Information Processing Theory Research Articles

Bolstering the adaptive information processing model: a narrative review

In recent years, several theoretical models have been suggested as complementary to the adaptative information processing model of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy. A narrative review of such models was conducted to assess the contributions of each, as well as their convergences, contradictions, and potential complementarity. Seven theoretical models were identified. All focus on the effects of EMDR therapy as a comprehensive psychotherapy approach with its principles, procedures, and protocols. Several refer to concepts related to propositional or predictive processing theories. Overall, the contribution of these proposals does appear to bolster Shapiro’s original AIP model, potentially offering additional depth and breadth to case conceptualization and treatment planning in clinical practice, as well as a more precise theoretical understanding. The current exploratory comparative analysis may serve as a preliminary baseline to guide research into the relative merit of suggested theoretical proposals to enhance current standards for the clinical practice and teaching of EMDR therapy.

Exploring the journey of influencers in shaping social media engagement success

This study unfolds nuanced insights into the diverse dimensions dictating the success of social media influencers. Analyzing more than 210,000 social media posts and utilizing the Heuristic-Systematic Model of Information Processing (HSM), this study explores diverse factors, including individual appearance characteristics, depth of persuasive power, and various influencer types. The findings of this study shed light on the distinct impacts of varying influencer archetypes, such as celebrities and micro-celebrities, on user engagement and reveal the nuanced moderating effects of these archetypes on the relationships intertwined with personal attributes, persuasive potency, and influencer success. The proposed model advocates that influencers who leverage more profound, systematic processing strategies, marked by detailed information analysis and conveyance, are poised to experience elevated user engagement compared to counterparts employing heuristic modalities, distinguished by practical mental shortcuts and superficial examinations. This elucidation accentuates the imperative of harmonizing heuristic and systematic methodologies for emerging influencers and brands aspiring to optimize user engagement and efficaciously mold consumer behavior. This paper encapsulates a comprehensive exploration of the dynamic landscapes of influencer marketing via the HSM prism, delivering profound insights and practical ramifications for scholars, marketers, and influencers aiming to navigate and exploit the intricate networks of influential determinants in the ever-evolving digital marketing domain.

Are You Watching or Warning? the Role of Comprehension, Warning Lead Time and Prior Experience On Individual Preparation of Tornadic Events

This study examines how prior experience with tornados and predicted warning lead times of severe weather may influence one’s willingness to take protective action when a potential tornadic event is imminent. Using theoretical constructs from the Protective Action Decision Model and Risk Information Seeking and Processing model, the project examines how individuals make decisions about taking protective action and what factors motivate them during severe weather. The overall focus of the study is the impact of prior experience with tornados, geographic location and amount of warning lead time on an individual’s likelihood to prepare for potential severe weather. A survey of 679 mid-south residents provided insight into their perceptions of warning language and events. Results indicated that individuals who live in rural areas and those who have more prior experience with tornadic events are more likely to engage in protective behavior. Further, an interaction was noted, indicating those with more prior experience with tornados reporting that they needed less warning lead time to prepare when compared to those with less prior experience, who reported they wished for more lead warning time. Finally, definitions of “tornado warning” noted that more than half of participants did correctly identify its meaning.

New Thoughts on Research Framework for Integrating Leader Voice-Taking Behavior: A Literature Review Based Study

Objective: The purpose of this study is to conduct a relatively comprehensive literature review with leader voice-taking behavior as the core dimension in order to construct a logical quantitative research framework for studying organizational innovation in the hospitality industry. Theoretical Framework: The framework can be used to guide the optimization of management processes in Chinese hospitality industry, especially in response to corporate innovation problems caused by leaders who do not pay attention to the voices of their front-line employees (FLEs). Method: This study used a theoretical integration of a conventional review of literature textual research, drawing on persuasion theory, social information processing theory, and affective event theory to explain a model of leader voice-taking behavior. Results and Discussion: The findings of this paper more systematically integrates the logical relationships between the dimensions related to leader voice-taking behavior, including message factors (promotive voice, prohibitive voice, issue importance, voice directness), source factors (employee’s voice efficacy, value congruence, employee loyalty, employee expertise) and context factors (diversity, LMX) as predictable antecedents of leader voice-taking behavior. On the other hand, FOCC and affective factors (positive emotions, relational energy) are potentially mediating the relationship between leader discourse behavior and service innovation in FLEs. Research Implications: This study provides theoretical support for leadership-employee related behavioral theories, emphasizes the role of voice-taking behavior in corporate innovation, and is instructive for quantitative analysis of Chinese hospitality industry related to this type of research. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature review by leader voice-taking behavior. This is academically capable of guiding other related research and has a strong academic value.

