Risk Information System Research Articles

The physician-AI relationship: partnering for precision medicine via clinical decision support

Abstract Background Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) can enhance physician decision-making, but successful adoption depends on positive user attitudes. Understanding Israeli physicians’ attitudes toward CDSSs is crucial for overcoming implementation barriers and refining training. Methods Semi-structured interviews explored knowledge, experiences, perceived benefits/drawbacks, and potential barriers/facilitators to CDSS use among 25 Israeli physicians across specialties, roles, settings, and experience levels selected via stratified sampling. Individual 45-minute video interviews were conducted in January-July 2023. Results Familiarity and CDSS experience varied substantially across medical specialties. While risk calculators, information systems, and expert systems disseminating contemporary research insights are widespread, AI-based system adoption is relatively low outside radiology. Physicians expressed positive attitudes, recognizing CDSSs’ potential to enhance clinical work, reduce errors, and alleviate burdens. However, concerns included AI systems’ impact on workload, patient relationships, skill erosion, and overreliance. Key implementation barriers involved technological infrastructure, organizational processes, physician perceptions, and system features. Facilitating factors included tailored design, focused training, continuous accuracy/reliability validation, and clear autonomy/liability guidelines. Conclusions Addressing key concerns around transparency, trustworthiness and responsible use is crucial for AI-CDSS to fulfill its promise of enhancing quality and outcomes. Insights from Israeli clinicians provide guidance on priorities like transparency of data and algorithms as well as ensuring AI behaves ethically. Collaboration among technology designers, healthcare professionals and stakeholders can help develop systems that physicians trust to improve care while safeguarding patients. Ongoing evaluation is also needed to optimize AI-CDSS over time. Key messages • Understanding physician attitudes is key to overcoming barriers to clinical decision support system adoption and optimizing training protocols. • Addressing transparency, trustworthiness, and ethical considerations around AI clinical decision support systems is crucial for enhancing quality care.

No Evolution Without Revolution: Historical Revelations for LIS Education

As the field evolves and adapts to emerging technologies and societal changes, the rich historical context and radical changes that have shaped libraries and information systems risks being overshadowed. This SIG panel presentation will feature presentations ranging from understanding the role of caucuses in the LIS field, using creative storytelling to illuminate LIS history, and how AI will impact our ability to tell, know, and make history. Following the presentations, we expect to have a conversation about how we preserve and share LIS history in the face of technological change. National Associations of Librarians of Color Provides Historical Context to Teach Social Justice Work - Long Before DEI and social justice were integrated into statements, core principles, standards, or competencies for LIS education, there were efforts conducted by BIPOC library leaders who moved the needle in the profession by establishing professional associations that represented their communities. This presentation makes the connection between diversity efforts in LIS history and LIS pedagogy, by proposing the use of the specific historical context of social movements to substantiate and inform the social justice work that current LIS graduates will encounter. Demystifying the Past to Examine the Present and Shape the Future: Historical Research and Creative Storytelling in LIS Education - Ely-Ledesma Unpacking the complicated history of libraries in the United States, and recognizing historical threads that connect past to present, is vital as the profession continually adapts to emerging technologies and societal changes. When considering implementing historical perspectives into LIS education, we must ask a basic question: How can we infuse historical perspectives into LIS courses in an effective way? Historical research and creative storytelling are one way to address this question. To this end, I propose a three-step process for a project suitable for foundational courses or courses on library history. Teaching the History and the Evolution of the Information and Knowledge Profession - Hawamdeh According to Marcus Garvey “A person without the knowledge of their past history, origin, and culture is like a tree without roots." Understanding the LIS history, evolution and the radical changes is a key to the continued transformation of the information and knowledge profession. The continued expansion, evolution, and the emergence of concepts such as knowledge management, data science and generative AI are raising questions like how these concepts are related to LIS, how can they be woven into LIS curriculum, and how historical perspectives can be used to shape the future of the information and knowledge profession.

