Initial Sales Research Articles

주택청약제도의 개선에 관한 연구 - 무순위 청약제도를 중심으로

Unranked subscription refers to a system in which subscriptions and wins are made regardless of the subscription ranking. Depending on its main contents, there are 'unranked post-subscription' methods, 'random supply', and 'resupply contract canceled housing'. These unranked subscriptions do not require a subscription bankbook when accepting subscriptions, and are characterized by the application of exceptions recognized as homeless members, and if there is a large market margin compared to the initial sale price, the subscription competition rate ranges from as few as several thousand to as many as several million. Although one of the purposes of the housing subscription system is to select applicants for sale and supply housing based on the timing of subscription of resident savings products, if you look at the status of unranked subscriptions, it is very difficult to win due to fierce competition, but if you win, it is also called a very good so-called Lotto subscription. In this study, matters related to the improvement of the unranked subscription system were presented. In the case of a large amount of market profit through deliberation, the amount of unranked subscription should be purchased from the public and then sold so that the profit can be used only for residential welfare purposes. Providing the processing of unranked housing to the general public in the form of a sale at a high competition rate would be a more efficient processing method to purchase and process it in the public rather than paying the general subscriber a relative deprivation and a lot of consumptive effects on utility.

Geothermal Power, and a Battery as Well

One of geothermal energy’s key advantages is that it’s always on. But making money selling power increasingly requires being able to react to shifts in electric prices by adjusting production up and down. The fact this is a concern now is an indication of the ambition of a new generation of companies that have shown it is possible to use horizontal drilling and fracturing to build subsurface heat exchangers to harvest large amounts of geothermal energy. The geologic potential is huge—there are a lot of places with hot rock at a drillable depth. But monetizing that potential will require grabbing a sizeable share of the market in big states such as California and Texas where the price of electricity can sink toward zero when sunny conditions allow maximum solar power production, and then rebound as the sun sets. This is a pressing concern for Houston-based Fervo Energy because it is one of the first firms in a small pack of innovators to reach the point where it is building a large scale power plant using this emerging technology. Unlike wind and solar, it can deliver power on demand, similar to coal, gas, and nuclear-powered plants that supply baseload power to the electric market. Fervo’s founders play up its ability to deliver power on demand, but they resist the label baseload power provider because, as Jack Norbeck, chief technology officer and cofounder of Fervo, said, “In the future, baseload power will be a thing of the past.” Baseload power plants are not yet an endangered species. There are still large, mostly old fossil-fueled plants providing baseload power that are still around because they were paid for long ago. However, their numbers are declining as they wear out and are hit with demands for costly emission reductions. The initial sales by Fervo’s Cape Station project in Utah will provide baseload power to southern California power suppliers, complying with a unique California rule that requires them to source low-carbon power supplies that are available 24/7. But for new geothermal companies to sell enough power to become significant players in US power markets, they will need to provide what the electricity business describes as “more flexible, dispatchable power.” Big baseload plants ruled the power universe back when regulators set rates high enough to maintain a sizable surplus of generating capacity—ensuring the lights stayed on. Now, in markets such as Texas and California, power pricing rises and falls based on supply and demand, with selling at all times sometimes resulting in very low payments during peak production periods for solar and wind. This is particularly true during seasons where days tend to be sunny and windy with moderate temperatures. “If you are consuming electricity, particularly in the spring and fall, it is an extremely clean grid you are pulling from,” said Christian Gradl, vice president of operations for Fervo during a panel at this year’s Offshore Technology Conference.

Review Paper - Study on Product Life Cycle of Netflix

The product life cycle (PLC) is a theoretical framework that delineates the stages a product traverses throughout its existence in the market. The concept encapsulates four principal phases: introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. During the introduction stage, a product is launched, initial sales are modest, and companies typically invest heavily in marketing and distribution. As the product gains traction, it enters the growth phase, marked by exponential sales growth, intensified competition, and rising profitability. Subsequently, the product transitions into the maturity stage, characterized by a plateau in sales growth, increased competition, and a focus on differentiation strategies. Finally, the decline stage ensues, where sales decline due to market saturation, changing consumer preferences, or technological advancements. Companies may opt to discontinue the product or pursue rejuvenation efforts to prolong its lifespan. Understanding the product life cycle aids businesses in formulating effective strategies for product development, marketing, pricing, and resource allocation across its lifecycle stages.

