Reuse Of Information Research Articles

Reconsidering the Exemption for Educational and Research Establishments Under the Directive on Re-Use of Public Sector Information (2003/98/EC; 2013/37/EU) Possible Ways and Legal Consequences

The article discusses the possibilities of including public research and educational establishments within the scope of the Directive regulating the re-use of public sector information (‘PSI Directive’). It subsequently evaluates the legal consequences of such an inclusion. Focusing on scientific information, the analysis connects the long-standing debates about open access and open education to open government data. Their common driving force is the call for a widespread dissemination of publicly funded information. However, the regulatory standard set out by the PSI Directive is characterized by considerable legal uncertainty. Therefore, it is difficult to derive robust assumptions that can form the basis for predicting the effects of extending the PSI Directive’s scope to research information. A potential revision of the PSI Directive should reduce this uncertainty. Moreover, PSI regulation must account for the specific incentives linked to the creation and dissemination of research results. This seems of primary importance for public-private research collaborations because there is a potential risk that a full application of the PSI Directive might unduly change incentives for such collaborations.

Personal health records: a new type of electronic medical record

PurposeThis paper examines existing research on the topic of personal health records (PHRs). Areas covered include PHR/patient portal, recordkeeping, preservation planning, access and provider needs for future reuse of health information. Patient and physician PHR use and functionality, as well as adoption facilitators and barriers, are also reviewed.Design/methodology/approachThe paper engages in a review of relevant literature from a variety of subject domains, including personal information management, medical informatics, medical literature and archives and records management literature.FindingsThe review finds that PHRs are extensions of electronic records. In addition, it finds a lack of literature within archives and records management that may lead to a less preservation-centric examination of the new PHR technologies that are desirable for controlling the lifecycle of these important new records-type.Originality/valueAlthough the issues presented by PHRs are issues that can best be solved with the use of techniques from records management, there is no current literature related to PHRs in the records management literature, and that offered in the medical informatics literature treats the stewardship aspects of PHRs as insurmountable. This paper offers an introduction to the aspects of PHRs that could fruitfully be examined in archives and records management.

Integration among databases and data sets to support productive nanotechnology: Challenges and recommendations

Many groups within the broad field of nanoinformatics are already developing data repositories and analytical tools driven by their individual organizational goals. Integrating these data resources across disciplines and with non-nanotechnology resources can support multiple objectives by enabling the reuse of the same information. Integration can also serve as the impetus for novel scientific discoveries by providing the framework to support deeper data analyses. This article discusses current data integration practices in nanoinformatics and in comparable mature fields, and nanotechnology-specific challenges impacting data integration. Based on results from a nanoinformatics-community-wide survey, recommendations for achieving integration of existing operational nanotechnology resources are presented. Nanotechnology-specific data integration challenges, if effectively resolved, can foster the application and validation of nanotechnology within and across disciplines. This paper is one of a series of articles by the Nanomaterial Data Curation Initiative that address data issues such as data curation workflows, data completeness and quality, curator responsibilities, and metadata.

V4PCS: Volumetric 4PCS Algorithm for Global Registration

With the advances in three-dimensional (3D) scanning and sensing technologies, massive human-related data are now available and create many applications in data-driven design. Similarity identification is one of the basic problems in data-driven design and can facilitate many engineering applications and product paradigm such as quality control and mass customization. Therefore, reusing information can create unprecedented opportunities in advancing the theory, method, and practice of product design. To enable information reuse, different models must be aligned so that their similarity can be identified. This alignment is commonly known as the global registration that finds an optimal rigid transformation to align two 3D shapes (scene and model) without any assumptions on their initial positions. The Super 4-Points Congruent Sets (S4PCS) is a popular algorithm used for this shape registration. While S4PCS performs the registration using a set of four coplanar points, we find that incorporating the volumetric information of the models can improve the robustness and the efficiency of the algorithm, which are particularly important for mass customization. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm, Volumetric 4PCS (V4PCS), to extend the four coplanar points to noncoplanar ones for global registration, and theoretically demonstrate the computational complexity is significantly reduced. Experimental tests are conducted on several models such as tooth aligner and hearing aid to compare with S4PCS. The experimental results show that the proposed V4PCS can achieve a maximum of 20 times speedup and can successfully compute the valid transformation with very limited number of sample points. An application of the proposed method in mass customization is also investigated.

