is the dependent variable. Socio-economic losses were estimated using Statistics Poland data. They are the indirect causes of road accidents which occur as a result of lost production due to premature death or incapacity. To value the unit costs of road accidents, the PANDORA method was used. The analysis helped to group the voivodships for their highest and lowest socio-economic costs of road accidents with a special focus on the unit costs of road deaths. The originality of the research is related to the updated voivodship level research.

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of road traffic injuries in the conditions of a metropolis

Background. The problem of traffic injuries remains relevant, both in peacetime and in wartime; this problem is of particular importance in the conditions of a metropolis. At the moment, there are practically no scientifically based protocols (Clinical Pathways) for the provision of medical care to the victims with road accident injuries. The main cause is the lack of clinical and epidemiological analysis data as a fundamental basis for creating protocols and clinical routes. Materials and methods. We analyzed 1,139 cases of road traffic injuries among victims in the conditions of a metropolis, they were selected by the method of irreversible randomization from an array of more than 12,000 patients. The main clinical and epidemiological signs and their correlation were studied. Particular attention was given to the sign of participation in the traffic. All results of the analysis are within the range of probability. Results. It was found that the specific weight of affected men is almost twice as high as the specific weight of women; moreover, the mortality rate among affected women is half that of men. Men predominate among active road participants (drivers and pedestrians), women — passive ones (passengers). In both gender groups, persons of working age predominate, while the dissipation of the distribution is less pronounced in women. Drivers of working age have the highest specific weight. Active road users theoretically have a lower chance of survival when injured in a road accident than passive road users. In addition, pedestrians also have the highest risk of dying as a result of a road accident. Conclusions. 1. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of road traffic injuries in the conditions of a metropolis is a rather complex component of the general characteristics of road traffic injury rate in the conditions of a metropolis as a whole. 2. The results of the analysis of gender and age characteristics of the array of victims due to road traffic accidents in the conditions of a metropolis indicate that 63.65 % of them are males aged 21–60 years, which is an important characteristic of the medical and social phenomenon of road traffic injury rate. 3. It was found that active road users (drivers and pedestrians) are injured most often, 77.53 % in total, which determines a certain risk of trauma depending on participation in the traffic. 4. The relationship was revealed between the age of victims and their participation in the traffic when forming the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of road traffic injuries in the conditions of a metropolis. 5. The influence of clinical and epidemiological characteristics, namely age, gender and participation in the traffic, on the outcome of the traumatic process in the victims was determined. In addition, the nature of this impact needs further verification. 6. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of road traffic injuries in the conditions of a metropolis require further risk-oriented assessment.

Study of road traffic injuries and deaths among the Federal Fire Service personnnel of the EMERCOM of Russia

Relevance. Road accidents are one of the main causes of death and injury among the EMERCOM of Russia personnel.The objective is to analyze the circumstances of road traffic occupational injuries and deaths of the Federal Fire Service (FFS) personnel of the EMERCOM of Russia within 2010 to 2021.Methods. The level of occupational injuries in road accidents from 2010 to 2021, depending on the type of transport, type of activity, day of the week and month of the year, was calculated for 10 thousand firefighters, the level of deaths in the line of duty - for 100 thousand firefighters. Arithmetic averages and their errors (M ± m) are presented.Results and discussion. The level of accident-caused injuries of the Russian EMERCOM FFS personnel was (1.52 ± 0.20) cases per 10 thousand people. The dynamics shows a decrease by 3.4 times in the statistics of injuries over 12 years. The rate of accident-caused deaths among the Russian EMERCOM FFS personnel was (2.06 ± 0.28) cases per 100 thousand people. The dynamics of the last two years demonstrates an increase in the statistics of injuries.The road accident injuries constitute 13.2% of the total number of industrial injuries among Russian firefighters. The rate of fatalities caused by road accidents is 25.8% of the total number of firefighters killed in the line of duty.Conclusion. The analysis of the circumstances of accident-caused injuries among the EMERCOM FFS personnel contributes to improved prevention of occupational firefighter injuries and reduces the on-duty firefighter death rate.

