Injection Of Pancreozymin Research Articles

Sulphated bile acids in duodenal juice of healthy infants and children compared with sulphated bile acids in paediatric patients with various gastroenterological diseases.

The bile acid pattern in the first 10 minute fraction of intestinal juice after injection of pancreozymin (2 U/kg bw) was studied in 32 gastroenterologically healthy children and 26 paediatric patients with various diseases of the liver or intestine. The sulphated and non-sulphated portions of monohydroxy, dihydroxy, and trihydroxy bile acids were evaluated in relation to the total concentration of bile acids as well as the ratios of the individual acids to each other in esterified and unesterified form. In healthy patients, the extent of sulphation was not age dependent. The quantity of potentially toxic monohydroxy and dihydroxy bile acids did not determine the percentage of sulphation, which was induced only by the severity of cholestasis. Ursodeoxycholic bile acids were usually esterified with sulphuric acid to a remarkably high degree. Less sulphated bile acids were detected in patients with coeliac disease than in the control group.

Metal contents in duodenal aspirates of normal subjects during pancreozymin-secretin test.

The calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper and manganese concentrations in the duodenal aspirates obtained during pancreozymin-secretin tests were measured in 16 normal subjects. Total outputs of calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper and manganese during the 70 minute period (10 minutes after pancreozymin injection and 60 minutes after secretin injection) were 4.91 +/- 3.47 mg, 1.88 +/- 0.96 mg, 180 +/- 42 micrograms, 162 +/- 104 micrograms and 16.9 +/- 14.2 micrograms (mean +/- S.D.), respectively. The concentrations of metals were the highest in P fraction (during 10 minutes after pancreozymin injection) and the lowest is S3 fraction (during the 20-40 minute period after secretin injection). Although calcium, magnesium, copper and manganese concentrations varied widely from case to case especially in P fraction, zinc concentration exhibited comparatively small variation in every fraction. Magnesium, copper and manganese concentrations exhibited significant correlations with icterus indices of the aspirates. Zinc and magnesium concentrations correlated with amylase activity and magnesium concentration exhibited an inverse relation to bicarbonate concentration. Most metal concentrations correlated well each other, but there were no correlations between zinc and calcium and between zinc and manganese concentrations. Zinc seemed to be excreted mainly with pancreatic juice and copper and manganese mainly with bile.

Degradation of methyl mercury glutathione by the pancreatic enzymes in bile

Methyl mercury glutathione (MMGSH), a major methyl mercury derivative excreted in the bile, was converted stepwise into methyl mercury cysteine (MMCys) by the enzymes in the bile as well as γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP, EC 2.3.2.2), contaminated with cysteinylglycine hydrolase (EC 3.4.3.5), purified from rat kidney. The responsible enzymes present in the bile seemed to be γGTP and cysteinylglycine hydrolase. The reaction products were determined by ion-exchange chromatographic analysis of methyl mercury. The stepwise conversion of MMGSH to methyl mercury cysteinylglycine (MMCysGly) and MMCys was demonstrated by thin-layer chromatographic and DEAE-Sephadex column chromatographic analyses. γ-GTP in the bile seemed to come from the pancreas, because increases or decreases of γ-GTP activity in the bile correlated well with α-amylase activity (EC 3.2.2.1), a representative pancreatic enzyme, after pancreozymin injection.

The hexosamine concentration and output in human pure pancreatic juice in chronic pancreatitis

Hexosamine concentration in human pure pancreatic juice was determined during wash-out phase and secretin stimulation phase. Specimens were collected by endoscopic retrograde catheterization of the papilla at one minute intervals for 20 minutes after intravenous injection of secretin (Eisai, 1 U/kg) and for 10 minutes after pancreozymin injection (Boots, 1 U/kg). In suspected and established chronic pancreatitis (calcifying or non-calcifying), hexosamine concentration was significantly raised during both wash-out phase and secretin phase. Hexosamine output was significantly raised in suspected chronic pancreatitis and non-calcifying chronic pancreatitis during both wash-out phase and secretin phase; in calcifying chronic pancreatitis, no significant increase in hexosamine output was noted during both phases because of decreased secretory volume. Significance of these findings was discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis.