Autoencoding Evolutionary Search With Learning Across Heterogeneous Problems

To enhance the search performance of evolutionary algorithms, reusing knowledge captured from past optimization experiences along the search process has been proposed in the literature, and demonstrated much promise. In the literature, there are generally three types of approaches for reusing knowledge from past search experiences, namely exact storage and reuse of past solutions, the reuse of model-based information, and the reuse of structured knowledge captured from past optimized solutions. In this paper, we focus on the third type of knowledge reuse for enhancing evolutionary search. In contrast to existing works, here we focus on knowledge transfer across heterogeneous continuous optimization problems with diverse properties, such as problem dimension, number of objectives, etc., that cannot be handled by existing approaches. In particular, we propose a novel autoencoding evolutionary search paradigm with learning capability across heterogeneous problems. The essential ingredient for learning structured knowledge from search experience in our proposed paradigm is a single layer denoising autoencoder (DA), which is able to build the connections between problem domains by treating past optimized solutions as the corrupted version of the solutions for the newly encountered problem. Further, as the derived DA holds a closed-form solution, the corresponding reusing of knowledge from past search experiences will not bring much additional computational burden on the evolutionary search. To evaluate the proposed search paradigm, comprehensive empirical studies on the complex multiobjective optimization problems are presented, along with a real-world case study from the fiber-reinforced polymer composites manufacturing industry.

Laboratory information system data extraction and re-use: opportunities and challenges

Laboratory information systems (LISs) are a rich source of data. LIS data can be used for numerous purposes including operations, quality projects, and research. LIS data can inform decision making, provide value additions, and ultimately be used to improve patient care. However, there are many challenges that come with LIS data re-use. These include security, access to information, the ability to analyze large volumes of data, data quality, and validation. Herein we describe the pros and cons of LIS data re-use and provide a framework for a typical LIS data extraction. Also provided are concrete examples where LIS data was essential and beneficial for a successful project. Collectively, laboratorians need to focus on training initiatives to empower future staff who will require these skills to do their jobs effectively. Laboratorians should also ask more of the LIS vendors in terms of data access and analytical tools.

Several weaknesses of the implementation for the theoretically secure masking schemes under ISW framework

In Cryptology 2003, ISW framework was proposed by Ishai etc. to prove secure higher-order masking schemes against the power attacks. However, the theoretical security of masking can not guarantee the same security in the implementations. In this paper, we discuss whether there exists practical security problem of the provably secure masking schemes, which may lead masking schemes fail to resist attacks. For this purpose, we defined the secure complexity in the first phase of higher-order attack. Using this metric, we analyzed the practical security of software and hardware implementations of masking schemes. These secure problems, including sensitive information reuse and leakage of masking sequence, are widely existed in software and hardware implementations. We have verified that side-channel attack to be valid in the implementations of theoretically secure masking schemes. The experimental results showed there exists sensitive information reuse in software implementation of provably secure masking scheme, and leakage of masking sequence both in software and hardware implementations. Relying on these weaknesses, the secret key can be recovered through side-channel attacks. Furthermore, we proposed several suggestions of possible countermeasures, such as to insert random pseudo operation among masking sequences and to avoid general registers reusing sensitive information in the software implementations.