Stochastic Factor Analysis of Occupational Injuries at Railway Transport Enterprises

Introduction. Railway enterprises are characterized by an increased labor risk, the professional activity of personnel is associated with the risk of injury. Occupational safety measures are regularly carried out in the industry. At the same time, accidents are known to occur in Russian Railways JSC (Russian Railways). Risk reduction requires a theoretical study of the problem, as well as the study of applied solutions, which determines the relevance and significance of the proposed study. The purpose of the work is to determine the resulting indicators on which the dynamics of industrial injuries in Russian Railways depends.Materials and Methods. To identify the causes of injury to railway transport workers of the Russian Railways holding, the authors analyzed statistics for 2007–2021. We systematized and ranked 17 types of accidents, which are associated with accidents resulting in injuries. Using the Pareto chart, they were differentiated as resultant and non-resultant. We identified 7 resultants. We performed a stochastic analysis and established the relationship of each factor with the total number of accidents. The correlation coefficients were calculated.Results. Preliminary calculations were presented in the form of a table to obtain the coefficient of stochastic dependence of industrial injuries on the number of injured employees of Russian Railways in road accidents. The value of the stochastic relations coefficient was calculated and adjusted. The average error was determined — the difference between the general injury rate and the injuries in road accidents. The results of these calculations were compared with the data of the Student's t-distribution quantile table for confidence probability. Similarly, the degree of stochastic relationships for the other resulting types of incidents was calculated and summarized in a table. The result was visualized in a diagram.Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the conducted surveys allow us to assert that the dynamics of industrial injuries in Russian Railways JSC is determined mainly by incidents in road accidents. It is necessary to investigate their causes and develop measures aimed at improving occupational safety.

Helmet Use Among Two-Wheeler Riders’ Road Accident Victims in Benin

BackgroundIn Benin, some riders of two-wheeled vehicles still do not wear helmets, the main protection against head injuries in road accidents. The objective of this study is to describe the characteristics of two-wheeled users, and to determine the factors influencing helmet use among this group.MethodsThis is a prospective cross-sectional study of 977 two-wheeled road accident victims from a cohort. Proportions or means were calculated for the different variables. Statistical comparisons were made to test the association with helmet use. Logistic regression modelling was performed to identify factors associated with helmet use.ResultsAmong all subjects, 81.1% [CI95% (78.5; 83.4)] wore a helmet. Factors explaining helmet use were female gender (OR = 2.8 [1.3–6.1]), purpose of trip (OR = 1.7 [1.1–2.6]), possession of health insurance (OR = 3.7 [1.3–10, 5]), having been driving for 15–20 years (OR = 2.6 [1.4–4.7]) or more than 20 years (OR = 3.4 [2.0–5.8]), good road conditions (OR = 3.1 [2.0–4.8]), and good visibility (OR = 1.9 [1.3–3.1]).ConclusionThe factors influencing helmet use are gender, reason for travel, length of time as a driver, possession of health insurance, conditions, and visibility of the road on which the subject are driving. These factors are related to experience and appropriation of the notion of risk, but also related to the environment. To increase helmet use among two-wheelers, helmet awareness should take into account the individual factors found in this study. Enforcement actions should be strengthened, and the quality of the roads improved.

Description of injury to the victim of motorcycle traffic accident

Road accidents are events that can lead to injury or death. The number of fatalities from traffic accidents is the eighth highest in the world. In Southeast Asia, up to 316,000 people die each year in road accidents. Motorcycles are the type of vehicle with the highest number of accidents compared to other types of vehicles. The increase in motorcycle purchases in Indonesia is associated with an increase in road accidents. Road accident injuries can occur on multiple parts of the body and can cause different types of injuries. The purpose of this study is to determine the description of the victims of motorcycle traffic accidents in Southeast Asia. This research is a descriptive study using literature study method by searching various literature that uses electronic databases such as Google Scholar, ResearchGate, PubMed, NCBI, WHO, Ministry of Health, ScienceDirect, and Springer to search related literature. Keywords used when searching for items are injuries, car accidents, motorcycles, and Southeast Asian descriptions. A total of seven articles were selected for analysis using synthetic matrices, and the results showed that working-age and male gender were most frequently involved in motorcycle road accidents. Extremities injuries are the most common site of injury and the majority of injuries obtained are soft tissue injuries. In order to add data on the most common types of injuries to motorcycle traffic accident victims in Indonesia, this study needs to be further conducted in Indonesia on the most common types of injuries to motorcycle traffic accident victims.

