Social Infrastructure Services Research Articles

The importance of 'place' and its influence on rural and remote health and well-being in Australia.

This article explores the crucial role of 'place' as an ecological, social and cultural determinant of health and well-being, with a focus on the benefits and challenges of living rurally and remotely in Australia. The health system, including health promotion, can contribute actively to creating supportive environments and places that foster health and well-being among individuals residing in rural and remote locations. For First Nations peoples, living on Country, and caring for Country and its people, are core to Indigenous worldviews, and the promotion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and well-being. Their forced removal from ancestral lands has been catastrophic. For all people, living in rural and remote areas can deliver an abundance of the elements that contribute to a 'liveable' community, including access to fresh air, green and blue space, agricultural employment, tight-knit communities, a sense of belonging and identity, and social capital. However, living remotely also can limit access to employment opportunities, clean water, affordable food, reliable transport, social infrastructure, social networks and preventive health services. 'Place' is a critical enabler of maintaining a healthy life. However, current trends have led to a reduction in local services and resources, and increased exposure to the impacts of climate change. This commentary suggests ideas and strategies through which people in rural and remote locations can strengthen the liveability, resilience and identity of their communities, and regain access to essential health care and health promotion services and resources. Recommended strategies include online access to education, employment and telehealth; flexible provision of social infrastructure; and meaningful and responsive university-health service partnerships.

Does rural infrastructure resilience affect population loss? Empirical research based on spatial measurements

PurposeBy analyzing the mechanisms by which rural infrastructure resilience (RIR) impacted population loss in Longxi County, this study proposes measures to improve RIR, which provides a practical reference for realizing China's rural revitalization strategy, besides providing ideas for alleviating population loss in similar regions around the world.Design/methodology/approachThis study considered 213 administrative villages in Longxi County in the Longzhong loess hilly region as the evaluation unit. Based on the construction of a multidimensional RIR evaluation system, the spatial spillover effect of RIR on population loss was determined using the spatial Durbin model (SDM).FindingsThe average resilience of each subsystem of rural infrastructure in Longxi County was low, and there were large differences in the spatial distribution. The mean RIR index value was 0.2258, with obvious spatial directivity and agglomeration characteristics. The population loss index of Longxi County had a value of 0.1759, with 26.29 of villages having a high loss level. The population loss was relatively serious and was correlated with the spatial distribution of RIR. The villages with larger RIR index values had lower population loss. The RIR had a significant spatial spillover effect on population loss. Productive infrastructure resilience and living infrastructure resilience (LIR) had negative spillover effects on population loss, and social service infrastructure resilience (SSIR) had a positive spillover effect on population loss.Originality/valueBy analyzing the mechanisms by which RIR impacted on population loss in Longxi County, this study proposes measures to improve RIR, which provides a practical reference for realizing China's rural revitalization strategy, besides providing ideas for alleviating population loss in similar regions around the world.

Specifics of employment in rural areas of Kazakhstan

The employment of rural population in rural regions is the object of close attention from the state. The goal is to identify trends in the structure of the sphere of labor relations in the context of the transition to a post-industrial society and technological modernization of the economy. To conduct the research, general scientific and special methods were used: abstraction, analysis, synthesis and logical cognition. The results—employment and unemployment—are closely related socio-economic categories that characterize labor market policy. Its comparative assessment of urban and rural residents for 2022 is given. The activities of small-scale commodity structures located in rural areas on a regional basis are analyzed. Conclusions - priority directions of agricultural policy have been identified. The negative impact of problems that hinder the growth of labor potential is shown. Modern agricultural labor does not receive proper positive development due to the dissatisfaction of rural workers with their activities, the low level of mechanization of agricultural production sectors, and the material disinterest of workers. Ways of assistance in employment are proposed: development of small forms of entrepreneurship, including expansion and increase in the profitability of personal subsidiary plots and peasant farms; training and retraining of young rural workers and specialists as the main factor determining the growth of their professional mobility and competitiveness. It is necessary to create conditions under which agricultural enterprises and farmers would have the opportunity to work profitably, update fixed assets and equipment, master innovative resource-saving technologies, increase and modernize jobs in the social sector, infrastructure (transportation, storage, marketing of products), housing and communal services, rural construction.

