Informational Identity Style Research Articles

Emotional Regulation as a Predictor of Psychological Identity Styles among Adolescents

The study aimed to identify the level of emotional regulation and psychological identity styles among adolescents. It also identified emotional regulation as a predictor of psychological identity styles in adolescents. To achieve the aim of the study, the descriptive correlational approach was used. The study sample consisted of 645 male and female students, randomly selected from adolescent students in secondary and preparatory schools in Nazareth District inside The Green Line in the first semester of the academic year 2022/2023. The results showed that the level of the dimensions of emotional regulation (cognitive reappraisal and suppression) among adolescents in Nazareth District inside The Green Line was moderate from the point of view of the study sample. The informational identity style came in the first rank with (45.4%) of the study sample, and their scores for this style were higher than their scores for the other two styles. Then, the normative identity style was followed by (30.1%) of the study sample. The diffuse/avoidant identity style came in third and last place with (24.5%) of the study sample. The results also showed a statistically significant predictive ability between the informational, normative, and diffuse/avoidant psychological identity styles with emotional regulation dimensions (cognitive reappraisal and suppression). The study recommended that students be encouraged to adopt the informational identity style, especially since the study results revealed a positive relationship between this style and emotional regulation. It also recommended training students with a diffuse/avoidant identity style on emotional regulation, especially since the study results revealed a negative relationship between emotional regulation and the diffuse/avoidant identity style.

Perfectionism, Goal Orientation, and Emerging Adults’ Identity Processing Styles

The current study explored the direct and interactive contributions of multidimensional measures of perfectionism and goal orientation in predicting patterns of identity-related self-processing for pre-COVID-19 and during-COVID-19 samples of traditional age (18–22 year old) emerging adult college students ( N = 722). Regression models controlled for age, binary gender, and race, then tested the unique conditional effects and interactions between perfectionism and goal orientation in explaining variability in each of three identity processing styles. After controlling for multiple covariates and hypothesis tests, only a few effects were repeated between the two samples. Those results indicated that a growth-seeking goal orientation was predictive of an informational identity style whereas validation-seeking goal orientation was a significant predictor of diffuse-avoidant and normative identity processing styles. The overall findings suggested that fruitful targets for future intervention studies promoting healthy identity development during the college years might include reducing validation-seeking while strengthening growth-seeking motives.

Identity Styles and Readiness to Enter into Interreligious Dialogue: The Moderating Function of Religiosity

The aim of the study was to research moderating function of religiosity in the relationship between identity styles and the readiness to enter into interreligious dialogue in people in early, middle, and late adulthood. The result of the identity integration processes is the achievement by an adult of a specific identity style, characterized by varying levels of openness to new information and experiences, including in the area of recognized values, especially religious ones. Previous studies have addressed the problem of the relationship between identity styles and religiosity, while a clear research gap can be noticed in the search for connections between identity styles and openness to religious diversity, religious tolerance and readiness to enter into interreligious dialogue. However, relationships between identity styles and personality openness to experience have been found, which refers to, inter alia, to tolerance and exploration of the unknown. It has been shown that the informational identity style is positively associated with openness to experience, as well as with caring, the need to know, and openness to ideas. Contemporary theoretical models emphasize that the religiosity of an individual can act as a contextual framework that gives meaning and directs the individual in their interpretation, understanding, and response to life experiences. In this paper, it was assumed that the religiosity of an individual may play a moderating role in the relationship between identity styles and the readiness to enter into interreligious dialogue. The study was conducted using the Test of readiness to enter into interreligious dialogue (TGDM), Identity Style Inventory (ISI-5) and The Duke University religion index (DUREL). The study involved 450 people in early, middle, and late adulthood, maintaining the gender ratio. Statistically significant positive correlations were obtained between informational identity style and all dimensions of readiness to enter interreligious dialogue and a negative correlation of this style with personal barriers to dialogue symmetry. The moderating function of religiosity for the relationship between identity styles and readiness to enter interreligious dialogue was confirmed for three relationships.

