Injections Of Liver Extract Research Articles

Identification of an antigen shared by mouse liver and lung.

In response to multiple injections of liver extract from Balb/c mice, DBA/1 mice produce antibodies against a component of the liver preparation which is not F-antigen, but which is able to precipitate in gel diffusion tests. This antigen is also found in extracts of Balb/c lung, but not in a variety of other organs tested. Liver extracts from all of the inbred strains studied contain the antigen, except extracts from DBA/1 mice. Furthermore, this antigen was not found in the liver or lungs of other vertebrates tested. The antigen has been designated antigen-L1.

Chalones of the liver

Injection of liver extract and blood serum of healthy intact mice and also of the blood serum from clinically healthy persons into CBA x C57BL hybrid mice sharply inhibits mitotic activity of hepatocytes in the liver regenerating after partial hepatectomy. Extracts of regenerating liver and blood serum of animals with a regenerating liver do not inhibit mitosis in hepatocytes. Blood serum from a patient with postnecrotic active cirrhosis of the liver not only did not inhibit mitoses in the hepatocytes but actually increased their number. It is suggested that the concentration of chalones is reduced in the cirrhotic liver.

Acquired Selective Vitamin B12 Malabsorption

A 44‐year‐old woman underwent extirpation of a reticulum cell sarcoma in the right anxilla 10 years previously, followed by local roentgen treatment. Subsequently, the patient was irradiated because of enlarged lymph nodes in the left axilla and in the abdomen. Because of megalocytic anaemia and normal serum iron, the patient was given three injections of liver extract, whereupon the haemoglobin values rose to normal levels. An impaired absorption of vitamin B12 was demonstrated which did not improve on intrinsic factor. Otherwise, no hitherto known causes of the reduced vitamin B12 absorption could be found, in particular no other malabsorption symptoms were present. When normal intestinal juice was given concurrently, vitamin B12 was absorbed normally, which indicates that the patient lacks a factor in her intestinal juice which is of importance for a normal absorption of vitamin B12. The underlying mechanism of the biochemical defect in the vitamin B12 absorption is difcussed.

CASE RECORDS OF THE MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. CASE 80-1963.

Presentation of CaseA forty-nine-year-old man entered the hospital because of weakness and chronic diarrhea.Diarrhea and abdominal distention developed during infancy, and ever since that time he had customarily passed 6 to 12 bulky, foul-smelling stools daily. His appetite had been voracious, and he had been active and in good health, having played professional basketball for seven years. Twenty years before admission he was told that he had pernicious anemia and was given injections of liver extract. Five years later he entered another hospital because of nausea, vomiting and increased frequency of bowel movements. A diagnosis of sprue was . . .

Activation of the division and growth of cells during regeneration

An increase of mitotic activity, the size of the cells and their nuclei and the increase of content of RNA and DNA was noted in regeneration of salivary glands in mice. Analogous changes were noted in uninjured gland on the contralateral side. Administration of an extract of salivary gland caused the rise of mitotic activity, an increased content of nucleic acids in the cells and hypertrophy of the cells. Injection of liver extract into the check's embryo brought about an increase of the relative weight of the liver, the rise of mitotic activity and cellular hypertrophy. A conclusion was drawn that protein and the products of its disintegration possesses an organospecific effect on the growth and mitosis of cells.

The Effects of Diet, Partial Hepatectomy and Growth-Promoting Factors on the Composition of the Rat Liver

The effect of normal diets (22% protein) and of low protein-high fat diets (9% protein) on the liver constituents of intact rats was studied. The liver lipids in intact rats on normal diets were lower when 30 mg of choline were added daily to the diet than on this diet without choline (0.76 gm % as compared to 2.55 gm %). In intact rats on the 9% protein diet the lipid content of the liver varied, averaging about 10 gm % after 22 days on the diet. The increase in liver lipids was associated with a decrease in the nitrogen content of the liver. After being maintained on the low protein-high fat diet for about 42 days, groups of rats were partially hepatectomized. When they were continued on this diet, the lipid content of the liver was further increased at the time of sacrifice, 6 to 15 days later. When the rats continued on the low protein-high fat diet after partial hepatectomy were given 5 μg of vitamin B12 by injection daily, there was a consistent decrease in the liver lipids and an increase in liver nitrogen at the time of sacrifice. The injection of liver extract was also associated with a decrease in the liver lipids, but not as consistent a decrease as that occurring with vitamin B12. Increasing the protein content of the diet to 16% following partial hepatectomy was associated with some lipotropic effect and an increase in the liver nitrogen, but this was not as uniform as when the protein in the diet was increased to 26%. Microscopic examination of the livers of the rats at the time of hepatectomy and at the time of sacrifice showed an increase in lipid deposition in the animals continued on the low protein diet, and not receiving any additional therapy. The administration of both liver extract and vitamin B12 was associated with microscopic evidence of regeneration of liver cells, more marked in the animals receiving vitamin B12. In the animals changed to the 26% protein diet, regeneration of the liver cells was present but to a less marked degree.

