Initial Sample Temperature Research Articles

Gray relational analysis for parametric optimization of micro-EDM of thermo-mechanically processed AA7075 and AA7075/SiC/Gr composite

The AA7075 alloy and AA7075/SiC/Gr hybrid composite prepared by the stir-casting method have been further thermo-mechanically processed through unidirectional hot rolling and hot cross-rolling routes to eliminate casting defects like voids, blow holes etc. Three initial sample temperatures, that is, 350℃, 400℃, and 450℃, have been considered for the hot cross-rolling. The Al alloy and its hybrid composite prepared at different rolling temperatures are studied to investigate their micro-machining behavior through micro-electric discharge machining (µ-EDM). The micro-holes are made on the rolled samples along the rolling direction of the final rolling pass using a tool with twist drill bit geometry. Further, multi-objective optimization of the µ-EDM process parameters considering the response parameters viz. material removal rate (MRR) and tool wear rate (TWR) has been carried out using the gray relational analysis (GRA) technique. The µ-EDM parameters chosen to optimize in this study are voltage, pulse on time, and tool rotation. The obtained GRA results are further analyzed through normality and equal variance tests. The R-squared values of 95.02% and 95.53% for AA7075 alloy and hybrid composite, respectively, indicate that the data fit well with the statistical model. In material removal, the different electrical and thermal characteristics of the Al matrix and the reinforcements possibly generate sparks with a different characteristic that ultimately affects the MRR of the composite. Through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the morphological study confirmed the presence of globules and voids on the machined surface. The formation of globules and voids is more significant in the AA7075 alloy than in the composite.

Experimental Study on Preparation of Inorganic Fibers from Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers Ash.

The ash generated by Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) boilers is featured by its looseness and porosity, low content of glassy substances, and high contents of calcium (Ca) and sulfur (S), thus resulting in a low comprehensive utilization rate. Currently, the predominant treatment approach for CFB ash and slag is stacking, which may give rise to issues like environmental pollution. In this paper, CFB ash (with a CaO content of 7.64% and an SO3 content of 1.77%) was used as the main raw material. The high-temperature melting characteristics, viscosity-temperature characteristics, and initial crystallization temperature of samples with different acidity coefficients were investigated. The final drawing temperature range of the samples was determined, and mechanical property tests were conducted on the prepared inorganic fibers. The results show that the addition of dolomite powder has a significant reducing effect on the complete liquid phase temperature. The final drawing temperatures of the samples with different acidity coefficients range as follows: 1270-1318 °C; 1272-1351 °C; 1250-1372 °C; 1280-1380 °C; 1300-1382 °C; and 1310-1384 °C. The drawing temperature of this system is slightly lower than that of basalt fibers. Based on the test results of the mechanical properties of inorganic fibers, the Young's modulus of the inorganic fibers prepared through the experiment lies between 55 GPa and 74 GPa, which basically meets the performance requirements of inorganic fibers. Consequently, the method of preparing inorganic fibers by using CFB ash and dolomite powder is entirely feasible.

Temperature effects on the nanoscale thermoelastic response of a SiO2 membrane

We crossed two femtosecond extreme ultraviolet (EUV) pulses on a 100 nm thick amorphous membrane of SiO2, generating transient gratings (TGs) of light intensity with 84 nm spatial periodicity. The EUV TG excitation gave rise to the efficient generation of Lamb waves (LWs) and of a temperature grating, whose dynamics was studied at two different initial sample temperatures, 50 and 300 K. The short penetration depth of the EUV excitation pulses turned into a strong non-uniformity in the actual temperature as a function of the depth from the sample surface. At the lowest temperature, the LW frequencies presented a sizable shift in time due to the thermal equilibration along the membrane thickness. The analysis of the EUV TG waveforms allowed us to determine the decay time of the thermal grating and the sound attenuation coefficient, both found in reasonable agreement with the literature. The results show how EUV TG can provide information of non-equilibrium thermoelastic dynamics in thin membranes transparent to optical radiation.