Building a Construction Project Key-Phrase Network from Unstructured Text Documents

During a construction project lifecycle, an extensive corpus of unstructured or semistructured text documents is generated. The nature of unstructured sources impedes users’ acquisition, analysis, and reuse of relevant information in an integral form, leading to a possible reduction in project performance because of untimely or inadequate decisions. This paper explores the representation of information from unstructured documents in the form of a key-phrase network, intended to provide users with the possibility to visualize and analyze valuable project facts with less effort. A network of key phrases automatically extracted from various types of unstructured documents, with relations based on contextual similarity, was implemented as a graph database, enabling project participants to extract and visualize various patterns in data. With the objective of constructing a domain-independent key-phrase network with minimal expert involvement, an approach to detect key phrases in a multilingual environment was examined by using measures of association between words while avoiding text content from less informative contexts. A possible application is demonstrated using key-phrase networks generated from two complex international construction projects.

ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS RELATED TO IMPLEMENTING THE PROVISIONS OF THE ACT ON THE REUSE OF PUBLIC-SECTOR INFORMATION AT MUSEUMS

The article discusses both the legal and factual problems related to the necessity of implementing the provisions of the Act on the reuse of public sector information (PSI) of 25 February 2016. The authors highlight the inaccuracies in the way the statutory provisions have been formulated, and which require urgent intervention by legislators due to their doubtful interpretation and the conflict of the Act’s provisions on reuse with those of other acts, in particular the Act on museums. They also identify the discrepancies between how museums currently share their collections and the requirements set by the Act on the reuse of PSI. Individual practical problems are discussed in separate parts of the text. The aim of the article is not to settle the doubts concerning the Act on reuse of PSI, nor to decide what museums should do in that matter, but rather to draw attention to possible ways of interpreting the provisions and the related problems.

Untraceable biometric-based three-party authenticated key exchange for dynamic systems

An authenticated key exchange (AKE) between two end-users is a crucial procedure to ensure data integrity and confidentiality while they communicate through a public channel. The existing three-party AKE schemes conventionally employ a relatively easy to remember password and a systematic identity to generate and protect shared secrets, which are used to verify the legitimate participants for subsequent communications. Thus, none of these protocols could simultaneously achieve robust security, identity privacy, and revocation. The security drawbacks commonly arise from the low-entropy password stored in a server or a smart card. This study briefly reviewed and analyzed the weaknesses of Islam, and Yon and Yons’ schemes. Biometric information and a random one-time password were then utilized to design a robust protocol for systems with highly dynamic users. The proposed scheme not only resists all currently known attacks, but also provides several desirable properties, including the revocations of smart cards or users, and the reuse of compromised biometric information.

Ontology Expression of MBD Model and Research on Model Retrieval Technology

An MBD model knowledge representation and management method is proposed to meet the reuse requirement of MBD history models data designed in the product full three dimensional digitalization development, and a new model retrieval algorithm is verified considering geometry and non-geometry information. Firstly, we construct ontology structure based on the normative framework of MBD dataset and the purpose of model retrieval, divide it into geometry feature layer and engineering note layer in detail. Secondly, the similarity comparison method of two layers was given based on the ontology structure. Finally, MBD model retrieval is completed based on geometry and non-geometry information. The proposed method uses the ontology theory as its basis, achieving structural and semantic expression and storage of MBD dataset, thus is capable of achieving the reuse of MBD model information by similar model retrieval based on both geometry and non-geometry information.

NC process reuse oriented effective subpart retrieval approach of 3D CAD models

As a huge number of 3D CAD models with NC process are generated each year, retrieval of 3D CAD models for achieving NC process reuse is becoming an effective strategy to improve the efficiency of NC programing. However, there has been little research on how to discover similar subparts for NC process reuse. In this paper, a NC process reuse oriented effective subpart retrieval approach of 3D CAD models is proposed. Firstly, the medial axis transform (MAT) of a pocket is introduced and adopted as the reference tool paths. The association mechanism between MAT and NC machining is established to reveal the association between geometry and NC process for features. Then the rapid filtering for accelerating subpart retrieval is presented to filter out infeasible subparts quickly under the requirements of NC process reuse. Moreover, a multilevel feature descriptor capturing different levels of NC process information for reuse is elaborated to construct the feature similarity assessment model. Finally, the matched feature pairs similarity and feature layout information similarity are presented to calculate the similarity between subparts. In the experiment, a prototype based on CATIA is developed and the experimental results are analyzed at length to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Preliminary geochemical characterization of groundwater drained by the Roman emissary of Lake Albano (Italy)