Study of Identity Styles and Multiple Intelligences, and Their Relationship with the Quality of Working Life among Female Employees of Yazd University

Introduction: Improving the quality of the female employees' working life as an influential work force in meeting the organizations' goals is of particular importance because they are a wife, a mother and an employee at the same time .The present study aimed to investigate the identity styles and multiple intelligences, and their relationship with female employees’ quality of working life at Yazd university, in 2019.
 Method: This study was descriptive- survey in terms of data collection, and basic in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this study consisted of 159 female employees of Yazd University, among whom 120 were selected based on the Krejcie and Morgan table using simple random sampling method. Data were collected through Berzonsky's identity style, Armstrong's multiple intelligence, and Walton's quality of wor ing life questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, chi- square test, one- sample t- test, analysis of variance with repeated measures, and Bonferroni test.
 Results: Intrapersonal intelligence and normative identity style dominated other types of intelligences among female employees of Yazd University. The quality of their working life was average. There was no significant relationship between identity styles and the quality of working life. Also, among multiple intelligences, only logical- mathematical intelligence had a positive and significant relationship with the quality of working life.
 Conclusion: Regarding employment, the managers of organizations should give priority to people with informational and normative identity styles, and also, provide opportunities to use multiple intelligences of the employees to improve the quality of working life in order to increase productivity.

Effectiveness of Identity-based Psychodrama Educational-therapeutic Program on Identity Styles and Neuroticism

Background: Neuroticism is one of the serious mental health problems of people. No study has been conducted on the impact of identity issues in the treatment of neurotic people. Objectives: This study aims to formulate, design, and investigate the effect of identity-based psychodrama educational program on identity styles and neuroticism. Materials & Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test design using a control group. The study participants were 40 people aged 15-30 years referred to Pendare Nik Counseling Center in Najafabad City, Isfahan Province, Iran, in 2020. They were selected using a convenience sampling method and randomly assigned into the intervention (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. The data collection instruments were Berzonsky Identity Style Inventory (1992) and McCrae and Costa 5-factor inventory (1992). A Researcher-made Identity-Based Psychodrama Program (2020) was used for the intervention. The collected data were analyzed using ANCOVA in SPSS v. 23. Results: The educational-therapeutic program significantly affected identity styles and neuroticism (P<0.001). It significantly reduced the neuroticism level of people in the intervention group (F=200.71, η2=0.84). Conclusion: The identity-based psychodrama program reduced diffuse-avoidant, normative, and informational identity styles and neuroticism and promoted the achieved identity style.

Translation and Adaptation of Identity Style Inventory for Pakistani Adolescents

The present study was aimed to translate and adapt the Revised Identity Style Inventory (ISI-5) developed by Berzonsky et al. (2013) in an indigenous setting. A sample of 600 adolescents was selected from public and private schools in Punjab. The standard procedure of the back-translation method recommended by Water’s et al. (2006) was used to translate and adapt the Inventory. Exploratory Factor Analysis on the sample of adolescents (n = 350) demonstrated three distinct factors that is, diffuse/avoidant identity style, informational identity style, and normative identity style. Factorial structure elucidated that two items of normative identity style were discarded due to low factor loading whereas one item from normative style was loaded on informational identity style. Confirmatory Factor Analysis on the independent sample of adolescents (n = 250) confirmed this three-factor model with good model fit indices. Alpha reliability coefficients were also computed. Moreover, the factorial structure of the scale is considered as validity index. Limitations and suggestions for further investigations were also discussed.

Identity Processing Style and Depression: The Mediational Role of Experiential Avoidance and Self-Regulation

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the role experiential avoidance and self-regulation play in mediating relationships between stylistic differences in the way college students engage or attempt to evade the process of constructing a personal sense of identity and depressive symptoms. Two hundred seven 18- to 23-year-old undergraduate students completed measures of identity processing style, self-regulation, experiential avoidance, and depressive symptoms. Consistent with previous research, a diffuse-avoidant identity style was positively associated with depression, which was completely mediated by self-regulation and experiential avoidance. Contrary to prediction, an informational identity style was not directly related with experiential avoidance or depression. However, an informational style indirectly predicted low depressive symptoms via self-regulation. Unexpectedly, when the contribution of self-regulation was controlled, an informational style was positively associated with experiential avoidance, which indirectly predicted high depressive symptoms. The pattern of relationships was not moderated by the sex of the participants. Implications of the results for intervention programs and counseling practices that may enhance the mental health of college students are considered.