Public-Private Partnerships in the Gulf Cooperation Council Region: Policy Discussions, Projects, Regulatory Frameworks, and Future Directions

This policy insights paper explores the development of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region over the past three decades and argues that although GCC states did not embark on a full-fledged experience with PPPs, unstable oil and gas prices are changing this approach. PPPs are increasingly gaining strong political support, and GCC states have made numerous reforms to the existing regulatory and institutional systems to enable a more extensive uptake of PPPs that encompasses a broader spectrum of social and economic infrastructure services. This article offers an overview of the historical development of PPPs in the GCC region since the 1990s, illustrating policy discussions and motivations for adopting PPPs, the meaning and types of PPP projects that have been implemented or planned in the region, and the most recent developments in the regulatory and institutional frameworks underpinning PPPs.

GEOSPATIAL ASPECTS OF FINANCIAL CAPACITY OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF TERNOPIL REGION

GEOSPATIAL ASPECTS OF FINANCIAL CAPACITY OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF TERNOPIL REGION

Kent çeperinde sosyal altyapı yoksunluğu: İstanbul’daki Esenler İlçesi Örneği

This paper emphasizes the significance of social infrastructure in understanding urban inequality. In addition to its economic opportunities, social infrastructure is one of the distinguishing characteristics of metropolitan areas. In cities of the 21st century, social infrastructure is not equally accessible to all residences. For the development and sustainability of urban life, social infrastructure is fundamental. In terms of establishing a sense of belonging and integration to contemporary urban life, social infrastructure is highly crucial especially for refugees and rural migrants who migrate to the periphery of big cities. By evaluating the findings of this study conducted in Esenler District, we aim to contribute to research dealing with urban inequalities in Istanbul from the perspective of social infrastructure.. To fill a gap in the literature, the social infrastructure of the Esenler District, which consists of rural-to-urban migration, refugee flow, and the working class in Istanbul's periphery, was analyzed by comparing it to other districts. The database created from various data sources and satellite images is presented with thematic maps. According to the findings, there is a significant divide between the central and peripheral districts of Istanbul in terms of social infrastructure. This inequality manifests itself in four ways: education, health, recreation, and fuel for housing. First, there are serious problems, such as the limited number of kindergartens, the high-class size in primary schools, and the poor quality of high schools in front of Esenler, which has a low education level. Second, there are only six healthcare centers in Esenler, where health services are inadequate compared to the central districts. Third, the green space cannot meet the recreational needs of the dense population in the district where unplanned and intensive construction has left no free space. Due to limited purchasing power, natural gas usage in Esenler is fairly low compared to central districts, despite the dense population. On the basis of these indicators, it has been concluded that the Esenler District, lacks the essential social infrastructure services necessary to maintain the city's health. Therefore, strengthening the social infrastructure on the urban periphery is a primary concern for developing a better understanding of urban inequalities, preventing problems, and making livable urban environments.

Reconstructing migratory network nodes to improve environmental management and conservation decisions: A case study of the common quail Coturnix coturnix as a biosensor

Public health risks are related to environmental management practices, and are essential to the understanding of ecosystem dynamics. The expansion of urbanized areas affects migratory bird networks and can impact the population sizes of migratory species and, in parallel, increase the risk of diseases carried by migratory species spreading into urban areas. Taking the European population of the common quail as a case study, we reconstructed its migratory network between Europe and the Maghreb using quail recoveries from the Italian Bird Ringing Scheme. We showed that soils at the central European migratory node have been degraded through urbanization and reforestation, decreasing the number of successful migrations over this area. Conceptual models incorporating the One Health approach, natural and social capital, landscape infrastructure, and ecosystem services could explain the relationships between climate warming and extensively developed, intensively developed, and urbanized ecosystems. Failed migratory flights of quail over central Europe highlight not only the problems of infrastructure design and their impact on ecosystems services, but also on One Health parameters. The damage to migratory network nodes presents a global threat to biodiversity and can increase the spread of diseases. To address this challenge we propose: i) improvements in land quality; ii) transboundary migration monitoring programmes; and iii) management plans for migratory birds – the overall aim being to optimize infrastructures to improve the quality of human life. Lessons drawn from a better understanding of the migratory networks of quail in relation to different ecosystems provide useful tools to improve infrastructure management and political decision making processes.