Study on the thermal behaviour of spontaneous combustion of open-pit minerals

To study thermal behaviour during spontaneous combustion of an open-pit coal mine, mixed slag (coal, oil shale, and coal gangue) was taken as the research object. Laser thermal conductivity analyser and differential scanning calorimetry were used to test thermophysical parameters and heat release characteristics of the minerals. The parameters can be employed to calculate the apparent activation energy using the Arrhenius equation and evaluate the thermal behaviour of open-pit mixed slag. The results indicate that thermophysical parameters have stage characteristics. Thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of minerals, especially mixed slag, have a strong correlation with temperature. Heat flow of minerals exhibits five characteristic stages, and heat flow of the samples is consistent with the change in heating rate. During the heating process, thermal diffusivity and heat flow of the mixed slag are between those of a single mineral. Except for the mixed slag at 15 and 20 °C/min, the initial exothermic temperature of the other samples is mainly concentrated at 50–80 °C. Thermal energy release of the sample is mainly concentrated in the accelerated exothermic stage and rapid exothermic stage. Thermal energy release of mixed slag in rapid exothermic stage is always greater than that in accelerated exothermic stage, and the proportion of thermal energy release in these two stages exceeds 98 %. The apparent activation energy during the accelerated exothermic stage is lower, making it easier to release heat, and rapid exothermic stage is relatively high, which can readily lead to heat accumulation. Thermal analysis reveals that the thermal behaviour of mixed slag is significantly different from that of a single mineral. Its unique exothermic characteristics can provide a more accurate theoretical basis for the prevention and control of environmental pollution caused by slag spontaneous combustion.

Kinetic study of reverse water-gas shift chemical looping on La-based perovskite

This was a kinetic study on the reduction reaction with H2(g) and subsequent oxidation reaction with CO2(g) involved in a chemical looping reverse water-gas shift cycle (RWGS-CL) on lanthanum-based perovskites. The influence of particle size, gas flow rate, initial sample mass, temperature, and reactant gas partial pressure were analyzed for each reaction. The kinetic parameters of reduction reactions for LaCoO3 and LaCo0.50Fe0.50O3 were determined through isothermal reactions between 275 and 400 °C and hydrogen partial pressure between 1.67 and 5 pct. These reactions are well described by a contracting volume model. The activation energies found were 90.3 ± 2 and 71.6 ± 4 kJ mol−1, and for ln(A) 10.4 ± 0.4 and 8.3 ± 0.9, for LaCoO3 and LaCo0.50Fe0.50O3 reductions, respectively. Two kinetic regimes were identified for the reaction between reduced LaCo0.50Fe0.50O3 and CO2(g) with formation of CO(g), depending on particle size. The surfaces of the solid reactants serve as potential sites for initiating the conversion reaction due to their higher energy levels compared to those of the bulk material. This accounts for higher conversion rates observed in smaller particle sizes, where the surface-to-bulk ratio is higher. The second stage kinetics was analyzed, and the activation energy was determined to be 148.6 ± 9 kJ mol−1. For LaCo0.50Fe0.50O3, XPS measurements show that only Co changes its oxidation state during the redox reactions.

DL‐malic acid for inhibiting the re‐ignition of long‐flame coal and its micro‐reaction mechanism

AbstractTo study the metal ion chelating agent (DL‐malic acid) inhibiting oxidation characteristics of residual coal in goaf, the microscopic thermal transformation characteristics of the treated coal samples were obtained using apparent morphology, infrared spectroscopy, free radical testing, and thermal analysis. The results demonstrate that after the addition of malic acid, the sphericity and roundness of the coal samples decrease, and the small fractured particles accumulate in the pores of the oxidized coal samples and, thereby, reduce the number of coal–oxygen contact sites. The addition of 10% malic acid promotes the conversion of functional groups (FG) and free radicals in pre‐oxidized coal, inhibits the catalytic effect of metal ions, generates more active sites, and increases the total heat release during the combustion process. There are strong endothermic points in the malic acid‐treated coal samples, and the free water evaporation blocked by small particles in the holes delays the initial heat release temperature of the coal samples. Pre‐oxidation can promote changes in the valence state of metal ions in coal, increase the adhesion between broken pre‐oxidized coal particles via malic acid chelation, and lose the catalytic effect of metal ions; this inhibits the process of oxidative re‐ignition of coal samples.

Изучение прочностных характеристик оттаивающих грунтов с учетом их снижения при динамическом воздействии

In recent years, despite the negative impact of global warming on permafrost, there has been an increase in the length of railways in the Arctic zone. The bearing capacity of thawing permafrost soils at the base of the roadbed is reduced, especially under the influence of increased vibrodynamic load, therefore, the study of their strength characteristics is becoming increasingly relevant. The article examines the adhesion and the angle of internal friction of thawing soil, and presents the results of triaxial tests using the method of orthogonal experiments. The patterns of changes in the strength characteristics of thawing soil under the influence of such factors as the initial temperature of soil samples, humidity and the load stage are determined. Based on the method of dispersion analysis (ANOVA), the influence of initial temperature of soil samples, humidity and the load stage on the strength characteristics of the soil was studied. Based on the results of triaxial tests, the regression equations of the dynamic coupling and the dynamic angle of internal friction were obtained. The results of the research can be used to calculate the bearing capacity of thawing permafrost soils at the base of the roadbed.