The impact of socioeconomic status on hand injury severity

Socioeconomic status (SES) is an important factor affecting different aspects of human health, including self-care and healthcare service use. The relation between SES and hand injury severity is not well defined; therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relation between SES and hand injury severity. This cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study included 215 patients with hand injury. Demographic, clinical, and SES-related factors were collected by questionnaire. Injury severity was assessed on Hand Injury Severity Score (HISS). Statistical analysis used the Student t-test, chi-square test and a multinomial regression model to calculate the odds ratio (OR) of each predictive factor. Mean age was 38.02 ± 13.49 years (range, 12–80 years). 73.5% of the participants were men. Patients with low SES were significantly more likely to develop severe hand injury (OR = 5.25 and 9.25 at HISS levels 3 and 4, respectively). In addition, there was a significant association between being born in rural areas and severe (HISS level 3, OR = 2.63) or major (HISS level 4, OR = 2.63) hand injury. Also, major (HISS level 4) hand injuries were significantly more prevalent in patients living in rural areas (OR = 4.23) and those injured in road accidents (OR = 1.98) or practicing sports (OR = 3.51). The study concluded that patients with low SES were 5−10-fold more likely to suffer from severe and major hand injuries, and thus provided valuable information for Iranian policymakers to take preventive measures for hand injuries. It is recommended to improve postoperative care in patients with low SES who underwent hand surgery, take the necessary measures to decrease the incidence of road accident injuries, facilitate early referral of patients with hand injury to trauma centers, and improve postoperative follow-up until full recovery. Level of evidenceIII

Rule-based classifier based on accident frequency and three-stage dimensionality reduction for exploring the factors of road accident injuries.

Road accidents are one of the primary causes of death worldwide; hence, they constitute an important research field. Taiwan is a small country with a high-density population. It particularly has a considerable number of locomotives. Furthermore, Taiwan’s traffic accident fatality rate increased by 23.84% in 2019 compared with 2018, primarily because of human factors. Road safety has long been a challenging problem in Taiwanese cities. This study collected public data pertaining to traffic accidents from the Taoyuan city government in Taiwan and generated six datasets based on the various accident frequencies at the same location. To find key attributes, this study proposes a three-stage dimension reduction to filter attributes, which includes removing multicollinear attributes, the integrated attribute selection method, and statistical factor analysis. We applied five rule-based classifiers to classify six different frequency datasets and generate the rules of accident severity. The order of top ten key attributes was hit vehicle > certificate type > vehicle > action type > drive quality > escape > accident type > gender > job > trip purposes in the maximum accident frequency CF ≥ 10 dataset. When locomotives, bicycles, and people collide with other locomotives or trucks, injury or death can easily occur, and the motorcycle riders are at the highest risk. The findings of this study provide a reference for governments and stakeholders to reduce the road accident risk factors.

Forensic evaluation of cervical spine distortion injuries in non-fatal road traffic accidents: An observational study

Background. The study relevance is substantiated by the growing numbers of road vehicles and cervical spine traumas occurring among all spinal injuries. Currently, there is no common vision of the cervical trauma pathogenesis, diagnostic algorithm or treatment, which stipulates difficulties in the forensic evaluation of soft tissue injuries of the neck, especially combined with the head or spine traumas around neck, as well as certain diseases.Objectives. A study of the incidence of cervical spine distortion injuries and their clinical and forensic assessment for severity to human health.Methods. A retrospective selective single-stage trial and analysis of 32 forensic medical reports on road accident and physical injury administrative cases in 2017 (single year) have been conducted. Normally distributed data are presented as mean (M), standard deviation (SD) and percent shares. The significance of inter-share variation was estimated with Student’s t-test.Results. Cervical spine distortion injuries more frequently associated with traumas to drivers than passengers inside the salon (81.2%), especially in passenger vehicles, with front-seat travellers inflicted most often (60.0%). Cases of independent pathology were very rare. The most common were combinations with soft tissue injuries, combined blunt trauma to the head, torso and limbs, with craniocerebral or maxillofacial trauma. Cervical osteochondrosis was revealed in 18% cases. Primary diagnosis predominantly grounded on complaints and history (67%), with only 12% cases using a comprehensive neurological examination or instrumental methods. The severity was assessed in the context of concomitant injuries. Acute and moderate severity had equal rates of 6.2%, light severity — 37.5%, no damage — 9.3%. Non-qualified remained 39.8% cases due to a lack of full clinical and instrumental examination (66.7%) or the victim’s failure to appear (13.3%); 20% cases were expert-reported as uncertain for trauma circumstances and mechanism.Conclusion. Further research and systematisation of the data accumulated are necessary. The following clinical and forensic evaluation, as well as statistical analyses will facilitate common diagnostic and severity assessment algorithms to develop for mechanical soft tissue and ligament injuries of the cervical spine.