Prediction of Internet addiction based on emotion seeking and identity styles in students

Introduction: The excessive and incorrect use of the Internet and its related technologies by adolescents is a one of common and important problem in our community. Aim: The aim of the present study was to predict the Internet addiction based on identity styles and excitement-seeking in students. Method: the participants in this study were 200 students (n = 101boy, 99 girl) who selected with available sampling procedure. The research method was descriptive - correlative. Results: In general, Multivariate regression analysis showed that it can be significantly predicted Internet addiction based on the elements of sensation seeking. Also The results showed that informational identity styles and commitment have significant negative correlations with Internet addiction and there is a significant positive relationship between normative style and diffuse / avoidant style with Internet addiction. Internet addiction Based on these styles can be significantly predicted. Conclusion: In the prevention and treatment of Internet addiction is essential given the role of sensation seeking and identity styles.

Connections Among Identity, Attachment, and Psychological Dating Aggression During Adolescence

ABSTRACTThe collective influence of identity styles and romantic attachment insecurity on psychological dating aggression was examined for 1,975 adolescents living in a southern state in the United States. Informational identity style related negatively to psychological dating aggression, but anxious romantic attachment related positively to this behavior. Diffuse-avoidant identity style and using psychological dating aggression were associated positively, whereas normative identity style and receiving psychological dating aggression were associated negatively. In addition, the combination of high informational or normative identity style with high avoidant romantic attachment was linked to lower psychological dating aggression. Our findings build on the previously noted parallelism between identity styles and romantic attachment insecurity by showing how they work together to explain variability in psychological dating aggression.

BİLİŞ İHTİYACI BENLİK SAYGISI TAMAMLAMA İHTİYACI VE KİMLİK STİLLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLER

Need for cognition refers to the tendency for people to vary in the extent to which they engage in and enjoy efortful cognitive activities. Berzonsky proposed an identity formation model which involves social-cognitive processes. According to this model, each identity styles involve different social-cognitive processes. In this model, three identity styles were defined: informational, normative, and diffuse–avoidant. The aim of this study is to examine whether identity styles and need for closure and Self-esteem predict need for cognition during emerging adulthood. The research group consisted of 253 (68,8 % female, 31,2,8% male) university students. To collect data the need for cognition scale, need for closure scale, Self-esteem Scale and Identity Style Inventory were used. First of all need for cognition scale adapt to Turkish culture. A regression model was used in order to investigate relations among Self-esteem, need for closure identity styles and need for cognition. The results of this study indicated that need for closure, self esteem and identity styles significantly need for cognition. The results of this study indicated that informational identity style positively significantly predicts need for cognition; need for closure, normative, and diffuse–avoidant identity styles negatively significantly predict self esteem. Self esteem does not predict to need for cognition.

We are our passions: The role of identity processes in harmonious and obsessive passion and links to optimal functioning in society

The Dualistic Model of Passion (DMP) proposes two types of passion, namely harmonious passion and obsessive passion. The DMP posits that the activity becomes part of one’s identity. However, little research assessed how the two types of passion relate to identity. Two important facets of identity hypothesized to be associated with passion are identity integration and identity styles. In two studies, we assessed these types of identity processes as determinants of passion. We expected the presence of positive associations between on the one hand informational identity style, identity integration, and their interaction term and HP on the other, and positive associations between normative identity style and OP. Participants in both studies (N1 = 107 and N2 = 135) completed the Identity Style Inventory-3, the Identity Integration subscale of the Multidimensional Self-Esteem Inventory, and the Passion Scale. In addition, in Study 2 we also looked at the relationships between passion and five indicators of the construct of Optimal Functioning in Society. Overall, results were consistent with our hypotheses.

How do Lithuanian adolescents address identity questions? A four-wave longitudinal study on change and stability in identity styles

The present investigation evaluated multiple patterns of change and stability in Berzonsky’s identity styles (informational, normative, and diffuse-avoidant) in a four-annual-wave longitudinal study with 468 adolescent boys and girls from Lithuania. A combination of mean level changes, high rank-order stability, and high profile stability has been found in this study. First, levels of informational and normative identity styles remained stable for girls, but decreased significantly for boys; levels of diffuse-avoidant identity styles remained stable for girls and boys. Second, the rank-order stability of the normative and diffuse-avoidant styles was lower for boys, than for girls. Third, the mean profile stability was high for girls and moderate for boys. In general, our findings highlighted substantial gender differences in multiple indices of change and stability of identity styles.