ANALISIS GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM FAKTOR RISIKO BAYI BERAT BADAN LAHIR RENDAH (BBLR) PADA IBU HAMIL DENGAN MALARIA: STUDI KASUS

Papua has the highest rate of malaria cases among all provinces in Indonesia. Malaria is a scourge, especially among vulnerable groups, including pregnant women. Pregnant women with malaria increase the risk of giving birth to Low Birth Weight (LBW). This study aimed to analyze geographic information system risk factors for LBW in pregnant women with malaria. This research method was observational analytics using a matched case-control design. The study encompassed pregnant women residing in the Sentani health center working area, who were both afflicted with and unaffected by malaria, and sought outpatient care at the health center. With a population of 104 pregnant woman, and the sample used was the Total sampling technique. This study found that the distribution of LBW cases tends to increase if there are many malaria incidents in the area. The distribution pattern of malaria cases shows a tendency to gather in areas with high rainfall, areas with low air humidity and areas with high air temperatures, namely Nolokla and Asei Villages. To maintain the health of mothers and babies and avoid possible risks, it is necessary to increase supervision and vigilance in the months where the intensity of rain increases, namely from November to March, where rainfall is also related to humidity and temperature so that it affects the sustainability of mosquito larvae habitat

Risk factors for death among children with severe malaria, Ivukula sub-county, Namutumba district, Eastern Uganda, september 2021–february 2022

BackgroundIn February 2022, the Ministry of Health received reports of more than 100 child deaths from a ‘strange disease’ in Namutumba District over a period of 6 months from politicians through the media. Preliminary investigations by the district rapid response team confirmed the strange disease to be severe malaria. The scope of severe malaria deaths was investigated, associated factors identified, and recommendations made for control measures to inform early malaria treatment strategies in Namutumba District.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in March 2022 in the most affected subcounty (Ivukula Subcounty) involving cases and controls. A case was defined as a death with a positive malaria test, fever and any of the following: convulsions, difficulty breathing, yellowing of eyes or palms, tea-coloured urine, anaemia (evidenced by pale eyes or palms, or clinically-identified in medical records), loss of consciousness, or reduced urine output (very little or no urine in a day) in a child ≤ 12 years from September 2021 to February 2022 in Ivukula Subcounty, Namutumba District. Controls were survivors with the same signs and symptoms, recruited in a 2:1 ratio with cases. Cases and controls were actively searched using a door-to-door approach with the help of community health workers. Caretakers were interviewed to obtain data on signs and symptoms, socio-demographic information, health-seeking behaviours and health system risk factors. Drugs and bloodstock status information was obtained from health workers using an interview guide. Factors associated with death were identified using multivariate logistic regression and thematic analysis for qualitative data.ResultsAmong 46 cases, 29 (63%) were < 5 years, and 23 (50%) were female. Death among children with severe malaria was significantly associated with treatment non-completion (aOR = 9.7, 95%CI 1.8–53) and inability to receive blood transfusion for anaemic patients (aOR = 7.1, (95%CI 1.4–36). Healthcare workers reported that inability to reach referral sites due to transport costs, stockouts of anti-malarials and blood products at health facilities, and absence of integrated community case management of childhood illnesses (iCCM) contributed to deaths among children with severe malaria.ConclusionLack of access to anti-malarial treatment and to blood transfusions among anaemic patients due to stockouts were associated with severe malaria deaths among children ≤ 12 years in Ivukula Subcounty. Recommendations made were: accurate quantification of anti-malarials for health facilities, offering transport support to severe patients referred to higher-level facilities, and increasing access to blood products. Activation of iCCM could facilitate public health efforts against severe malaria in the district.

Research on a Three-Way Decision-Making Approach, Based on Non-Additive Measurement and Prospect Theory, and Its Application in Aviation Equipment Risk Analysis.

Due to the information non-independence of attributes, combined with a complex and changeable environment, the analysis of risks faces great difficulties. In view of this problem, this paper proposes a new three-way decision-making (3WD) method, combined with prospect theory and a non-additive measure, to cope with multi-source and incomplete risk information systems. Prospect theory improves the loss function of the original 3WD model, and the combination of non-additive measurement and probability measurement provides a new perspective to understand the meaning of decision-making, which could measure the relative degree by considering expert knowledge and objective data. The theoretical basis and framework of this model are illustrated, and this model is applied to a real in-service aviation equipment structures risk evaluation problem involving multiple incomplete risk information sources. When the simulation analysis is carried out, the results show that the availability of this method is verified. This method can also evaluate and rank key risk factors in equipment structures, which provides a reliable basis for decisions in aviation safety management.