Hydration Absorption and Thermal Effects of Outcrop Porous Sandstone Based on Intelligent Experimental and Infrared Thermography Techniques

Sandstones are enriched in deep energy reservoirs and also exist as outcrop rocks, where the pore characteristics of sandstone are influenced by hydration absorption and thermal effects. To study the influence of the initial temperature on the hydration absorption characteristics of outcrop porous sandstone in the Mogao Grottoes, China, an intelligent experimental device for rock hydration was used. The hydration absorption characteristics and temperature effects of sandstone were analyzed by using infrared thermography techniques to monitor the infrared radiation characteristics of the sandstone’s surface during hydration absorption. The experimental results show that the higher the initial temperature of the rock samples, the shorter the time it takes for the sandstone to absorb enough water to reach saturation. The temperature variation of sandstone with different initial temperatures was also determined; the variation in the hydration absorption of sandstone conforms to certain rules, which can be expressed by formulae containing certain parameters. The changing trend of hydration absorption in outcrop porous sandstone shows that the hydration absorption increases rapidly at first, and then the rate of increase slows down until the hydration absorption remains unchanged after saturation. The experimental technique and method provide feasible means and techniques to evaluate the hydration absorption and thermal effects of outcrop porous sandstone, for further detecting the weathering degree of rock grottoes and revealing the damage mechanisms.

Effect of sample temperature on femtosecond laser ablation of copper

We conduct an experimental study supported by theoretical analysis of single laser ablating copper to investigate the interactions between laser and material at different sample temperatures, and predict the changes of ablation morphology and lattice temperature. For investigating the effect of sample temperature on femtosecond laser processing, we conduct experiments on and simulate the thermal behavior of femtosecond laser irradiating copper by using a two-temperature model. The simulation results show that both electron peak temperature and the relaxation time needed to reach equilibrium increase as initial sample temperature rises. When the sample temperature rises from 300 K to 600 K, the maximum lattice temperature of the copper surface increases by about 6500 K under femtosecond laser irradiation, and the ablation depth increases by 20%. The simulated ablation depths follow the same general trend as the experimental values. This work provides some theoretical basis and technical support for developing femtosecond laser processing in the field of metal materials.

Experimental study on the sintering characteristics of biomass ash

The alkaline metal content in biomass is high, which leads to a low initial sintering temperature. Therefore, during the process of direct biomass combustion for power generation, there are serious problems such as ash deposition and slagging on the heating surface, which has become a technical bottleneck for the safe, stable and long-term operation of boilers. In industry, the melting characteristics of ash are commonly used to guide boiler design and operation. However, traditional measurement of ash melting temperature has a large subjective error, and the releasing of alkaline metals during the measurement process results bit higher value, which affects the accuracy of the measured characteristic temperature. Comparingly, the initial sintering temperature is lower than the deformation temperature of the ash. This article provides a device for measuring the sintering temperature of biomass ash by using the pressure drop method. A novel two ash chamber system was invented, in which the alkali element released from the first ash chamber was captured by the downstream second ash chamber to compensate the escaping of alkali element. The initial sintering temperature of the second ash chamber has more accuracy with lower value than that measured by the traditional single sample chamber. XRD was used to analyze the mineral composition and causes of sintering of the ash samples before and after sintering. The results show that the sintering mechanisms of different types of biomass are different. In addition, combined with SEM analysis of rice husk, fruit core, rapeseed straw, and corn straw, the results show that the initial sintering temperature of the ash samples measured by the double chamber measurement method is more accurate than that measured by the single chamber measurement method, further validating the reliability of the two ash column system.

Oxidation and Reduction of Polycrystalline Cerium Oxide Thin Films in Hydrogen.