Many lakes have been the object of hydraulic works in historical times, and the drainage tunnel carved by Romans for regulating the level of Lake Albano (Central Italy) can be considered as one of the most important historical hydraulic tunnels in the world. We sampled and analysed lake water, as well as groundwater samples from the Lake Albano emissary and another hydraulic work in the area (Ninfeo), which were analysed for their geochemical and isotopic composition in order to extract useful information for a possible reuse of the tunnel for anthropogenic purposes. The collected water samples exhibit common chemical features, typical of water–rock interaction processes in volcanic areas. Analyses of minor and trace elements confirmed the abovementioned results, indicating the presence of an atmospheric pollution source for heavy metals, although their concentrations are mostly below the Maximum Admitted Concentrations for drinking water issued by the World Health Organization. The chemical composition of dissolved gases indicated that both lake and groundwater are mainly enriched in CO2. Isotopic analyses suggested a clear volcanic origin for CO2 dissolved in lake water, while carbon dioxide in groundwater from the Roman emissary is produced by soil respiration. As further confirmed by Oxygen and Deuterium isotopic composition, the Roman emissary drains local suspended aquifers neither in contact with the lake water body nor influenced by volcanic activity, suggesting the opportunity to use the tunnel as a “zero-condition” monitoring site for individuating a possible future renewal of volcanic activity.

Language, Structure, and Reuse in the Electronic Health Record.

Medical language is at the heart of the electronic health record (EHR), with up to 70 percent of the information in that record being recorded in the natural language, free-text portion. In moving from paper medical records to EHRs, we have opened up opportunities for the reuse of this clinical information through automated search and analysis. Natural language, however, is challenging for computational methods. This paper examines the tension between the nuanced, qualitative nature of medical language and the logical, structured nature of computation as well as the way in which these have interacted with each other through the medium of the EHR. The paper also examines the potential for the computational analysis of natural language to overcome this tension.

Transparency and Accountability: The Province of Monza and Brianza Experience

The Open Government strategy is directed to supply a new institutional communication paradigm based on access and reuse of data and information and on the participation of the stakeholders. The focus is mostly centered on the opportunities that transparency, as a strategic asset, offers in order to repositioning the image of the Province, the subject of a deep institutional reorganization. In particular, the synergy produced by both the legal requirements to transparency and the recent innovations introduced by Legislative Decree 97/2016 foster new perspectives in order to consider this intermediate institution an open-access subject able to provide stakeholders with information, data and clear, timely and constantly updated documents.

Business Process Modelling based on Petri nets

Business process modelling is the way business processes are expressed. Business process modelling is the foundation of business process analysis, reengineering, reorganization and optimization. It can not only help enterprises to achieve internal information system integration and reuse, but also help enterprises to achieve with the external collaboration. Based on the prototype Petri net, this paper adds time and cost factors to form an extended generalized stochastic Petri net. It is a formal description of the business process. The semi-formalized business process modelling algorithm based on Petri nets is proposed. Finally, The case from a logistics company proved that the modelling algorithm is correct and effective.

Safe Practices for Copy and Paste in the EHR. Systematic Review, Recommendations, and Novel Model for HealthIT Collaboration.