Identity Styles: Predictors of Reading and Writing Abilities

How the individual differences prime different learning process is well addressed in literature. But, what is missing from these analyses is how learners with different identity styles approach reading and writing skills and if different identity styles can predict differentiated language performance. The present study aims at investigating the relationship between identity styles, and reading/writing skills of Iranian intermediate female EFL learners. One the basis of the results of Nelson language proficiency test, 120 participants were selected to participate in this research. Participants' answers to Berzonsky's Identity Style Inventory (ISI3) and reading and writing parts of Preliminary English Test were analyzed. The results indicated that informational and normative identity styles were found to be positively correlated and diffuse-avoidant style was negatively correlated with reading and writing abilities whereas commitment identity didn't bear any significant relationships. The findings also indicated that informational style acted as the best predictor of these skills. Implications for language teachers are suggested.

Youth-Adult Partnerships and Youth Identity Style.

Youth-adult partnerships (e.g., youth leading programs, participating as members of advisory boards) are a common and widely recommended practice in youth work and youth-serving program settings. Although researchers have suggested that these opportunities contribute to youth's identity development, empirical evidence is lacking. In the current study, we tested associations between identity style and degree of youth voice, collaborative youth-adult relationships, and youth's program engagement in 194 youth participating in youth-adult partnerships (M age=17.6, 62% female). We found that these characteristics of youth-adult partnerships predicted higher informational identity style, although only program engagement emerged as a unique predictor. Furthermore, exploratory analysis indicated that these associations were moderated by the type of organization. The findings suggest the need for more research on the multiple dimensions of youth-adult partnerships and their association with youth functioning, as well as pointing to the importance of the broader organizational context of youth-adult partnerships.

Postawy wobec globalizacji a style tożsamości

The main aim of the article is to show the possible relations between attitudes toward globalization as described by Senejko and Łoś and the specificity of identity styles as described by Berzonsky. The participants were 601 people aged 16-26 – school students, university students, and working people from the Dolnośląskie Voivodeship, Poland. We used the following instruments: The World–I Questionnaire (measuring attitudes toward globalization) and the Identity Style Inventory (ISI-5). The results obtained in correlational analyses and cluster analyses show that people with a strongly manifested accepting attitude toward globalization are characterized mainly by the informational style and the least strongly by the normative and diffuse-avoidant styles. As the results showed, the critical attitude toward globalization occurs in the form of two clusters: (1) with strong critical and accepting attitudes (people with this configuration of attitudes exhibit a strongly expressed informational identity style and commitment and a weakly expressed normative style); (2) with strong critical and fearful attitudes (individuals with this configuration of attitudes mainly exhibit the normative identity style and commitment). People with a strongly expressed fearful attitude toward globalization typically use the diffuse-avoidant or normative styles, while the least strongly expressed identity style in this group is the informational style and commitment. Cluster analysis made it also possible to distinguish people with a distanced attitude toward globalization, characterized by fairly strong identity commitment.

Postawy wobec globalizacji a style tożsamości

The main aim of the article is to show the possible relations between attitudes toward globalization as described by Senejko and Łoś and the specificity of identity styles as described by Berzonsky. The participants were 601 people aged 16-26 – school students, university students, and working people from the Dolnośląskie Voivodeship, Poland. We used the following instruments: The World–I Questionnaire (measuring attitudes toward globalization) and the Identity Style Inventory (ISI-5). The results obtained in correlational analyses and cluster analyses show that people with a strongly manifested accepting attitude toward globalization are characterized mainly by the informational style and the least strongly by the normative and diffuse-avoidant styles. As the results showed, the critical attitude toward globalization occurs in the form of two clusters: (1) with strong critical and accepting attitudes (people with this configuration of attitudes exhibit a strongly expressed informational identity style and commitment and a weakly expressed normative style); (2) with strong critical and fearful attitudes (individuals with this configuration of attitudes mainly exhibit the normative identity style and commitment). People with a strongly expressed fearful attitude toward globalization typically use the diffuse-avoidant or normative styles, while the least strongly expressed identity style in this group is the informational style and commitment. Cluster analysis made it also possible to distinguish people with a distanced attitude toward globalization, characterized by fairly strong identity commitment.