The significance of clinical and instrumental methods for the diagnosis of multiple injuries in road accidents at an early hospital stage

BACKGROUND: By reason of the high urbanization of the population the mortality rate in combined injury cases remains stably high, despite the CT-scans have appeared in the arsenal of many hospitals. There are a lot of questions: how to reduce the time of diagnosis in favor of therapeutic measures, determine the sequence of actions in different situations?
 AIM: To determine the degree of informativeness of clinical and instrumental methods for diagnosing combined injuries in an accident.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: Were done a retrospective analysis of the results of treatment of 517 patients with combined trauma delivered to the emergency department of the Omsk City Clinical Hospital and the V.P. Demikhovs City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow for 20172019. All patients were examined by a multidisciplinary team using modern diagnostic methods including laparoscopic examination, CT according to the whole body program.
 RESULTS: The results of the data analysis showed that clinical examination, radiography and ultrasound do not allow the diagnosis to be carried out in full, revealing up to 80% of all injuries.
 CONCLUSION: FAST protocol has a high degree of informativeness at the early hospital stage (efficiency 83%, reliability 81%). When using modern computed tomographs with subsequent digital analysis of reconstructions, the value of performing radiographs in an urgent situation decreases. MSCT is the gold standard in the diagnosis of combined trauma, has a high diagnostic efficiency compared to other methods of radiation diagnostics.

A data-driven approach to assessing and analysing contributing factors to the severity of road accident injuries based on decision-making styles

A data-driven approach to assessing and analysing contributing factors to the severity of road accident injuries based on decision-making styles

A data-driven approach to assessing and analysing contributing factors to the severity of road accident injuries based on decision-making styles

Road accidents are among the important challenges that all communities face. Fatal road accidents are closely related to the severity of the collision, which is affected by a variety of factors, including human error, road conditions and weather conditions. Individual errors are a significant cause of accidents, which are influenced by an individual's behavioural characteristics. Behavioural factors are developed by an individual's decision-making style. One of the innovative aspects of this study is the inclusion of drivers' decision-making styles in analysing the causes of accidents with severe injuries. Additionally, this study will determine the primary factors that contribute to the severity of injury utilising principal factor analysis and correlation matrix approaches. Our results show that flexible and hierarchical decision-making styles are the dominant styles in all groups. Non-observance of safe distance, vehicle defects, and bad weather are the three foremost factors affecting the severity of injuries. Human factors with nearly 60% importance, is the most important group of features in determining injury severity. Furthermore, the features of not wearing a seat belt, using a mobile phone while driving, and not observing a safe distance have the most positive alignment with injury, respectively.

Treatment of Unstable Injury of Pelvic Bones in Pregnant (Case Report)

Summary. There is no doubt in the relevance of the problem of treatment of patients with unstable fractures of pelvic bones, since these injuries involve a threat to the patient's life in the early period and often lead to disability in the future. This article presents a rare case of treatment of a patient with an unstable pelvis injury, while being 16 weeks pregnant. Patient A., born 1993, was admitted after a road accident injury. The examinations included: X-ray, CT, ultrasound, and gynecologist consultation. The patient was diagnosed with closed bilateral fracture of the pubic and ischial bones with displacement; rupture of the left sacroiliac joint with the boundary fracture of the sacrum (61-С1.3 by the Tile-AO-ASIF classification). The patient was 16 weeks pregnant. The surgery – open reduction and extramedullary metalosteosynthesis – was performed at the 9th day after the injury. The patient was discharged to outpatient treatment at the 12th day after the surgery. She started walking on crutches 3 weeks after the surgery; no additional support was needed since 1.5 months after the surgery. The patient gave birth at 39 weeks by surgical intervention (caesarean section). The baby's condition was assessed as 8 according to the Apgar scale. At the control examination 10 months after the surgery, musculoskeletal function of the patient was fully restored.

