Infrared Range Finder Research Articles

Analysis of Correlation Between Breast Surface Position and Internal Organ Deformation Using Deep-Inspiration Breath Holding for Left-Sided Breast Irradiation

An increased risk of cardiac toxicity and radiation pneumonitis is related to the mean dose of radiation to the heart and lungs during left-sided breast irradiation. The deep-inspiration breath holding (DIBH) technique was investigated with focus on reducing the radiation dose to the heart and its substructures, such as the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Three-dimensional surface-imaging systems have been used to facilitate image-guided breast radiotherapy. However, internal organ position during DIBH depends on the compliance of the patient. Previous research has shown that relative craniocaudal distance changes during inspiration and expiration normalized to the mean distance in quiet breathing was maximum 44.3% ± 4% and minimum 4% ± 5%. We investigated positional correlations between limited breast surface position and internal organs and evaluated the effect of doses in left-sided breast irradiation with the DIBH technique. In this study, breast surface position was measured using an infrared range finder and the heart position was retrospectively measured using CT data. Five patients who had undergone left-sided lumpectomy practiced DIBH during CT. Simultaneously, breast surface distance (BSD) was monitored by a range finder continually during CT acquisition. The range finder was attached to the CT couch and measured the distance from one point of the breast surface to the scanner. CT with voluntary DIBH and free breathing in the treatment position was performed three times in each patient. To measure heart distances (HD), the maximum distance from the LAD to the chest wall (lateral edge of the lung) was calculated in each CT image and associated with the location to the corresponding BSD. Each free-breathing CT image was deformed to each DIBH CT image, and the deformation vector field (DVF), which was associated with the HD and the BSD, was calculated. Moreover, we evaluated dosimetric effects of variations of internal organ deformation by the voluntary DIBH. Compared with the mean BSD during free breathing, mean BSD during DIBH was reduced by 12 mm and the reproducibility was shown to be stable at approximately ± 0.2～3.9 mm. The mean HD was increased by 5.4 ± 2.4 mm. The correlation coefficient between BSD and HD during DIBH was 0.23, which indicated a weak positive correlation. According to the results of DVF, the heart and diaphragm positions moved forward toward the front caudal side; however, the variation in HD and internal organ motion depended on the characteristics of each patient. Moreover, in cases of abdominal breathing, breast surface motion was significantly small and no correlation between BSD and HD was observed. However, dosimetric errors of target and normal tissue were small, suggesting that DIBH irradiation while monitoring BSD is feasible. Correlations among BSD, HD, and internal organ motion were weak and depended on patient characteristics and respiratory method.

Application Design of the Iris Recognition Technology in the Access Control Management System

This design is a method of implementing the iris-recognition-based access control management system, including the identity collection device, database server, infrared range finder, iris recognition device, and access controller. The identity collection device collects the target personnel’s identity signals on site and outputs iris information. When a target person attempts to enter a door, the infrared range finder needs to work with the identity collection device to start the iris recognition device. The identity collection device will promptly and accurately collect the iris information, and then send the extracted iris information to the database server. The database server compares the received iris information with that previously stored in the database and quickly determines whether the iris information is legal based on the comparison results. If it is legal, the access controller sends a signal to the electric control lock to open the door and the person can enter the door. Otherwise, the person cannot enter the door. This design integrates the infrared sensing technology, human-computer interaction technology, data transmission technology, and communication technology. It utilizes the iris recognition algorithm in the iris recognition technology to improve the precision of recognition. Therefore, this design can efficiently identify and authenticate personal identity. In addition, this design features high reliability, low cost, small volume, complete functionality, and strong scalability on information collection.