Comparison of Business Environment between Hainan Free Trade Zone and Hong Kong Free Trade Zone

The business environment is one of the key topics of current research. The researchers found that there is still a research gap in the comparison of the business environment between the Hainan Free Trade Zone and Hong Kong Free Trade Zone in China. Therefore, this paper analyzes the business environment of Hainan and Hong Kong through the six indicators of the business environment. They are soft environment, ecological environment, market environment, operating cost environment, social service environment and infrastructure environment. The paper studies some significant problems in the development of the business environment in Hainan. Hong Kong has done well in this same field because of its law and politics. Hainan can learn from Hong Kong in the field. However, there are also some problems such as a single industrial structure in Hongkong and the process of l\d registration being cumbersome, which can be solved by exchanging and cooperating with mainland companies as well as some innovative thoughts.

The marble cake of social services in Italy and Spain: Policy capacity, social investment, and the national recovery and resilience plans

This article analyses the potential implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for the infrastructure of social services in Italy and Spain. Drawing from the policy capacity framework and focusing on childcare and elderly care, we investigate how the National Recovery and Resilience Plans are likely to impact the core functions of the social investment approach. Through document analysis, the article shows that, whereas the infrastructure of the social service system remains characterised by a ‘marble cake’ type of institutional arrangement combining national and subnational responsibilities, attempts have been made by the central governments to steer the social investment policy capacity at the organisational and systemic levels. We argue that the pandemic represents a window of opportunity to rethink the overall system of intergovernmental relations in the field of social services.

Sustainable Development of Social and Engineering Infrastructure of Rural Areas Based on Corporate Social Responsibility

It is important to improve the socio-economic situation of rural residents worldwide, improve the quality of life, and reduce poverty. The development of rural areas in Kazakhstan is considered a strategic goal and the mechanisms for its development are constantly being improved. Nevertheless, the income of the population in priority rural regions of the country and the level of access to social and Engineering Infrastructure Services could be higher than the urban population. The study showed the importance of strengthening trilateral ties between the state, business representatives and society, increasing the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of local entrepreneurs in rural areas. The purpose of the study is to show the importance of CSR, as well as the state, in ensuring the highquality functioning of social and engineering infrastructure in rural areas of Kazakhstan. In the study of Zerenda and Korgalzhyn districts of Akmola region for the period from 2010 to 2021; The analysis of the state of the economic, demographic, and socio-engineering infrastructure of the Auliekol and Altynsarinsky districts of Kostanay region was carried out. As a result, socio-economic and infrastructure problems in rural areas of the country were identified. In particular: in order to solve the problems of reducing the number of specialists in the social sphere, access to drinking water, roads, transport, internet, etc., the state can develop social and engineering infrastructure of rural territories by creating conditions for the development of local entrepreneurs and increasing their CSR.

Exploring the Degree of Awareness of Medical Insurance and AB-PMJAY within Blue Collar Workers in Gurugram

Globally, Healthcare is recognized as a human right, either directly, or as a part of the broader right to life. Therefore, healthcare systems of most countries strive to ensure universal access to healthcare. The Public Healthcare system of India has undergone multiple reforms to achieve this. The most recent development was Ayushman Bharat and the National Health Policy of 2017, which sought to prioritize Universal Health Coverage. Most of the research in this field had been centered on national-level analysis on the feasibility, efficacy, and implementation of PMJAY and thus, there is a glaring need to examine the specific awareness, accessibility, and availability of Public Healthcare to the financially weaker sections of the society. The present study aims at examining the awareness and experiences with PMJAY, Medical Insurance, and the Public Healthcare system. A mix of qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to examine Public Healthcare, Medical Insurance, and Ayushman Bharat, including a survey and a qualitative schedule. The sample for the survey consisted of 48 blue-collar workers in Gurgaon. The data was interpreted through graphical representation and thematic analysis. It was found that migrants are less likely to be aware of Ayushman Bharat and that education level has a significant impact on the knowledge of the term medical insurance itself. Moreover, those with PMJAY cards had significantly lesser out-of-pocket expenditure. To address the issues found, awareness drives and camps specifically in migrant communities as well as the utilization of social service infrastructure like Community Service Centers was suggested.