The calcium concentration in human pure pancreatic juice in chronic pancreatitis.

Calcium concentration in human pure pancreatic juice was determined during wash-out period, secretin stimulation and pancreozymin stimulation. Specimens were collected by endoscopic retrograde catheterization of the papilla at one minute intervals for 20 minutes after intravenous injection of secretin (Eisai, 1 U/kg) and for 10 minutes after pancreozymin injection (Boots, 1 U/kg). The determination was also made in duodenal juice obtained during the ordinary pancreozymin-secretin test. Calcium concentration in duodenal juice was significantly raised in patients with chronic pancreatitis (suspected, definite or calcifying), confirming the results of previous investigators. Calcium concentration and calcium per mg of protein in human pure pancreatic juice were significantly raised in patients with chronic pancreatitis (suspected, definite or calcifying). Calcium per mg of protein in normal human pure pancreatic juice was quite similar to that reported in zymogen granules of the guinea-pig pancreas. Calcium output in human pure pancreatic juice was also significantly raised in patients with suspected chronic pancreatitis; it was within normal limits in patients with definite or calcifying chronic pancreatitis due to decreased volume output. Significance of these findings were discussed in relation to pathogenesis and early detection of chronic pancreatitis.

Visualization of the cystic artery after injection of Pancreozymin.

In 84 patients selective angiography of the common hepatic artery before and after injection Pancreozymin was performed. The results prove that: 1. Pancreozymin produces visualization of the cystic artery and its branches and of the gall-bladder wall in the majority of these normal gall-bladders that are not visualized during angiography without Pancreozymin. 2. Pancreozymin improves visualization of many normal and pathological gall-bladders seen only faintly on angiography without Pancreozymin. 3. In a patient with an angiographically normal liver the non-visualization of the branches of the cystic artery or of the gall-bladder wall after injection of Pancreozymin is a reliable sign of organic gall-bladder disease, or of a collapsed gall-bladder seen sometimes in patients with bile duct or pancreatic tumour.

Pancreatic Secretion of Total Protein and of Three Hydrolases Collected in Healthy Subjects via Duodenoscopic Cannulation: Effects of secretin, pancreozymin, and caerulein

Pancreatic secretion of total protein and of three types of hydrolases (amylase, lipase, and thymotrypsinogen(s) was determined in human subjects free of gastrointestinal disease. Pure pancreatic juice was collected by canulation of Wirsung's duct under duodenoscopy. Rapid intravenous injection of pancreozymin (1 Crick-Harper-Raper U per kg) stimulated secretion of total protein and hydrolases within 1 min. This stimulation was of short duration and had a half-life of 70 to 100 sec. Rapid intravenous injection of caerulein (20) ng per kg) induced a similar response. Parallel variations in total protein, amylase, lipase, and chymotrypsinogen(s) were observed in the three experiments where complete enzyme analyses were performed.

Parallel secretion of calcium and enzymes by the human pancreas.

Secretion of calcium, bicarbonate and 4 pancreatic hydrolases into the duodenal juice were studied in groups of normal subjects (18), Subjects with cholecystectomy (9), and chronic pancreatic insufficiency (10). The pancreas was stimulated by a constant infusion of secretin (1 U/kg/h) which resulted in a plateau of secretion after about 30 min. An injection of pancreozymin (1 U/kg) followed after 60 min. This produced a significant increase in concentration and output of both calcium and enzymes. Both parameters were positively correlated. In cases with cholecystectomy, pancreozymin produced a similar parallel increase of secretion of calcium and enzymes. Since the influx of the bile into the duodenum was not changed, the amount of calcium stimulated by pancreozymin in the pancreas could be calculated at 5.2 μEq/min. In the group with pancreatic insufficiency, pancreozymin failed to evoke any increased secretion of calcium and enzymes. The resultsindicate that calcium enters human pancreatic juice in close association with pancreatic enzyme protein.