Maintenance treatment of pernicious anaemia by injections of liver extract.

Maintenance treatment of pernicious anaemia by injections of liver extract.

PERNICIOUS ANEMIA IN CHILDHOOD

IN A RECENT article 1 a colleague and I reviewed the literature relating to pernicious anemia in childhood and reported the first authenticated case 1a from America. In this postscript I wish to show the responses of the patient to folic acid. The patient, A. A., has been followed continuously since November 1940. Throughout she has shown gastric achlorhydria and can be maintained in a state of health only when she is continuously treated for anemia with liver extract or an equivalent. She has been observed through five relapses, some specifically induced by withdrawal of treatment. Erythropoiesis has shown consistently with each relapse an arrest of maturation at the megaloblastic level. She responds in a characteristic way to the administration of liver extract (chart 1). On Feb. 6, 1946, she received her last injection of liver extract 2 but continued until March 25, 1946, to receive orally 4 cc. of

The Reticulocyte‐Ripening Index after Loading with Liver Extract and Tyrosine

Summary.After injections of liver extract in rabbits, an increase in reticulocyte‐ripening substances in plasma is found. In the first 24 hours after the injection the ripening substances in plasma can be activated with tyrosine in contrast to normal plasma and are therefore taken to be the unaltered liver substances.Injections of tyrosine alone in the same quantities as found in the liver extract used, also produced an increase, but exclusively of fully activated ripening substances. Controls with saline give no rise.

THE USE OF CONCENTRATED LIVER EXTRACTS IN PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

The problem of maintaining, over long periods, normal erythrocyte levels in patients with pernicious anemia is one which presents itself to every physician who has such a patient to treat. In the larger hospitals and medical centers many data concerning this problem have been assembled, and from time to time some of these have been published. Since the purpose of this paper is to present the results of maintenance treatment of the patient with pernicious anemia by parenteral injection of liver extracts over relatively long periods, perhaps a fairly comprehensive review of the literature pertaining to the results obtained by this means will be of value. It was pointed out in the early reports1of the use of intramuscular injections of liver extract that observation over long periods is necessary in order to establish the average maintenance dose. Six months may be considered the shortest period over which patients

Effect of Liver Extract, Injected Parenterally into Pregnant Mother, on Erythrocytes of Newborn Rats

SummaryData concerning the erythrocyte picture of newborn rats whose mothers had been treated antenatally with liver extracts known to contain the anti-pernicious anemia factor has been presented and shown to be not statistically different from that of untreated controls; or the antenatal injection of liver extract into a pregnant rat has no significant effect on the mean red cell diameter of the newborn rats.

ALLERGY TO LIVER EXTRACT

Allergy to liver extract acquired as a result of injections received for the treatment of pernicious anemia is reported in American literature only twice. The report by Metzger 1 describes an asthmatic reaction following administration of liver extract. The second report, by Held and Goldbloom, 2 describes the development of urticaria, which is thought to be due to the accumulation of uric acid. No studies were carried out in these two cases to determine the nature of the immunologic response involved in this type of sensitivity. Four reports appear in the foreign literature. Roovers 3 reports several instances in which asthma, urticaria and other unpleasant reactions developed in patients receiving liver extract by injection. Engel 4 describes a reaction consisting of marked weakness, imperceptible pulse, vomiting and a skin rash immediately after an injection of liver extract in a patient who had been receiving liver by injection for a period

Concerning Leucocytosis after Injection of Liver Extract. A new Liver Function Test1).