Analisis Penerapan Akuntansi Syariah Berdasarkan Pernyataan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan (PSAK) 102 Tentang Pembiayaan Murabahah Pada Pt. Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah Metro Madani (BPRS Metro Madani)

In raising funds, Islamic banks accept deposits from the public. At the same time, Islamic banks provide services in the form of financing and investment as well as distributing money. Financing at Islamic banks is one of the pillars of banking. Sharia banks offer several types of financing, including murabahah financing. This study delves into the murabahah financing practices at PT. Metro Madani BPRS, conducted through a qualitative approach examining written and spoken evidence. Murabahah, a key Islamic finance tool, involves the bank purchasing goods upon customer orders and reselling them with a pre-determined profit margin. Unlike conventional banks, PT. Metro Madani avoids speculative inventory purchase. Murabahah goods are valued at their initial sales price and recognized in the financial statements. The murabahah profit margin is initially equal to the purchase price plus the agreed profit. However, at the end of each reporting period, the profit margin is revalued to its net present value, ensuring accurate financial representation. Murabahah receivables are reported at their realized value after adjusting for potential losses, while deferred margins and payments are presented as deductions from their respective receivable and liability accounts. Notably, murabahah liabilities also reflect their realized value, further emphasizing transparency and risk management. This practice adheres to Financial Accounting Standards (PSAK) 102, ensuring accurate and reliable financial reporting of murabahah financing at PT. Metro Madani BPRS.

Research on Marketing Strategy Management based on Customer Retention

This paper aims to explore marketing strategy management based on customer retention to enhance a company's competitiveness in a highly competitive market. In today's business landscape, where competition is fierce and customer acquisition costs are high, customer retention has emerged as a crucial strategy for businesses to maintain profitability and achieve sustained success. Through a comprehensive literature review and empirical research, we delve into the concept of customer retention and its significance in marketing strategy management. Customer retention refers to the ability of a company to retain existing customers and foster their loyalty over time. It goes beyond simply acquiring new customers and recognizes the value of nurturing and maintaining relationships with existing ones. By examining the interrelationship between customer retention and marketing strategy management, we shed light on the various strategies and tactics that companies can employ to enhance customer retention. This includes not only focusing on the initial sale but also on building long-term customer relationships. We delve into the importance of understanding customer needs, preferences, and behaviors to develop targeted marketing approaches that resonate with customers on a personalized level. Based on the literature review and empirical research, we propose a theoretical framework for analyzing the key factors and influencers of customer retention. This framework takes into account factors such as customer satisfaction, loyalty programs, and customer service, which have been identified as critical drivers of customer retention. By understanding and addressing these factors, companies can implement effective strategies to improve customer retention rates. Ultimately, the adoption of effective customer retention strategies can lead to sustainable competitive advantages for businesses. By reducing customer churn, increasing customer loyalty, and maximizing customer lifetime value, companies can differentiate themselves in the market, increase market share, and achieve long-term profitability.

Readiness of Micro-Enterprises from 4th and 5th Class Municipalities of Nueva Vizcaya in Adapting Balanced Scorecard

Performance measure is important in a company’s strategic planning and business operation, and one usually used performances assessor is the balanced scorecard (BSC) by Kaplan and Norton. Adaption of BSC is common among large and medium enterprises, but rare in micro-enterprises. This study quantitatively assessed the readiness of micro-enterprises in 4th and 5th class municipalities in Nueva Vizcaya in adapting BSC using the four perspectives: financial, customer, internal business process, and learning and growth, and their relationship among profile categories: initial capitalization, number of employees, years of business operation, and average annual sales. Snowball sampling was used to select 100- Department of Trade in Industry (DTI) accredited businesses in Ambaguio, Diadi, Quezon and Villaverde who were given survey questionnaires to accomplish. The study finds out that profile of respondents in terms of initial capitalization, number of employees, years of business operation, and average annual sales. The study revealed that micro-enterprises are most ready to adopt BSC based on financial perspective. Moreover, there is a moderately significant relationship in terms of initial capitalization and average annual sales and their readiness in adapting BSC, nonetheless, there is no indicator of connection in number of employees and longevity. Recommendations were crafted for business owners, future researchers and faculty for the use of the results and revisions of this study.

Pengaruh rasio kinerja keuangan pada harga saham perusahaan prospektus

The purpose of this study is to analyze whether there is an influence on the ratio of financial performance to stock prices. Financial performance ratios are proxied using Return on Assets, Debt to Equity Ratio, Earnings Per Share, Price Earning Ratio and stock prices are proxied using Price to Book Value. This type of quantitative research uses multiple linear regression data analysis techniques and secondary data with a sample of prospectus companies that conducted initial public sales on the stock market or IPO in 2021. The results showed that Return on Asset (ROA) and Price Earning Ratio (PER) have a significant influence on stock prices. The implication of this study is that prospectus companies that conduct an initial public offering or IPO can further increase the factors that affect the Return on Asset ratio in generating profits and maintaining the effectiveness of the company's operational activities in order to increase the company's return on investment. The difference with other studies is that research is conducted on companies that have just sold their shares for the first time so that investors can consider choosing shares of prospectus 2021 companies by paying attention to the level of financial performance ratio.