Housing Security: Placing Brazil’s Social Housing Program in a Violent Context

Latin America’s ‘housing crisis’ affects 28 million lower-income households. In many Latin American countries, governments have developed housing policies to provide access to basic standard dwelling and to offer a route towards legal tenure at an affordable cost. Yet, they have failed to address violence and crime that beneficiaries are often exposed to. I argue that housing policies must take stronger efforts in accounting for urban security. To sustain that argument, I will trace Brazil’s attempts to provide a ‘secure future for beneficiaries by providing equal access for all to physical and social infrastructure and basic services, as well as adequate and affordable housing’ (UN Habitat 2017: 7). I refer to such policy directive as an incentive for national governments to pursue housing security. I primarily draw from academic literature on housing policies in Latin America, evaluations of Brazil’s contemporary housing program, and media outlets, and use parts of my own interviews with public administrators and beneficiaries of the housing program. Designing routes towards housing security, first and foremost by reinforcing the constitutionally granted right to housing along with guaranteeing the social function of property, must be central concerns of Brazil’s next federal government.

The role of social infrastructure services in developing the city centre planning: A framework for delivering sustainable cities in Jordan

The spatial planning system of the city centre requires the provision of social infrastructure central to support the development of new communities, therefore delivering of sustainable communities and places. The study seeks to explore specific issues relating the delivery of social infrastructure in/around city centre context in Jordan. At the commencement of this study, it was not known how social infrastructure services and facilities would be effectively planned in the city centres in Jordan. The primary research aim is to explore the role of social infrastructure services in developing the city center in Jordan. Using existing literature, this paper will review global social infrastructure services and facilities and explore specific issues related to the delivery of social infrastructure in/around city centres in the selected case study areas. The study uses two approaches to achieve the main objectives, the testing-out and exploratory approaches, adopting a mixed method approach by using comparative case study areas, and a geographical information science (GIS) tool. The research’s conclusion lies in devising a framework, consisting of a series of multi-faced recommendations related to planning social infrastructure services and facilities in/around city centre context and to inform the future development of the Jordanian cities. This framework can be developed further in order to inform wider work that is being undertaken in the developing countries cities. The significance of this study is that it is the first specifically examining the delivery of social infrastructure in/around city centre context. This therefore strongly contributes to the existing knowledge of the city centre development for designing sustainable communities.

SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF TERRITORIES ASIAN RUSSIA

Introduction. In the regions of Asian Russia, there are problems and contradictions in the development of the social sphere, differentiation of urban and rural settlements in terms of infrastructure provision, transport accessibility. Achieving social sustainability of the territories of Asian Russia is the most important condition for the long-term crisis-free development of these territories, maintaining national security and ensuring the national interests of the country.
 Purpose of the study was to develop and test a methodology for assessing the social sustainability of territories, which is both able to present a holistic vision of the situation, and on the other hand, to detail the key problems in terms of their spatial localization.
 Materials and methods. The material for the article was the statistical data of the Federal State Statistics Service for 27 territories of Asian Russia. The author’s methodology is based on the calculation of integral indices of social sustainability and involves ranking territories according to the availability of social infrastructure services, social security and the quality of the social environment.
 Results. The regions were differentiated according to the integral index of social stability, the purchasing power of wages and GRP per capita. The results of the study showed that, in general, for the regions of North Asia, it is necessary to determine the following as development priorities: health care, the labor market and the security of the social environment, material well-being and demographic development.
 The main conclusions and recommendations can be used by various legislative and executive authorities in improving the system for a comprehensive assessment of social sustainability and in developing programs for the socio-economic development of the regions of Asian Russia.

Food insecurity in pastoral communities of Ngorongoro conservation area, Tanzania