Copy and paste functionality can support efficiency during clinical documentation, but may promote inaccurate documentation with risks for patient safety. The Partnership for Health IT Patient Safety was formed to gather data, conduct analysis, educate, and disseminate safe practices for safer care using health information technology (IT). To characterize copy and paste events in clinical care, identify safety risks, describe existing evidence, and develop implementable practice recommendations for safe reuse of information via copy and paste. The Partnership 1) reviewed 12 reported safety events, 2) solicited expert input, and 3)performed a systematic literature review (2010 to January 2015) to identify publications addressing frequency, perceptions/attitudes, patient safety risks, existing guidance, and potential interventions and mitigation practices. The literature review identified 51 publications that were included. Overall, 66% to 90% of clinicians routinely use copy and paste. One study of diagnostic errors found that copy and paste led to 2.6% of errors in which a missed diagnosis required patients to seek additional unplanned care. Copy and paste can promote note bloat, internal inconsistencies, error propagation, and documentation in the wrong patient chart. Existing guidance identified specific responsibilities for authors, organizations, and electronic health record (EHR) developers. Analysis of 12 reported copy and paste safety events was congruent with problems identified from the literature review. Despite regular copy and paste use, evidence regarding direct risk to patient safety remains sparse, with significant study limitations. Drawing on existing evidence, the Partnership developed four safe practice recommendations: 1) Provide a mechanism to make copy and paste material easily identifiable; 2) Ensure the provenance of copy and paste material is readily available; 3) Ensure adequate staff training and education; 4) Ensure copy and paste practices are regularly monitored, measured, and assessed.

Bolegweb Platform – Contribution to the Web Communities

The effective access to and reuse of geospatial information (GI) has come to be of critical value in modern knowledge based society. The standardized web services defined by Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) are frequently used for the implementation of a spatial data infrastructure (SDI), to expose geospatial data, metadata and models on the Web. These GI are normally stored in an encoded geospatial layer, which is hidden from search engines. SDI uses a catalogue service for the web as a gateway to GI through the metadata defined by ISO standards, which are structurally diverse to OGC metadata. Therefore, a crosswalk needs to be implemented to bridge the OGC resources discovered on mainstream web with those documented by metadata in an SDI to enrich its information extent. We have to build mechanisms allowing entrepreneurs and developers access the information SDI is providing to build their apps. The paper reports a global wide and user friendly platform of OGC resources available on the web with the main goal to ensure and enhance the use of GI within a multidisciplinary context and to bridge the geospatial web from the end-user perspective, thus to open its borders to more web communities. The platform has been developed in the research project Borderless Geospatial Web (Bolegweb).

Practical Application of the Dublin Core Standard for Enterprise Metadata Management

EDITOR'S SUMMARYLarge organizations relying heavily on knowledge work require effective capture and reuse of information, enabled through consistent use of standardized enterprise content metadata. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has undertaken a standardization effort, building an internal content schema based on established metadata field standards that are content‐ and application‐agnostic but locally customizable for application to a broad variety of repositories. The JPL adopted the Dublin Core standard, with its Simple and Qualified properties as well as further refined Custom sub‐properties. The JPL Resource Schema serves as an enterprise‐wide metadata standard, while specific application profiles state the available fields and field labels for each repository or content management system. The schema's terms are drawn from two distinct but semantically related vocabularies and linked by an intermediary registry tying granular listings for specific applications to enterprise‐level terms. The registry mappings permit the use of both local metadata and higher level or external systems. The effort has demonstrated the importance of consistent application of both granular and general metadata for information capture and revealed important lessons about adopting the Dublin Core standard in a large enterprise setting.

Proyecto de catalogación por descriptores en serie de consultas en un archivo de gestión de titularidad pública

Este informe describe el proceso para la implementación y realización de proyectos de catalogación por descriptores, de la información contenida en documentos de series de expedientes de consultas y respuestas en archivos de gestión de instituciones públicas. Estas consideraciones se abordan con un enfoque sistémico. Después de explicar los primeros resultados obtenidos en la ejecución del proyecto por la empresa Pons Seguridad Vial en una institución de la Administración pública española, el informe concluye con la importancia de discriminar la información clave dentro del gran volumen informativo del que dispone una institución. De esta forma, prima la eficiencia en la recuperación de la información y la rapidez con la que está disponible para su reutilización. También se destacan la trascendencia y potencialidades que brindan las series documentales de expedientes de consultas y respuestas en archivos de gestión para llevar a cabo este tipo de proyectos, que en nada pueden sustituir los procesos archivísticos ordinarios.