Analisis Manajemen Risiko Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Pada PT. Batu Bara XYZ ISO 31000:2018

This study employs the ISO 31000:2018 framework to manage the accounting information system risks at PT. Batu Bara XYZ. It identifies, analyzes, evaluates, and treats risks accordingly. The findings reveal that classifying risks based on their likelihood and impact assists the company in planning effective risk management strategies. The implementation of the ISO 31000:2018 framework enables the company to better manage risks and enhance information security. The research aims to analyze the risk management of the accounting information system at PT. Batu Bara XYZ using the ISO 31000:2018 framework. A case study and quantitative approach were utilized as research methods. The study results demonstrate the identification, analysis, and evaluation of various potential risks affecting the company's accounting information system. This research is expected to provide insights into best practices and challenges faced, as well as offer recommendations for future risk management improvements.

Occupational exposure, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment of formaldehyde in the pathology labs of hospitals in Iran

Formaldehyde, a known carcinogenic compound, is commonly used in various medical settings. The objective of this study was to assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks associated with occupational exposure to formaldehyde. This study was conducted in the pathology labs of four hospitals in Tehran. Cancer and non-cancer risks were evaluated using the quantitative risk assessment method proposed by the United States environmental protection agency (USEPA), along with its provided database known as the integrated risk information system (IRIS). Respiratory symptoms were assessed using the American thoracic society (ATS) questionnaire. The results indicated that 91.23% of exposure levels in occupational groups exceed the NIOSH standard of 0.016 ppm. Regarding carcinogenic risk, 41.03% of all the studied subjects were in the definite carcinogenic risk range (LCR > 10−4), 23.08% were in the possible carcinogenic risk range (10−5 < LCR < 10−4), and 35.90% were in the negligible risk range (LCR < 10−6). The highest index of occupational carcinogenesis was observed in the group of lab technicians with a risk number of 3.7 × 10−4, followed by pathologists with a risk number of 1.7 × 10−4. Furthermore, 23.08% of the studied subjects were within the permitted health risk range (HQ < 1.0), while 76.92% were within the unhealthy risk range (HQ > 1.0). Overall, the findings revealed significantly higher carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks among lab technicians and pathologists. Therefore, it is imperative to implement control measures across various hospital departments to mitigate occupational formaldehyde exposure levels proactively. These findings can be valuable for policymakers in the health sector, aiding in the elimination or reduction of airborne formaldehyde exposure in work environments.

Village Information System Risk Mitigation in Subdistricts using COBIT 5 Framework

Village Information System Risk Mitigation in Subdistricts using COBIT 5 Framework

Digital Divide’s Impact on Accounting Information Systems Risks Faced by Financial Auditors: A Jordanian Case Study

The study emphasizes the importance of organizational structure, human capital, and legal controls in reducing accounting system risks. Three research questions explore the impact of the organizational structure, the role of human capital, and the significance of legal controls in risk reduction. Using statistical analysis, 104 questionnaires were distributed, and 76 were collected for the statistical analysis, including simple linear regression. The study reveals significant findings. The organizational structure plays a positive and influential role in establishing sound internal control systems that reduce accounting system risks. Qualified human capital contributes to technical progress, enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of financial audit activities. Robust legal controls effectively identify deviations, ensuring data integrity and compliance with international standards. Recommendations for the JDRC include establishing a clear organizational structure, investing in qualified human capital, and implementing comprehensive legal controls to mitigate accounting system risks. This study contributes to the literature by addressing unique variables and highlighting the risks and limitations of accounting systems within the JDRC. The findings inform organizations in similar contexts, guiding effective risk mitigation strategies and enhancing accounting system performance.