Effect of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin and secretin on the volume, composition, and enzymatic activity of hepatic bile in rabbits

In rabbits given cholecystokinin-pancreozymin intravenously a statistically significant increase in bile volume and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity was observed. There was also an increase in the total amount of protein, cholesterol, bicarbonates Na, K, Ca, Mg, and the total activity of alkaline phosphatase and leucineaminopeptidase (LAP) secreted in bile within 90 minutes after pancreozymin injection. Pancreozymin had no effect on the concentration and output of taurocholates and the activity of gammaglutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP) and alanineaminotransferase (ALAT) in bile. Secretin neither changes the volume nor the concentration of any of the investigated components in rabbit bile.

Ultrastructure of the canine exocrine pancreas following continuous intravenous infusion of secretin and injection of pancreozymin.

Electron microscopic studies were performed on exocrine pancreas biopsy specimens from eight dogs, following continuous infusion of secretin and injection of pancreozymin. The excreting process of the proteins by acinar cells is increased after the injection of pancreozymin: there is an enlargement of the acinar lumina, a multiplication of the apical vacuoles, an apical localization and usually a marked depletion of the zymogen granules within the cells. On the other hand, the dense content of the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum, the enlargement of the Golgi complex, the abundance of presumed immature zymogen granules are the witnesses of an excreting process which seems to be followed by a rise in the rate of the protein synthesis. The abundance of lysosomal structures chiefly after the pancreozymin injection, can be attributed to an increase of the protein synthesis or to the toxic effects of the drugs. In the washing out period, the emptiness of the acinar lumen can be explained by the diminution of the protein secretion. The main result of this experiment is to show that a presumed specific surstimulation is capable of evoking ultra-structural alterations of the acinar cells which are similar to those observed after experimental intoxication and under pathological conditions.

Exploration of pancreatic exocrine function by continuous infusion of secretin

A total of 47 subjects were given continuous intravenous infusion of secretin and an injection of pancreozymin. The results obtained from 20 control subjects showed that the secretin used in our study produced maximal alkaline secretion (711±166 µEq./min.) at a dose of 3 U./kg./hr. At this dose and up to 5 U./kg./hr., the infusion was perfectly tolerated by all the subjects.

Stimulation of insulin secretion by pancreozymin.

The peripheral injection of pancreozymin in dogs at doses greater than one-eighth dog unit/kg, has been shown to produce an abrupt rise in portal vein plasma insulin. A dose of 0.5 U./kg. proved to be a more potent stimulus of insulin secretion than 0.5 gm./kg. of glucose. A combination of pancreozymin and glucose produced more pronounced hyperinsulinemia than the sum of the two given separately. Repeated injections of pancreozymin appear to have a decreasing stimulatory effect. Pancreozymin produced a decrease in free fatty acids but did not lower plasma glucose.

QUANTITATIVE BACTERIOLOGY OF THE TYPHOID CARRIER STATE.

Summary Thirteen chronic stool carriers of Salmonella typhosa were studied to determine the number of typhoid bacilli in stool, gastric juice, and duodenal aspirate before and after intravenous injection of Pancreozymin®. The number of salmonella excreted ranged from 106 to 1010 per gram of feces in 42 of 46 specimens from the 13 patients, and only 1 sample was negative for S. typhosa. S. typhosa was recovered from the pre-pancreozymin duodenal aspirates of only 6 of the 13 patients. However, after administration of pancreozymin, S. typhosa in titers of 104 to 108 per ml was recovered from the duodenal aspirate of every patient. In 12 of the 13 patients the number of salmonella in the post-pancreozymin specimen exceeded by at least 10-fold the number in the pre-pancreozymin specimen. The present studies show that chronic typhoid carriers regularly excrete large numbers of S. typhosa in stool. The evidence strongly suggests that the biliary tract is the primary site of multiplication in those patients.