This study investigates the oxidation state of ceria thin films' surface and subsurface under 100 mTorr hydrogen using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We examine the influence of the initial oxidation state and sample temperature (25-450 °C) on the interaction with hydrogen. Our findings reveal that the oxidation state during hydrogen interaction involves a complex interplay between oxidizing hydride formation, reducing thermal reduction, and reducing formation of hydroxyls followed by water desorption. In all studied conditions, the subsurface exhibits a higher degree of oxidation compared to the surface, with a more subtle difference for the reduced sample. The reduced samples are significantly hydroxylated and covered with molecular water at 25 °C. We also investigate the impact of water vapor impurities in hydrogen. We find that although 1 × 10-6 Torr water vapor oxidizes ceria, it is probably not the primary driver behind the oxidation of reduced ceria in the presence of hydrogen.

Evaluation of osmodehydration and vacuum-assisted osmodehydration as pre-treatments during fruit drying process: The effect on drying rates, effective water diffusion and changes in product quality

This work evaluates the effect of applying osmodehydration (OD40 at atmospheric pressure) and pulsed-vacuum osmodehydration (ODVP40, at 498 mmHg) as pre-treatments before apple (cv. Granny Smith) drying. The pre-treatments were evaluated in terms of time-dependent free moisture content (MK), drying rates (DR), effective water diffusion (D), product shrinkage and color changes. The ODVP40 pre-treated samples (40 °Brix grape juice at 40 °C) had a higher total soluble solids content (p < 0.05) and lower moisture content (p < 0.05). Drying experiments were performed at three temperatures (50, 60, and 70 °C) and 3.5 m/s air-flow. Page model best fitted the MK (R2 >0.996) and DR (R2 >0.827). A response surface model was used to estimate the Page model parameters as a function of the initial sample's temperature (T) and total soluble solids concentration (SSo). D values (considering product shrinkage) were computed as 3.56–5.48 × 10−10 m2/s, 6.86–14.35 × 10−10 m2/s, 30.70–72.81×10–10 m2/s for fresh, OD40 and ODVP40 apple, respectively.

Differential Calorimetric Sensor for Rapid H2O2 Quantification in Industrial Solutions

Introduction: A simple and inexpensive differential calorimetric sensor for rapid hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) quantification in industrial solutions was developed, characterized, and validated. An earlier method proposed by the authors, on which the developed sensor is based, was enhanced, allowing overcoming the issues with its practical application. Thus, the following goals were achieved: a response time of 195 s from sampling to the analytical result; the elimination of the influence of initial sample temperature on the precision of the result by a differential mode of measurement application; the elimination of the result precision degradation caused by the parasitic heat produced by the sample stirrer. A linear quantification range from 0.05 to 1.5 mol L-1 H2O2 with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.035 mol L-1 H2O2 was reached by applying disposable catalyst holders with a lifetime of more than 50 quantifications. The catalyst surface area to sample volume ratio adjustment allows the sensor’s analytical characteristics adaptation to the industrial-technological process requirements. Background: Hydrogen peroxide is used as a reagent in the technological processes of several industrial branches, and the simple and fast monitoring of its concentration is critical for the maintenance of technological process stability. The common disadvantages of the existing sensors are the complex and long measuring procedures requiring sophisticated equipment and qualified personnel. Objective: This study’s objective is the development of a simple and inexpensive calorimetric sensor and measuring instrument for rapid H2O2 quantification in industrial solutions by nonqualified personnel. The sensor is based on the significant improvement of the reagent-less calorimetric method proposed by the authors earlier, allowing its simple and precise practical application. Drawbacks such as the result of precision degradation by the initial sample temperature and by parasitic heat production during the measurement were overcome by obtaining an economical, simple, rapid, and precise sensor. Methods: The temperature increase resulting from the heat generated during the catalytic H2O2 decomposition was recorded as a sensor response. A simple and inexpensive disposable acrylic ring covered by MnO2 serves as a specific catalyst for H2O2 decomposition. The sensor analytical characteristics were evaluated, and permanganate approach validation was conducted. Results: The developed sensor showed a linear response to H2O2 from 0.05 to 1.5 mol L-1 with a LOD of 0.035 mol L-1 and LOQ of 0.115 mol L-1 under optimized experimental conditions. The catalyst surface area to sample volume ratio adjustment allows the sensor’s analytical characteristics adaptation to the industrial process requirements. The results were validated using the permanganate approach application, obtaining recovery values of 98.7%–101.4%. Conclusion: A simple and economic calorimetric sensor for quick hydrogen peroxide quantification in industrial solutions was developed, characterized, and validated. Disposable catalyst-loaded rings were employed allowing 50 successive quantifications of 1 mol L-1 H2O2 with a relative error of 1.08%. The sensor construction enables easy catalyst replacement and adjustment of its analytical characteristics to the industrial technology requirements using catalyst rings with various catalyst surface areas.