Digital Training for Micro-Entrepreneurs: Experimental Evidence from Guatemala

Abstract Previous literature shows minor impacts of in-person business training in developing countries, but few papers study the effectiveness of digital training. A research partnership with a multinational company operating in the food sector of Guatemala enables the randomized evaluation of a digital training program involving the franchise store owners of one of its retail chains. The training program combined a mobile app offering access to reproducible video capsules and virtual one-on-one consulting meetings. The results of the randomized evaluation reveal significant impacts on knowledge, business practices, sales, and profits. An examination of the mechanisms underlying these results reveals that consulting meetings are crucial in inducing engagement with the app’s content. Program flexibility, internet access, and initial sales are also crucial determinants of training effectiveness.

Identification and analysis of enterprise risks in the open product innovation: the case of Volkswagen Brazil

PurposeThe problem statement is how to identify and analyze the corporate risks involved in the relationships with external agents involved in the open product innovation process (OPIP)? Seeking to extend this investigation, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the enterprise risks identified in corporate relations with external agents of the OPIP. This study proposes the systematization of the process of identification and analysis of the enterprise risks involved in the process of open product innovation.Design/methodology/approachThe case explored in this study is the OPIP of Volkswagen do Brasil (VWB), one of the most important subsidiaries of the Volkswagen Group. Criteria were selected to both assessing corporate relations with external agents of the open innovation of VWB and analyzing the enterprise risks identified in these relations. Data collection included interviews with management-level professionals engaged in the OPIP activities and technical visits to a VWB’s industrial plant.FindingsResults demonstrate that the enterprise risks mostly affecting the OPIP have a critical impact on the manufacturing process and initial sales of the new product.Originality/valueThe originality of the study focuses on the proposal of a systematization of how to identify and analyze the corporate risks involved in the process of open product innovation. The study focuses on the theoretical frontier on the open innovation and enterprise risk management (ERM) in the open innovation process.

Enhancing Car Showroom Profitability through K-Means Clustering for Customer Segmentation

Indonesia is known to be one of Southeast Asia’s largest markets for used cars. Used car showrooms in Indonesia are numerous and varied, some focus on one car brand, some focus on the lower middle class, some focus on the upper middle class, and some provide all types of cars. One of them is PQR Showroom, Even though PQR Showroom was able to generate such a great amount of sales, the profits generated by the PQR showroom are not proportional to the amount of capital invested. To increase the profit, we proposed the solution using descriptive analytics and prescriptive analytics using K-Means. We also carry out simulations by comparing sales in existing years with the results of the descriptive and prescriptive analytics that have been made for the expected profit. The results show that the simulation comparison with the data we have obtained from descriptive and prescriptive analysis gives the best-expected profit compared to the initial sales results at the PQR Showroom. It shows that the data using descriptive and K-Means is great than before. The fastest cars that have been sold is LCGC and the most wanted car is MPY Toyota Avanza and the best profit that can generate is SUV Toyota Fortuner.

The seller's status‐signaling fallacy

AbstractThe present research introduces the seller's status‐signaling fallacy: Sellers tend to use status signals to attract buyers, but buyers actually prefer sellers who do not signal status. Across six studies we demonstrate the effect using different operationalizations of status and various products for sale. Study 1 demonstrates this effect in contexts where sellers and buyers make initial sales connections. Study 2 replicates the effect in transaction situations where the buyer actually chooses the seller from whom to buy. Studies 3a and 3b reveal a novel mediation model according to which the seller's status signaling is perceived by buyers as an unsuccessful impression management attempt, which ultimately leads those buyers to prefer sellers who do not try to impress them through status signaling. Finally, studies 4a and 4b demonstrate the robustness of the effect in an incentivized setting and explore boundary conditions. This work enriches the growing literature on status signals in two ways. First, it shows that sellers mistakenly believe that such signaling is beneficial for them. Second, contrary to accepted wisdom, it shows that such signaling repels buyers. In the gig‐economy era, where everyone can become a seller in the marketplace, these findings are highly applicable.

Global responses to the COVID-19 pandemic by recreational anglers: considerations for developing more resilient and sustainable fisheries.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11160-023-09784-5.