Effects of chemical composition of ambient PM2.5 measured in Seoul on potential health risks and generation of reactive oxygen species

This study assesses the health effects associated with the chemical species of ambient particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) in Seoul, focusing on identifying key chemical constituents and their sources. We employed two approaches to estimate health risks: (1) evaluating carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks using IRIS (Integrated Risk Information System) data from the US EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), and (2) quantifying the generation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) following exposure to PM2.5 in surrogate lung fluid (SLF). Our results show a significant impact on human health from certain elements (Cr, Ni, As, and Cd) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (DaeP, DahA, and BaP for carcinogenic risks; BaP and BeP for noncarcinogenic risks). Notably, Cr and BaP, which are influential in both risk assessment and ·OH generation, highlight their significant roles in human health impacts. However, other components (e.g., CPP, BaP, BghiP, BaA, CHR, PYR, FLT, Ca, Mg, and Cu), though contributors to ·OH generation, were not included in the EPA's health risk assessment, suggesting a need for a broader PM2.5 compositional analysis to more accurately determine exposure concentrations and assess inhalation risks. These components predominantly originate from anthropogenic sources, such as combustion, vehicles, and industrial activities, underscoring the significant health implications of the pollutants emitted from these sources. The study concluded that focusing solely on the mass reduction of PM2.5 may not suffice; a dual approach that reduces both mass concentration and chemical-specific health risks is imperative for effective public health protection.

Improving Risk and Customer Management Information System - A Case of Vietnam Commercial Bank

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to delineate strategies for enhancing the risk and customer management information system (MIS) within Asia Commercial Bank (ACB), a prominent Vietnam-based commercial bank. Through a blend of qualitative methods involving synthesis, analysis, and inductive reasoning alongside quantitative approaches such as econometric modeling employing Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, this study aims to offer actionable insights. It underscores the necessity for ACB to adopt a flexible approach in implementing the proposed methodologies. Methods: The study employs a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Qualitative techniques involve synthesis, analysis, and inductive reasoning to discern patterns and extract insights. Quantitative methods entail the development of an econometric model employing OLS regression to analyze systematic factors influencing stock returns within the observed period. The synthesis of these methodologies enables a comprehensive understanding of the factors affecting the efficacy of the MIS within ACB. Results and Discussion: The intelligent implementation of the data collection, management, exploitation, and utilization processes within the 4th Industrial Revolution technology platform promises enhanced convenience in data analysis and processing for banks, including ACB. Furthermore, the recognition of systematic factors influencing stock returns over the observation period underscores the significance of refining the organization of the MIS system within ACB. The results obtained from both qualitative and quantitative analyses serve as a foundation for informed discussions regarding the optimization of risk and customer management within ACB's operational framework. Implications of the Research: The findings of this research carry significant implications for the strategic direction of ACB's risk and customer management practices. By embracing flexible implementation strategies and leveraging advanced technologies inherent to the 4th Industrial Revolution, ACB stands poised to streamline its data processing capabilities and enhance decision-making processes. Moreover, the recognition of systematic factors influencing stock returns underscores the importance of fine-tuning the organization of ACB's MIS system to accommodate dynamic market conditions. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by offering novel insights into the optimization of risk and customer management information systems within the banking sector, with a specific focus on ACB. By synthesizing qualitative and quantitative methodologies, the research provides a nuanced understanding of the challenges and opportunities inherent to MIS enhancement. The practical implications derived from this study serve as a valuable resource for banking institutions seeking to augment their operational efficiency and strategic effectiveness in an increasingly complex financial landscape.

FRAMB: A man-machine cooperation risk assessment method for intelligent network information systems

The intelligent network information systems, such as smart grid systems, face many security problems in the aspects of sensing, communication and computing. Information security risk assessment is an important way to assess the threats faced by information systems before risk events occur and ensure the security of assets. However, a comprehensive risk assessment of the system is a very resource-consuming process. Many existing risk assessment methods rely on a large number of experts and computing resources. Their assessment results are vulnerable to the differences in experts’ subjective judgments. Therefore, we propose FRAMB, a novel man-machine collaborative risk assessment method based on fitting upper and lower bounds. Firstly, we present a risk assessment criterion including four categories and sixteen risk factors following the ISO/IEC 27005:2018 standard. On this basis, we present the DFAHP and CM-NN assessment models to obtain the upper and lower bounds of the risk assessment value, which provides a reference for expert assessment. FRAMB integrates the experts’ assessment value and the values of upper and lower bounds, and adjusts the weights of these values to give the final risk assessment value. We introduce the risk assessment process of FRAMB in detail through a case study of the smart grid system risk assessment. We evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of FRAMB through experiments. The experimental results show that FRAMB can effectively and accurately assess the security risks of the intelligent network information systems.