Statistical means of the assessment of the passive safety of road vehicles

The article discusses the main criteria for assessing the design of vehicles in the field of passive safety. Road safety is influenced by a large number of factors, among the most negative factors are road accidents and their consequences. All categories of the population die and get injured in road accidents, which entails a decrease in the population of the country and the level of health, life expectancy, length of the working period, and distortion of the age pyramid. Existing methods for assessing measures to improve passive safety do not fully allow establishing a correspondence between the characteristics of vehicle structural elements that ensure its passive safety and the severity of the consequences in an accident. This situation is mainly due to the impossibility of assessing the passive safety of the car as a whole, by one indicator, since the applied assessment is based on the requirements of regulatory documents. In this case, the most optimal analysis will be the analysis of the consequences of real road accidents, which allows to identify the most dangerous conditions of road accidents and traumatic elements of the structure of vehicles. The result of the assessment of measures to improve passive safety is an accurate assessment of the severity of human injury in an accident and the risk of an accident. The existing and prospective criteria governing passive safety indicators cover a small number of all types of road accidents. Therefore, expanding the scope of application of safety criteria to the widest possible range of types of road accidents and taking into account the anthropological parameters of a person is the most significant potential way to reduce the number and severity of injuries in road accidents.

Insurance claims in Uganda: A Critical Analysis of the Motor Vehicle Insurance (Third Party Risks) Act Cap 214

“Insurance is an ingenious modern game of chance in which the player is permitted to enjoy the comfortable conviction that he is beating the man who keeps the table” (Bierce, 1911)A total of 9,000 people lost their lives in road accidents in the last three years according to the recent Traffic Police reports while the 2017 Ministry of Works and Transport reported that at least 10 people die every day due to bodaboda-related accidents. Kiva (2018, p. 4). This is in addition to a big number of individuals who have suffered bodily injuries in road accidents and who are not usually tracked. Taking the case study of the Gaagaa bus accident which took place along Kiryandogo road, the government of Uganda compensated the families of the accident victims with shs.5,000,000/= (Five Million Uganda Shillings Only) and shs.3,000,000/= (Three Million Uganda Shillings only) for the relatives of deceased and injured victims respectively. Surprisingly, there is no indication that the motor vehicles involved in this accident were government-owned or uninsured as to entitle victims involved to compensation from the government. Besides, the amount compensated was above the statutory limit of shs.150,000/= (One Hundred and Fifty Thousand Uganda Shillings) inclusive of costs incidental to the judgment!!!The dilemma of third-party insurance compensation policy is embedded in the fact that there is a big number of victims who are not compensated as there are also many policyholders who have not benefited from the cover because they have not caused or been involved in an accident. This calls for a critical analysis of the insurance claims in Uganda in light of the Motor Vehicle Insurance (Third Party Risks) Act Cap 214 to address this injustice.This article presents the current legal framework for compensation against the insured. It analyses the challenges of insurers with the said legal framework. It recommends among others the amendment of S.39 of the Motor Vehicle Insurance (Third Party Risks) Act Cap 214 to establish a compensation policy that can benefit policyholders and to establish a Motor Insurance Information Centre which can facilitate the third-party suits against insurers. Keywords: Third-party, Insurance, Compensation, Indemnity. DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/110-04 Publication date: June 30 th 2021

A spatiotemporal appraisal of road traffic accident in Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria

Purpose: Road accident has been claiming lives and no amount of research will be enough to expose the causes and dangers. This study appraises the causes and analyses the variation of road accidents in the Kaduna metropolis, intending to reduce it. Research methodology: The data used was obtained from Federal Road Safety Corps and complemented by the researchers’ field survey. Eight members of the research team went to the 24 bus stops identified each month rotationally. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were applied in the analysis. Results: There was a high correlation of mortality and road accident injuries as confirmed by r-value 0.7 using pearson product moment correlation. Accidents occur most in the morning and afternoon and the season with most accident occurrence was the dry season. The combination of over speeding and other factors were the major causes of road accidents. Limitations: The study used data published in 2016, although a follow-up data verification was conducted in 2017 and 2018. Therefore, the study is old and the results might have changed and might not necessarily be reliable. Contribution: Road accidents hot spots areas, causes, and patterns were exposed to guide the road users in order to avoid the accident. The study can also be replicated in other study areas with similar characteristics.