Comparison of Family Power Structure and Identity Style Between Delinquent and Non-Delinquent Juveniles.

Background:Adolescence denotes a time in which youth begins to experience dangerous behaviors like substance use and delinquency.Objectives:In this study, we investigated the family power structure and identity style in delinquent and non-delinquent juveniles residing in Tehran, Iran.Materials and Methods:To accomplish the goal of the study, 80 adolescent delinquents of the correction and rehabilitation centers aged between 15 and 18 years were selected with convenience sampling method and 80 students of secondary school age between 15 and 18 years in Tehran, Iran in 2012. They answered the instrument of family power structure (Saidian, 2004) and identity style (ISI-6G: White et al. 1998). The obtained data were analyzed using the independent t-test, chi-square test, and Levene’s test.Results:The findings indicated a significant difference between delinquent and non-delinquent juveniles with regard to family power structure, its subscales (P < 0.001), and identity style (P < 0.001). Moreover, the informational identity style was associated with lower levels of delinquency. In addition, a diffuse-evident identity style was related to the delinquency.Conclusions:These results emphasize that the inappropriate decision-making process pattern in a family has a significant effect on deviant behavior and identity style in adolescents. So, family power structure can be considered in therapeutic interventions (prevention and treatment) for adolescent delinquency.

Identity boundaries: An empirical perspective

The purpose of the present study was to empirically test a newly developed theory of identity boundaries (Lile, 2013). In its initial theoretical construction, it is proposed that these boundaries are systematically related to identity style due to their similar, process-oriented nature. This study deviates from the original conceptualization of identity boundaries by hypothesizing that those with an informational identity style would have higher degrees of self–other differentiation than those with a normative identity style rather than vice-versa. College students (N=496, 69.4% female, 57.3% Caucasian) completed surveys of self–other differentiation and identity style. It was found that the informational identity style had the highest degrees of self–other differentiation, followed by the normative, and finally the diffuse-avoidant with significant differences occurring at all three levels, thus, supporting the hypotheses of the present study. Reasons for the deviation from Lile's theory are explored, implications of these findings are discussed, and new directions for this structural view of identity are proposed.

Episodic memories as building blocks of identity processing styles and life domains satisfaction: Examining need satisfaction and need for cognitive closure in memories

The interconnection between identity and memory is widely accepted, but the processes underlying this association remain unclear. The present study examined how specific experiential components of self-defining memories relate to identity processing styles. We also investigated whether those relationships occurred in a domain-specific manner. Participants (n = 583) completed the Identity Style Inventory-3, which we adapted to measure identity in the school and friend domains, as well as scales assessing their friend and school satisfaction. They then described a memory related to each of these domains and rated the level of need satisfaction and need for cognitive closure characterising each memory. Results from structural equation modeling revealed that need satisfaction in the school-related memory was positively associated with an informational identity style at school and with satisfaction at school, whereas need satisfaction in the friend-related memory was positively associated with an informational identity style in both the school and friend domain, and with satisfaction with friends. In addition, need for cognitive closure in both the friend- and school-related memory was associated with normative friend and school identity processing styles. These findings reveal that specific experiential components of self-defining memories are associated with certain identity processing styles. Furthermore, this relationship appears to be mostly domain-specific.

Study of Dominant Identity Style and Its Association with Commitment in Female Prisoners According to the Type of the Crime

Objective Experience has shown that by the acquisition of a healthy and successful identity, the likelihood of violent and immature behavior in different situations will be reduced and appropriate solutions will be used to face problems. In this study, the identity style of each criminal will be examined in relation to her commitment. Methods The study is a cross–sectional type. 200 female prisoners of financial crimes, licentiousness, murder and participation in murder, robbery and drug addiction and drug transfer (each n=40) were selected by sampling quotas–randomized and Berzunsky identity style questionnaire. Results The identity style of murderers and participants in the murder was normative. Identity style of immoral criminals was Informational, while the identity style of the other groups was confused. Commitment of both normative and informational identity styles was significantly correlated. Conclusions In general it can be suggested that the level of commitment, decision-making and problem-solving styles of the prisoners are correlated with their identity styles. Therefore, it can be suggested that the obtained results of this study can be used in the educational and reform programs of the prisons as well as during the interrogation prosess. Key words Identity style, female Prisoners, Crime, Commitment