Sensory irritation and use of the best available science in setting exposure limits: Issues raised by a scientific panel review of formaldehyde human research studies

As a high production volume chemical with recognized sensory irritation and widespread exposure, the human health risk potential of formaldehyde has been reviewed by many international regulatory agencies and scientific advisory bodies. A scientific panel, the Human Studies Review Board, under the auspices of the EPA's Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) program recently reviewed the sensory irritation studies included in the 2022 Draft Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Formaldehyde Hazard Assessment in the context of their use in a weight of evidence evaluation of acute inhalation health effects. This panel issued a series of recommendations on the use of these studies for the purposes of calculating exposure limits (e.g., study design preferences; uncertainty adjustment). Considering that these recommendations might reflect topic areas with varying degrees of scientific consensus, this commentary reflects on commonalities and distinctions amongst international formaldehyde exposure limits based on sensory irritation. Notably, each review panel charged with an assessment of the science recommended that no adjustment was needed to account for either exposure duration or human variability. These areas of scientific consensus should be considered as the best available science for the purposes of setting exposure limits in the anticipated TSCA Risk Evaluation on formaldehyde.

Gradient-guided hierarchical feature attack for object detector

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, which can cause security risks in computer information systems. Feature disruption attacks, as a typical form of adversarial attack, optimize adversarial examples by disrupting the intermediate features extracted by DNN. The existing feature disruption attacks have limitations when it comes to objects of different scales within resolution features, favoring low-resolution feature maps and low-scoring objects. The imbalance above affects their effectiveness in object detection tasks. Gradient-guided Hierarchical Feature Attack (GHFA) is proposed to solve these problems, which disrupts detector-extracted features using gradient-guided feature weighting. GHFA incorporates receptive field scaling and gradient scaling to balance the focus among feature maps and enhance attack performance. The evaluation of GHFA on 9 object detectors demonstrates its superior transferability compared with the 6 comparative methods, surpassing the second-ranked method by 2.4%. Furthermore, the real-world applicability of GHFA is validated available by testing it on a commercial online object detection platform.

Implementation of risk management in library information system at Surabaya City Library

Libraries may be at risk of data security issues. The threat of data loss or data damage is prone to occur in libraries. Information technology embedded in libraries has developed Artificial Intelligence (AI) for information retrieval systems. The application of information technology in the Surabaya City Library has potential risks to data security and force majeure aspects so that need a disaster mitigation plant. This study aimed to implement information system risk management at Surabaya City Libraries as a disaster mitigation plan. The research method was descriptive qualitative. Based on the risk analysis, the recommendations for applying risk to information technology Surabaya City Library were elimination and engineering. The manifestation of these two recommendations made the data access protocol use multiple authentications to avoid data theft attempts due to infiltration, hacking, and cracking. Study results recommended a protocol for each data access. The protocol would save every change, deletion, and system login in the log history. Implementing data authentication twice per login can avoid data theft caused by the intrusion. This activity log is used for activity tracking when the system is infiltrated. The limitation of this study lies in the scope of the research object, namely the library, which has limitations on the system or application used and does not impact the wider community. Conclusion of research, the library can implement risk management strategy with elimination and engineering models through recording system login activities, which mitigate the risk of data breaches originating from insiders.

How does hotline and incident management stack up in the financial services industry? An analysis of comparative metrics

An efficient and trusted mechanism by which employees can anonymously or confidentially report allegations of suspected or actual misconduct is the hallmark of a well-designed compliance programme. Yet, every industry will have different metrics related to their reporting processes and systems. There is not a ‘right’ answer because all metrics will be influenced by the risk areas facing each industry. The finance sector is no exception. So, what does the data show for the finance sector and how can the data be used to impact programme effectiveness? To answer this question, in 2023, NAVEX®, a provider of governance, risk and compliance information system software and services, examined financial-industry specifics within a large global data set of anonymised hotline and incident management metrics. This research, published here for the first time, follows the release of NAVEX's 2023 ‘Hotline &amp; Incident Management Benchmark Report’ — an annual, publicly available analysis of hotline reporting data generated through the intake channels NAVEX provides to its customers. This research publication, published in March, involved a total of 1.52 million reports worldwide. Financial services was the third-most represented sector across the larger benchmark report. Comparing financial services to global benchmarks, it appears the industry is outperforming other sectors in several key incident management metrics. Yet for individual financial firms, the industry-specific benchmark data revealed in this analysis could provide a more refined look into the ways organisations can compare their programmes to their industry peers. Overall, the financial services industry received more reports per 100 employees, fewer anonymous reports, and were consistently closing cases even with a different mix of issue types, ie more business-related issues than other industries.