Development of A Multi-sensor Fusion-based Traffic Information Acquisition System with Robust to Environmental Changes using Mono Camera, Radar and Infrared Range Finder

Development of A Multi-sensor Fusion-based Traffic Information Acquisition System with Robust to Environmental Changes using Mono Camera, Radar and Infrared Range Finder

Obstacle Detection and Collision Avoidance for a UAV With Complementary Low-Cost Sensors

This paper demonstrates an innovative and simple solution for obstacle detection and collision avoidance of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) optimized for and evaluated with quadrotors. The sensors exploited in this paper are low-cost ultrasonic and infrared range finders, which are much cheaper though noisier than more expensive sensors such as laser scanners. This needs to be taken into consideration for the design, implementation, and parametrization of the signal processing and control algorithm for such a system, which is the topic of this paper. For improved data fusion, inertial and optical flow sensors are used as a distance derivative for reference. As a result, a UAV is capable of distance controlled collision avoidance, which is more complex and powerful than comparable simple solutions. At the same time, the solution remains simple with a low computational burden. Thus, memory and time-consuming simultaneous localization and mapping is not required for collision avoidance.

Design of Quadrotor’s Control System Based on DSP

A problem of quadrotor’s control system based on DSP is investigated in this paper. STMS320F28335 is used as the main processer, due to its advantages of high-speed processing capability and powerful floating point processing capability. The inertial measurement unit is selected for inner-loop attitude control, while the optical flow sensor is adopted for outer-loop attitude compensation. Infrared range finder is choosed for altitude control with PID method. Quadrotor uses XBee-Pro wireless module to contact with ground station and sends statement information in accordance with the Mavlink protocol. Test results show that the control system is reliable and can meet the requirement of the attitude control system.

Automated Sensor Rig in Detecting Shape of an Object

In this paper an infrared sensor rig device is designed and developed. The ability of infrared range finder in measuring distance is applied to the sensor rig to detect lower limb shape model of prosthetic patient. Arduino is used as a microcontroller to control the whole system of this device with help from the stepper motor for the sensor rotation. Object shape is located at the center of the device and the minimum distance between object and sensor is fixed to 5 cm in order to reduce noise during data collecting. Data captured by the sensor is then saved in a text file for post processing using Matlab software. Various shape of objects have been tested and results obtained show that infrared sensor rig is capable to obtain shape data by plotting graph in 3D format.

2차원 격자 오차 데이터 기반의 선형 보정 함수들을 이용한 적외선 레인지 파인더 PBS-03JN의 보정

An efficient calibration algorithm for mobile robot localization using infrared range finder is proposed. A calibration is important to guarantee the performance of other algorithms which use sensor data because it is pre-process. We experimentally found that the infrared range finder PBS-03JN has error characteristics depending on both distance and scan angle. After obtaining 2-D grid error characteristic data on distance and scan angle, we proposed a simple and efficient calibration algorithm with a 2-D piecewise linear function set. The performance of our proposed calibration algorithm is verified by experiments and simulation.

A Microcontroller-Based IR Range Finder System With Dynamic Range Enhancement

The present paper describes the development of a microcontroller-based infrared (IR) range finder system, employing two IR light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and an IR sensor. The system employs a software array-based approach where both the burst frequency of IR energy transmitted by the IR LEDs and the duration of this energy transmission in one sweep are progressively reduced, in a bid to increase the possibility of sensing the IR energy reflected back from the object. The proposed system can perform dynamic range enhancement, by utilizing an intelligent scheme, where, the output from the IR sensor system is used as a feedback to adaptively switch one of the IR LEDs. Experimental studies confirm that our developed system can indeed implement dynamic range enhancement, when compared to a conventional IR range finder system.

Interactive building and updating of a 3D database for teleoperation

The paper deals with the modelling of unknown objects and location determination of known ones. The operator models objects using data issued from the video image and a time of flight infra red range finder. We present methods to build an embodying volume for unknown objects. These methods are available for polyhedral and conical objects, which represent the basis of most industrial environments. The location determination of known objects is determined using 2D clues obtained through video image. A two-step algorithm is implemented and assessed. The first step is available in case of object large motion, it is a geometric algorithm, which doesn't use redundant data; it provides a first estimate of the pose. The second step is available in case of object small motion. A linear approach is carried out to determine the pose. It allows the use of redundant data, so it improves the accuracy achieved after the first step.