Great Britain's spatial twitter activity related to ‘fracking’

Fracking has proven to be a contentious issue in Great Britain, receiving wide press coverage from the initial sale of exploration and development licences, to the current moratorium. This research tracks the public activity online related to this ‘fracking’ journey by analysing over 317 million geolocated tweets from 2015 to 2020, mapping their location to compare the spatial distribution against the shale gas exploration sites. To spatially normalise the results for population density a χ-squared expectation surface was generated revealing higher than expected levels of interest near the previously active fracking site of Preston New Road and licenced extraction blocks in Lancashire. The data granularity allows for peaks of activity to be identified and topics analysed at higher temporal and spatial resolution than previously possible with more traditional surveys. The paper demonstrates the use of χ-squared expectation surfaces for normalising geotweets and the value of social media spatial-temporal analysis for monitoring local involvement in environmental issues, and for monitoring the changing level of interest across different regions in reaction to political decisions.

Emissions Reductions from Electrifying High-Mileage Vehicles

This paper evaluates a strategy that would target sales of internal combustion vehicles driven at high annual mileage for displacement by electric vehicles at the time of initial sale. Using the 2017 National Household Travel Survey data, we observe that the top 20% of light duty vehicles by kilometers traveled generate 46% of the annual greenhouse gas emissions. Displacing the sale of a combustion engine vehicle in the top mileage quintile with an electric vehicle would reduce annual greenhouse gas emissions and certain criteria pollutants by more than 15 times as much as displacing a vehicle in the bottom mileage quintile.

Customer development-product development dilemmas in startup firms: a qualitative investigation into founder's involvement

Purpose Entrepreneurship literature recognizes the founder’s involvement as a salient factor in determining the success of startups. Nevertheless, its role in conjunction with the marketing roles of founders has been relatively unexplored. Very little is known about how founder’s involvement in marketing tasks (i.e. developing products, sales and customers) helps attain success in early startups. To fill this knowledge gap, this study aims to qualitatively investigate the founder’s involvement under three vital functional areas (i.e. sales, customer development and product development) and also explain their entwined nature of the relationship as the early-stage startups grow to become a scalable businesses. Design/methodology/approach This study used purposive sampling for conducting in-depth interviews with 11 startup founders in the midwestern city of the USA. A constant comparative method was used to code the interview transcripts, while juxtaposing them with extant literature. Findings Using three levels of axial coding, this study identified 32 descriptive codes, 11 aggregate codes and 2 interpretive codes. Following this, the authors present five propositions that illustrate the relationship between founders’ involvement, customer development, product development and sales. Practical implications This study offers guidelines to founders on how they could generate initial sales, identify early customers and build and sustain mutually beneficial relationships with them. Originality/value This study contributes to the extant literature on entrepreneurship and innovation literature. It presents motivation and potential processes, including systematic activities performed by founders in generating sales in conjunction with customer development and product development, thereby making a novel contribution.

Detecting Chasms and Cracks Using Innovator Scores and Agent Interactions

In chasm theory, it is found from field data that many new products have an initial sales peak followed by a decline. In some cases, this decline lasts for a long period of time, which is named a chasm or crack. In this study, we model the phenomenon using innovator scores and agent-based modelling to understand the factors that cause it. We then conduct a sensitivity analysis of the exogenous variables that determine the behavior of the model. Specifically, we use innovator scores to classify users into innovator theory groups, and build an agent-based model. This study evaluates how cluster connectivity, which represents the word-of-mouth effect between each group, and product recognition range, which represents the advertising effect, affect the chasm or crack phenomenon and new product diffusion. Four scenarios are analyzed with different cluster connectivity and product recognition ranges. Additionally, for each scenario, we perform simulations that consider the interactions between agents and add considerations for new product diffusion measures. Evaluating this model using the behavioral and questionnaire data collected from users of an Online-to-Offline site, it is found that the parameters related to communication in the clusters are factors that cause the occurrence of chasms and cracks.

Pemodelan Sistem Pengelolaan Limbah Untuk Mengoptimalkan Siklus Limbah Plat Besi di PT. Maxima Daya Indonesia

Waste is still a problem that still has to be studied and understood in its management so that it does not accumulate and lead to fatal conditions in the environmental ecosystem. Therefore, this study was made with the aim of finding the factors causing the accumulation of iron plate waste at PT. Maxima Daya Indonesia to create a waste management strategy by maximizing the sale of waste inventory in the waste collection warehouse. This research is a descriptive study using dynamic systems research methods and looking for scheduling by calculating the ROP, then found 3 strategies to be compared to choose the one that is more optimal and efficient. The results of this research are 1. The problem of this research lies in the time of the initial waste sale, 36 working days which exceeds the volume limit of the waste container (1000 kg). 2. Scheduling strategy by finding the resulting ROP there are three, namely ROP 774,667 kg, ROP 1394 kg, ROP 968,317 kg. Of the three, the right waste sales proposal is ROP 774,667 with a sales period of 20 days / 12 times a year, and the ROP is still below the capacity limit of the waste bin.
 Keywords: System Dynamics, Reorder Point, Schedulling