Separation of α-Lactalbumin Enriched Fraction from Bovine Native Whey Concentrate by Combining Membrane and High-Pressure Processing.

Whey exhibits interesting nutritional properties, but its high β-Lactoglobulin (β-Lg) content could be a concern in infant food applications. In this study, high-pressure processing (HPP) was assessed as a β-Lg removal strategy to generate an enriched α-Lactalbumin (α-La) fraction from bovine native whey concentrate. Different HPP treatment parameters were considered: initial pH (physiological and acidified), sample temperature (7-35 °C), pressure (0-600 MPa) and processing time (0-490 s). The conditions providing the best α-La yield and α-La purification degree balance (46.16% and 80.21%, respectively) were 4 min (600 MPa, 23 °C), despite the significant decrease of the surface hydrophobicity and the total thiol content indexes in the α-La-enriched fraction. Under our working conditions, the general effects of HPP on α-La and β-Lg agreed with results reported in other studies of cow milk or whey. Notwithstanding, our results also indicated that the use of native whey concentrate could improve the β-Lg precipitation degree and the α-La purification degree, in comparison to raw milk or whey. Future studies should include further characterization of the α-La-enriched fraction and the implementation of membrane concentration and HPP treatment to valorize cheese whey.

Tensile properties variation along the thickness direction of hot rolled austenitic stainless steel

In the present work, single-pass hot rolling on 304LN austenitic stainless steel has been performed at initial sample temperatures of 900 °C, 1000 °C and 1100 °C. Tensile samples have been prepared from different thickness layers of the rolled samples to study the through-thickness tensile properties variation. Similarly, the microstructure of the rolled samples has been examined at the mid-thickness and subsurface through the electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) technique. For samples rolled at an initial temperature of 900 °C and 1100 °C, a significant difference in ultimate tensile strength (UTS) has been observed for the surface. The sample rolled at an initial temperature of 1000 °C does not show much difference in UTS values along the thickness direction. However, a significant deviation in total elongation has been seen for the surface sample. The difference in the tensile behavior (plastic deformation) has been studied by considering the strain hardening exponent (n), strength coefficient (K) and strain hardening rate (θ). In the end, the through-thickness tensile properties are correlated to the developed microstructure and texture. Both microstructure and texture played an important role in the through-thickness tensile behavior.

Laser-driven first-order spin reorientation and Verwey phase transitions in magnetite Fe3O4 beyond the range of thermodynamic equilibrium

Ultrafast photo-induced phase transitions occurring under the impact of femtosecond laser pulses provide versatile opportunities for switching solids between distinctly-different crystalline, electronic, and magnetic states and thus modify their functional properties in a significant way. In this paper, we report on the laser-induced spin reorientation and Verwey phase transitions in a single crystalline ferrimagnetic magnetite ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$. Using femtosecond optical and magneto-optical pump-probe techniques, we define the range of the initial sample temperatures and laser fluences when partial or complete photo-induced phase transitions occur from a monoclinic insulating to a cubic metallic state with concomitant switching of magnetic anisotropy from the uniaxial to the cubic one. We thus reveal a connection between these phase transitions when driven by femtosecond laser pulses. Using transient linear and quadratic magneto-optical effects, we examine magnetization dynamics launched the switching of the magnetic anisotropy axis. We unveil the presence of the domains undergoing the laser-induced phase transitions even below the established threshold fluence for the transitions, as well as when the material is initially in the cubic phase. This is the manifestation of the first order of these both laser-induced phase transitions beyond the range of thermodynamic equilibrium.

Experimental constraints on the stability and oscillation of water vapor film—a precursor for phreatomagmatic and explosive submarine eruptions

Pre-mixing of magma and external water plays a key role in driving explosive phreatomagmatic and submarine volcanic eruptions. A thin film of water vapor forms at the magma–water interface as soon as hot magma comes in direct contact with the cold water (Leidenfrost effect). The presence of a stable vapor film drives efficient mixing and mingling between magma and water, as well as magma and wet and water-saturated sediments. Such mixing occurs before explosive molten fuel–coolant type interactions. Using high-temperature laboratory experiments, we investigate the effect of magma and water temperatures on the stability of vapor film, which has not been performed systematically for a magmatic heat source. The experiments were performed with re-melted volcanic rock material, from which spherically-shaped rock samples were produced. These samples were heated to 1,110°C and then submerged in a water pool with a constant temperature (3–93°C). The experiments were recorded on video, and, synchronously, sample and water temperatures were measured using thermocouples. The time-dependent thickness of the vapor film was measured from the video material. The vapor film tends to oscillate with time on the order of 102 Hz. We find that the vertical collapse rates of vapor films along the sample–water interfaces are 13.7 mm s−1 and 4.2 mm s−1 for water temperatures of 3.0°C and 65°C, respectively. For a given initial sample temperature, the thickness and stability time scales decrease with decreasing water temperature, which has implications for the efficiency of pre-mixing required for explosive eruptions. Using thermodynamics and previously measured material parameters, it is shown that a sudden collapse of the vapor film can start brittle fragmentation of the melt and thus serves as the starting point of thermohydraulic explosions.