BackgroundFood insecurity increases the risks of hunger and malnutrition and remains a formidable health challenge in resource-poor settings. Pastoral communities, which are largely restricted to marginal lands, tend to experience heightened levels of food insecurity. However, empirical evidence of food insecurity for communities living on the edge of conservation areas is limited. This study assessed the prevalence and determinants of food insecurity in pastoral communities of Ngorongoro, Tanzania.MethodsData were collected through a household survey (n = 238), key informant interview and field observation. Food insecurity was measured through Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). Data were subjected to descriptive statistics, principal component analysis, and multivariate regression analysis.ResultsBased on three HFIAS domains, the surveyed communities experience anxiety and uncertainty about food supply (77.3% of the households), insufficient quality in terms of variety and preferences (74.1%), and insufficient food intake (55.9%). Overall, more than half (55%) of the households are food insecure. Multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics show that household food insecurity is independent of socio-demographic factors. Culture, environmental factors, and production system determine food access, food consumption practices, and overall household food security. The odds of food insecurity are higher in households whose location to the market exceeds 5 km [AOR (95% CI) = 6.20 (1.66–9.09)] and those reporting limited access to water [AOR (95% CI) = 1.09 (0.17–6.43]. A similar pattern is recorded in households not owning small stocks [AOR (95% CI) = 1.12 (0.41–1.65)] or donkeys [AOR (95% CI) = 1.19 (0.18–7.65)].ConclusionEmpirical evidence shows that the prevalence of food insecurity in the study community is high. This situation emanates from a wide range of factors including those linked to culture, physical environment, and production system. Thus, interventions are needed to leverage nutrition education, promote sustainable energy technologies, and develop strategic social service infrastructure in the community development zone. There is also a need to look into long-term settlement plans with the view to improve the welfare of the pastoral communities.

Carer Café in Taiwan: An Innovative Model Providing Caregiver Support for Older Adults

Physical places and environments play critical roles in shaping how people interact. This paper introduces an innovative Carer Café model in Taiwan with social infrastructure support and services for family caregivers caring for older adults. Carer cafés are community-based initiatives of Taiwan Association of Family Caregivers (TAFC), aiming to help carers recognizing their own needs and increase awareness of long-term care resources available. Through partnerships with local coffee shops, respite-focused services are provided. The “free coffee for two” campaign encourages family members and friends taking a caregiver out for a “respite coffee”. Carer Café has also become an important “third place” hosting respite programs and the “a shop within a shop” style creating designated space to build a sense of community. Pilot survey (n=375) showed 77% perceived reduced stress, 83% appreciated services provided, and 250% increased referrals within one year. Implications on impact and future opportunities will be discussed.

Affordable social infrastructure vs public-private partnership

The article is devoted to the problems of sustainable development of social infrastructure and social services, which are beyond the effective demand of large cities, cannot develop according to market laws, and provide the necessary level of infrastructure fullness. Despite 45.9% of private companies in the social sectors, the vast majority of real estate objects continue to be owned by the state, forming the need to find economic mechanisms for the development of state social infrastructure, outside of limited budget opportunities. The possibility of attracting private investment in new construction and reconstruction without alienating the ownership right to it makes public-private partnership (PPP) and the economic mechanism based on it have no alternative. However, its practical application suffers from asociality, leading to the appearance of state-owned facilities where private investors conduct exclusively commercial activities. The apparent budget savings lead the state, judicial and supervisory authorities in such territories to a strategic failure, reducing the number of state facilities operating at state prices, ignoring the requests of the population for affordable social infrastructure, increasing social tension in society. This work is aimed at studying the irrational behavior of private investors, the stability of which is provided by the PPP mechanism, where the state determines the necessary level of the sociality of infrastructure objects that best corresponds to the existing stratification of residents of a certain territory through competitive procedures and essential conditions of the future project. It is necessary to continue research on improving federal legislation, whose social neutrality leads to conflicting expectations of the parties from PPP, adding sensitivity to a wide range of risks, repelling private investment and investors, limiting infrastructure development only to budget opportunities. The development of an economic mechanism that ensures finding a balance of accessibility and market rationality of social facilities is not an easy task, which has many solutions taking into account the characteristics of a particular territory and its population

Availability of social services for families with disabled children in the context of the welfare state