후원의 관점에서 추급권 도입에 관한 고찰

The artist’s resale royalty right(droit de suite) of artworks is a rig ht in which an artist, namely, an original creator can claim for a certai n amount of loyalty to the parties of transaction whenever the works are resold again since the initial sale. The Article 10.10 of the Korea-EU FTA Agreement(Effective on Ju ly 1st 2011) prescribes the necessity to start exchanging the informat ion about practice and policies related to artist’s resale right, and to s tart discussions for reviewing the validity and feasibility for the introd uction of resale right in Korea within two years after the agreement c omes into effect while there is no concrete discussion yet. In order to legislate the resale right, there should be some research es that could present the measures for solving two predictable proble ms in case when introducing the resale right such as ⅰ) if a burden i s placed on the participants in the artwork market, the market could b e contracted, and ⅱ) even if the resale right is introduced, the effecti veness cannot be guaranteed as it is difficult to actually exercise the resale right due to the characteristic opaque transaction in the art mar ket. Regarding those problems for the introduction of resale right, this thesis aims to seek for the solution measures in terms of support. Cons idering the characteristics of other works and artworks, the considerat ion of resale right in terms of support could become the most persuas ive basis of argument for introducing the system of resale right. Thu s, after examining the characteristics of artworks and the concept of s upport in art, this study made suggestions for the legislation in terms of support regarding the problems with the introduction of resale righ t. The legal issue that should be the most preferentially organized in r elation to the introduction of resale right is about the legal nature of r esale right. Thus, this study examined that the legal nature of resale right would be based on the nature of moral right. After verifying that the introduction of resale right was originated from the concept of sup port, this study inferred that the recognition of resale right for resale of artworks should include the concept of support because purchasing an artwork would be a form of support for artworks based on the str ong originality of artworks. Based on such results of this study, this study presented the solutio n measures in terms of support in relation to the protection period of resale right required for the introduction of resale right, rate of resale right, the parties of resale right, and target artwork of resale right, an d a right to claim for information provision.

Pengembangan wirausaha olahan rumahan cemilan seker (Seblak Kering) di Kampung Bunut Babakan Desa Bangbayang

The pandemic caused a decline in performance from the demand side which ultimately had an impact on the supply side, namely termination of employment and the threat of default in credit payments. MSMEs in Bangbayang village also experienced a large decline in product sales. The average decline in sales of MSMEs in Bangbayang Village reached 51%. And operating profit of 51%. This resulted in a 69% decrease in capital. The purpose of this community service activity is to help SMEs in Bangshadow Village, especially MakaroniQue home-processed entrepreneurs by making new products to increase income. The method used in this activity is the lecture method and direct practice of making MakaroniQue business innovations. The implementation of the service has succeeded in developing a new product, namely dry seblak (SEKER). The program ran smoothly and received feedback as expected. The sale of new products shows potential business opportunities with increasing sales every week. Achievement in the manufacture of new products, sales increased by about 44 pcs compared to the initial sales which could only sell 20 pcs.

Underpricing Luxury: When a Lower Price Results in Higher Reputation

Determining the price point is a vexing problem for firms: price too high and there is no market, but price too low and money is left on the table. Complicating matters further, for many goods there is a secondary market where products can be resold following the initial sale by the firm. Here, the open market determines the price point that end consumers pay. Often that price is higher than the price offered by the firm for goods such as premium handbags, wine, high-end watches, and works of art, so the consumer will see the product’s quality or appeal validated by the market, which leads to a reputation gain for the firm. This phenomenon goes beyond physical products and includes a variety of services, such as live concerts, as reflected in their ticket prices in primary and secondary markets. However, the secondary market can also offer a lower price than the firm’s original offering, which hurts the firm’s reputation. Typically, the luxury market equates higher prices with higher status but neglects the impact of the secondary market. Our research considers the case where initially underpricing a good may be in a luxury firm’s long-term interest. Although underpricing has been used in initial public offering (IPO) markets to increase the firm’s reputation, it has been viewed as a problem or discouraged in other market industries. Our hypothesis is that reputation has long-term value for firms and, in industries where a visible secondary (i.e., resale) market exists for products, price increases after product release lead to gains in reputation as higher resale prices signal quality and value.