Визначення відповідності вітчизняної бази гігієнічних нормативів канцерогенних речовин в атмосферному повітрі населених місць вимогам ЄС

The purpose of this work was to assess the safety of domestic (hygienic) standards for carcinogenic substances in the atmospheric air of populated areas and determine the concentration level corresponding to the acceptable risk indicator. Materials and methods. Bibliosemantic, bibliographic and hygienic research methods were used in this research. The results were obtained based on the collection and analysis of data on chemical carcinogenic compounds dangerous to humans, based on materials from international Directives, domestic regulatory frameworks and the IARC database. To assess the danger of individual substances and hygienic regulatory levels, risk indicators were determined according to recommended methodological documents. Indicators of reference concentrations for carcinogenic substances standardized in Ukraine were taken from data of the integrated risk information system (IRIS) US EPA. Results and discussion: the studies conducted indicate the need to revise the hygienic standards for carcinogenic substances included in the domestic regulatory framework for the atmospheric air of populated areas. The current standards for the most part exceed the level of acceptable or acceptable risk of probable cancer development among the population and those employed in production. This issue can be resolved by using an accelerated methodology, which is based on the calculation of the dose-risk scale. Accepted hygienic standards for the indicator of carcinogenic risk should be considered as annual averages for the atmospheric air of populated areas, and the current average daily concentrations according to international recommendations should be aimed at preventing acute exposure to chemical carcinogens within 24 hours and manifest themselves over a period of about 14 days. Conclusion: sanitary (hygienic) standards for carcinogenic substances in the air, included in the domestic bases, overwhelmingly exceed the level of permissible (acceptable) risk of cancer development and do not ensure safety for the population and persons involved in production and require revision in accordance with the requirements of the EU countries and the USA. It is proposed to resolve this issue using an accelerated methodology, which is based on the calculation of the dose-risk relationship (scale).

Co-creation of urban hazard, vulnerability and risk information system towards sustainable regional development trajectories in Sulawesi, Indonesia

Co-creation of urban hazard, vulnerability and risk information system towards sustainable regional development trajectories in Sulawesi, Indonesia

Audit Manajemen Risiko Sistem Informasi pada Website Digo.id dengan Framework COBIT 5 dan ISO 31000

This research was conducted to know, analyze, and audit on information system risk management on Digo.id website. The framework used in this audit research is COBIT 5 and ISO 31000, using qualitative descriptive research methods, these methods are used to obtain results that can be a clear picture of how Risk Management is implemented by the company. The results showed that the Existing Capability is at level 1, while the Capability Target is at level 3 so the final result of this audit is that the company still has 2 Capability GAPs to achieve the Capability Target.

Current and Future Growing demand of Digital Health Technologies to care Dementia and Elderly during Pandemic

COVID-19 has created huge challenges for health systems worldwide for health career sources and health care providers in health institutions. An immense range of digital health technologies can be considerable health strategies in recent years. We searched electronically published relevant articles in English language using these “COVID-19”, “coronavirus”, “technologies”, “severe acute respiratory syndrome”, “dementia”, “digital-health”, and “older adult care”. It helps to collect the digital information, collect data, transfer, store, frontline protection, to reduce the risk of rapid contamination, analysis and proper monitor information system, holistic control, manage, care and prevention, decrease the patients overload to the health care professionals’ in the institutions, prevent from contamination for health care providers, general peoples and patients. Still, lacking in many countries as alternative ways to adapt for digital health technologies in health care practices. Thus, it is necessary to adapt digital health technologies although there are few studies on the use of digital health technologies focusing on COVID-19. It is not only for COVID-19 issues but also should be implement to make our daily life easiest than before to fight with communicable disease.