Femtosecond laser-induced Cu plasma spectra at different laser polarizations and sample temperatures

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a good technique for detecting and analyzing material elements due to the plasma emission produced by the high-power laser pulse. Currently, a significant topic of LIBS research is improving the emission intensity of LIBS. This study investigated the effect of laser-polarization on femtosecond laser-ablated Cu plasma spectra at different sample temperatures. The measured lines under circularly polarized lasers were higher than those under linearly and elliptically polarized lasers. The enhancement effect was evident at higher Cu temperatures when comparing the plasma spectra that have circular and linear polarizations for different target temperatures. To understand the influence of laser-polarization and sample temperature on signal intensity, we calculated the plasma temperature (PT) and electron density (ED) . The change in PT and ED was consistent with the change in the atomic lines as the laser polarization was being adjusted. When raising the Cu temperature, the PT increased while the ED decreased. Raising the Cu temperature whilst adjusting the laser-polarization is effective for improving the signal of femtosecond LIBS compared to raising the initial sample temperature alone or only changing the laser polarization.

Time-resolved structural dynamics of the out-of-equilibrium charge density wave phase transition in GdTe3.

We use ultrafast electron diffraction to study the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of the charge density wave (CDW) phase transition in GdTe3, a quasi-two-dimensional compound displaying a unidirectional CDW state. Experiments were conducted at different incident fluences and different initial sample temperatures below Tc. We find that following photo-excitation, the system undergoes a non-thermal ultrafast phase transition that occurs in out-of-equilibrium conditions. The intrinsic crystal temperature was estimated at each time delay from the atomic thermal motion, which affects each Bragg peak intensity via the Debye Waller factor. We find that the crystal temperature stabilizes with a 6 ps timescale in a quasi-equilibrium state at temperature . We then relate the recovery time of the CDW and its correlation lengths as a function of . The charge density wave is suppressed in less than a picosecond while its recovery time increases linearly with incident fluence and initial temperature. Our results highlight that the dynamics is strongly determined by the initial sample temperature. In addition, the transient CDW phase recently observed along the transverse direction in LaTe3 and CeTe3 is not observed in GdTe3.

Heat transfer enhancement on saturated porous samples using electrostatic precipitator process in k-ε turbulent model

An influence of the electrostatic precipitator process was numerically investigated for heat transfer enhancement on saturated porous samples in a k-ε turbulent model. The condition of the water entering a test section was the inlet temperature was 30 oC (303 K), and inlet velocity was tested in the range of 1 – 2.5 m/s. The electrical voltage and time varied between 0 – 30 kV and 0 – 1 s, respectively. The initial temperature of saturated porous samples was 10 oC (283 K), and both first and second samples were set in semicircle shapes. The numerical results within the water channel showed that the electric field and electric potential zone appeared and were concentrated when using the electrostatic precipitator process. The high electric voltage could increase disturbance and turbulence within the water channel. The maximum flow field zone appeared above the saturated porous sample area, and the maximum velocity field increased with the inlet velocity and electrical voltage. The maximum pressure was increased to the high voltages, but the pressure was marginally increased with high inlet velocity. The vorticity contour for an electrostatic precipitator process was more concentrated than without the electrostatic precipitator process. Therefore, the temperature contour line in case of high inlet velocity, electrical voltage, and time can be more disturbing than the other cases. In addition, heat from the water was transferred within the sample, so the temperature within the porous sample gradually increased. The fluid velocity within the front porous sample was more within the saturated porous samples than within the porous back sample. Therefore, the flow could move through and within the samples and induce temperature within both saturated porous samples. Finally, the heat transfer within samples was enhanced by fluid flow in the water channel, so the local heat transfer coefficient within samples was induced by the fluid velocity in the water channel.