The phenomenon of the welfare state is characterized by complexity of indicators. To determine in which areas the country is closer to the welfare state, various areas of social policy are analysed. In this article, we set out to investigate one of them, i.e., the accessibility of social services for children with disabilities. The European Union ensures the basic preconditions for the well-being of children with disabilities and emphasizes the compatibility of health, social and educational services (European Commission, 2021). In addition, Member States are free to introduce specific measures for social inclusion (COM, 2021). The well-being of children with disabilities is inseparable from that of adults, usually the family in which the children live. Depending on the child’s disability, the family has to devote time to the child’s special needs, so opportunities to function in society, such as working and earning an income, become dependent on the social assistance received for the disabled child. Research shows that participation in labour market processes reduces the social exclusion of families with children with disabilities and improves quality of life indicators in general (Stefanidis & Strogilos 2020). However, analysis of good practice is more common, while information about the lack of services that parents face difficulties remains overboard. Thus, our research contributes to a better understanding of how families raising children with disabilities use state-provided social services and what solutions and measures are needed to improve the quality of life of children with disabilities and their relatives. The practical implications of our article are revealed through the possibility of more confidently shaping the decisions and measures of the welfare state.The article presents results of a survey of 68 families with disabled children. Our research was conducted in Druskininkai municipality which has typical infrastructure of social services for the disabled and their families in Lithuania.Our study has shown that social services in Lithuania poorly meet needs of families with disabled children. Though social inclusion is one of the most important features of the welfare state, the provision of social services to disabled and their families goes beyond the concept in Druskininkai municipality at least. Families have little information about social guarantees and support provided by the state and municipality. The families are limited to services reported by health care and education institutions. Moreover, the most significant problem hindering social integration of disabled and their families is a small portion of disabled children using services of day care centre. As a result, children suffer at risk of social exclusion while disabled children’s parents lack of opportunities to fully participate in the labour market.Based on the results of the study we state that increasing the availability of social services that meet the needs of families with disabled children is a necessary social policy solution, without which the development of a welfare state in Lithuania is hardly possible.

СОЦІАЛЬНЕ СТАНОВИЩЕ ЯК ДЕТЕРМІНУЮЧА СКЛАДОВА МЕХАНІЗМУ УПРАВЛІННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНИМ РОЗВИТКОМ СЕЛА

Анотація. Досліджено стан і сучасні тенденції соціального розвитку села як детермінуючої складової механізму управління його економічним розвитком. Виявлено його основні проблеми, у тому числі пов’язані з демографічними процесами, міграцією, наявністю робочих місць, добробутом, доступністю до послуг соціальної інфраструктури. Доведено доцільність розроблення та реалізації інноваційної моделі соціального розвитку села, яка передбачає застосування комплексного підходу до розв’язання наявних проблем і ставить вимогу здійснення перетворень у системі та структурі механізмів державного регулювання цим процесом як на центральному, так і місцевому рівнях. Систематизовано стратегічні напрями щодо подолання негативних тенденцій соціального розвитку села в контексті формування інноваційної економіки, серед яких: Не просто створення нових робочих місць, а місць, привабливих перш за все для молоді. Формування суспільної думки щодо важливості і престижності аграрної праці шляхом гарантування дійової системи її соціальної мотивації та захисту. Усебічне сприяння відновленню і подальшому розвиткові соціальної інфраструктури села, зокрема таких важливих сфер, як культурно-побутове обслуговування, медичне забезпечення, будівництво впорядкованого та облаштованого житла. Подолання диспропорцій на рівні обслуговування сільських жителів. Розширення владних повноважень і можливостей громад у здійсненні процесу контролювання та стимулювання раціонального ресурсокористування на сільськогосподарських підприємствах усіх форм власності, залучення інвестицій у виробничу, соціальну та екологічну сфери сільських територій. Тобто з міста в село мають прийти нові технології, нові нестандартні форми управління, нові підходи до організації розподілу місцевих доходів і соціальних послуг. Дотримання обсягів мінімального фінансування розвитку села. Створення фонду підтримки розвитку соціального розвитку села за рахунок відрахувань господарських суб’єктів усіх форм власності в розмірі 1,5% від їхніх доходів. Упровадження пільгового оподаткування для новостворених підприємств на селі в разі інноваційного характеру їхньої виробничої діяльності, надання соціально-необхідних послуг або здійснення інфраструктурного забезпечення цих територій та ін. Ключові слова: соціальний розвиток, село, механізм, управління, стратегічні напрями, соціальна інфраструктура. Формул: 0; рис.: 0; табл.: 3; бібл.: 23.

Subsequent Curves of COVID-19 in Society

Beyond the strict biological scenarios inherent to the virus, other consequences exist that require attention due to the duration and evolving alternate implications of the pandemic in our society. The relevance of other “curves” in the Covid-19 Pandemic, related with Non Covid diseases, socio-economic issues, the wear and tear on the medical and social service infrastructure, and the physical and mental deterioration in the human resources, need a special focus in the global strategies in the management of Covid-19 pandemic. Civil rights and legal implications, are another issue to have in mind in the decisions, because these guidelines must not be the cause of social discrimination or stigma in the society. This bioethics approach is particularly targeted to those who are primarily responsible for decision making in matters with an impact on public health.