Acta Medica ScandinavicaVolume 90, Issue S78 p. 250-262 Concerning Leucocytosis after Injection of Liver Extract. A new Liver Function Test1). Jens Dedichen, Jens Dedichen Bergen, Norway.Search for more papers by this author Jens Dedichen, Jens Dedichen Bergen, Norway.Search for more papers by this author First published: January/December 1936 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1936.tb15946.x 1 Preliminary Report AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume90, IssueS78January/December 1936Pages 250-262 RelatedInformation

Treatment of Malignant Neutropenia by Injection of Liver Extract

Treatment of Malignant Neutropenia by Injection of Liver Extract

PARENTERAL LIVER THERAPY IN PERNICIOUS ANEMIA: OBSERVATIONS COVERING TWO YEARS OF CONTINUED USE

Article1 March 1934PARENTERAL LIVER THERAPY IN PERNICIOUS ANEMIA: OBSERVATIONS COVERING TWO YEARS OF CONTINUED USEJOSEPH E. CONNERY, M.D., LEONARD J. GOLDWATER, M.D.JOSEPH E. CONNERY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, LEONARD J. GOLDWATER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-7-9-1117 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe literature on the parenteral use of liver extract in the treatment of pernicious anemia was extensively reviewed by Conner1in 1932 and subsequently by others. In the main, except for the recent contributions of Murphy2and of Isaacs,3the reports which have so far appeared in the literature have to do with the parenteral use of liver extract over relatively short periods of time. In most instances the observations reported cover the effects of this form of treatment during the period of exacerbation, and therefore deal with parenteral liver therapy as an agent in the induction of remissions. It...Bibliography1. CONNER HM: Injection of liver extract in the treatment of pernicious anemia, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1932, xcix, 614-620. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. MURPHY WP: Maintenance of normal blood in pernicious anemia by means of intramuscular injections of a solution of liver extract, Am. Jr. Med. Sci., 1933, clxxxvi, 271-277. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. ISAACSSTURGESGOLDHAMERBETHELL RCCSMFH: Use of liver extract intravenously in the treatment of pernicious anemia, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1933, c, 629-633. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. COHNMINOTFULTONULRICHSSARGENTWEAREMURPHY EJGRJFHFFCJHWP: The nature of the material in liver effective in pernicious anemia, Jr. Biol. Chem., 1927, lxxiv, p. lxix-lxxii. Google Scholar5. Solution liver extract parenteral, N. N. R., made by the Lederle Laboratories, Inc., New York. Google Scholar6. CONNERYGOLDWATER JELJ: Parenteral use of liver extract in treatment of pernicious anemia, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1932, xcviii, 1060-1067. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, N. Y.*Received for publication October 19, 1933.From the Department of Medicine, University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York University, and the Third (New York University) Medical Division of Bellevue Hospital.†Prepared by the Lederle Laboratories, New York. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDauerbehandlung der Perniziösen Anämie mit „Pernaemyl Forte“ 1 March 1934Volume 7, Issue 9Page: 1117-1121KeywordsHospital medicineLiverPernicious anemia Issue Published: 1 March 1934 PDF downloadLoading ...

Nursing the Pernicious Anemia Patient

TO many nurses pernicious anemia is an exceedingly rare disease and therefore not of special interest. To one, however, who has attended approximately 250 patients in the last two years, five out of six of whom had pernicious anemia, the disease no longer seems a rarity. The Thomas Henry Simpson Memorial Institute for Medical Research, of the University of Michigan, is a hospital in Ann Arbor, Michigan, endowed in 1927 by Mrs. Thomas Henry Simpson of Detroit for research in the treatment of pernicious anemia, and it has aided greatly in the advancement of therapy for the disease. In 1926 Minot and Murphy discovered the value of liver in the treatment, and later workers developed liver extract. The next advance was intimately associated with this institution when Dr. C. C. Sturgis and Dr. Raphael Isaacs and the other members of the staff, discovered the value of desiccated hog stomach or ventriculin. The staff of the hospital recently perfected an even more satisfactory treatment in the intravenous injection of liver extract. This can care for the needs of the patient by monthly injections rather than the daily administration of the older substances.

Anemia Treated by Injection of Liver Extract into Vein

Anemia Treated by Injection of Liver Extract into Vein

The Effect of Liver Extract on Ducks.

In previous communications1 it was pointed out that liver extract contained both histamine and cholin, and that the depressor effect was possibly due to these substances. As a further link in the evidence leading to these conclusions the effect of liver extract has been tried on ducks. Hogben2 has stated that a 1 per cent extract of liver is without effect on ducks, that ducks are less susceptible to depressor bases, and that a pressor effect is more likely, as in rabbits.The ducks used were fairly uniform in size, weighing about 2 kilos each. Intravenous injections of liver extract (kindly furnished by the Connaught Laboratory) were made in doses ranging from 0.25 to 1 cc. The blood pressure was taken from the carotid artery by the usual method. Such injections are practically without effect on the blood pressure. Sometimes there is a slight rise, sometimes a slight fall (usually due to manipulations), but never the abrupt fall so characteristic of the depressor effect in mammals. As liver extract contai...