The double‐edged sword of ethical leadership: Investigating when and why ethical leadership promotes versus inhibits team performance

AbstractAlthough previous studies pointed towards a positive association of ethical leadership and team performance, we suggest that ethical leadership may have unintended, paradoxical effects on interpersonal dynamics within the team, and, ultimately, team performance. Drawing on social information processing theory, we propose that ethical leadership can be a mixed blessing, with paradoxical impacts on team performance via two distinct pathways—task and relationship conflicts, contingent upon the team's informal power disparity. Specifically, we propose that ethical leadership has a positive indirect effect on team performance via reducing relationship conflict but a negative indirect effect on team performance via suppressing task conflict. Those indirect effects are more pronounced when the team has a more egalitarian power structure among their members. Results from a three‐wave field study, in which we surveyed 90 work teams in China, provided support for our conceptual model. Our findings reveal the benefits and costs of ethical leadership and the importance of examining informal power disparity in this leadership process.

The Effects of Price Context and Prior Product Knowledge on Consumers’ Product Evaluations

This research examines how consumers rely on price and prior product knowledge in product quality evaluations. To understand the interaction effects of price context and prior product knowledge on quality evaluations, a conceptual framework based on cue utilization theory and information processing theory was developed. It is proposed that low knowledgeable consumers are more likely to use price as a quality indicator in a low-priced context; moderate knowledgeable consumers tend to rely on their knowledge to make product evaluations; high knowledgeable consumers are more likely to use their product knowledge in a high-priced context. Experimental studies were conducted using student subjects to test the proposed hypotheses. Results of the experiments showed significant interaction effects between price context and prior knowledge on quality evaluations. A significant quadratic relationship between the use of price and the level of prior product knowledge was observed only in a low-priced context, providing support for the proposed hypotheses in the conceptual model.

Computable phenotype for diagnostic error: developing the data schema for application of symptom-disease pair analysis of diagnostic error (SPADE).

Diagnostic errors are the leading cause of preventable harm in clinical practice. Implementable tools to quantify and target this problem are needed. To address this gap, we aimed to generalize the Symptom-Disease Pair Analysis of Diagnostic Error (SPADE) framework by developing its computable phenotype and then demonstrated how that schema could be applied in multiple clinical contexts. We created an information model for the SPADE processes, then mapped data fields from electronic health records (EHR) and claims data in use to that model to create the SPADE information model (intention) and the SPADE computable phenotype (extension). Later we validated the computable phenotype and tested it in four case studies in three different health systems to demonstrate its utility. We mapped and tested the SPADE computable phenotype in three different sites using four different case studies. We showed that data fields to compute an SPADE base measure are fully available in the EHR Data Warehouse for extraction and can operationalize the SPADE framework from provider and/or insurer perspective, and they could be implemented on numerous health systems for future work in monitor misdiagnosis-related harms. Data for the SPADE base measure is readily available in EHR and administrative claims. The method of data extraction is potentially universally applicable, and the data extracted is conveniently available within a network system. Further study is needed to validate the computable phenotype across different settings with different data infrastructures.

The interplay effects of digital technologies, green integration, and green innovation on food supply chain sustainable performance: an organizational information processing theory perspective

Green integration (GIT) and green innovation (GIO) in food supply chains (FSCs) have the potential to attain sustainability with the facilitation of digital technologies (DTs). Nevertheless, few studies have been conducted regarding the effectiveness of DTs and GIT in determining GIO and sustained FSC. Furthermore, an unsustainable food supply chain is a globally recognised problem that needs immediate, multidimensional holistic measures. Therefore, the present study tests the interplay effects of GIT, GIO, and DTs in FSC sustainable performance (FSCSP) under the strategic configuration for information-processing fit, i.e., organizational information processing theory (OIPT) perspective. A combined approach of structural equation modelling (SEM) and artificial neural network (ANN) was used to examine the collected responses from different related industries and validate the robustness of the proposed hypothesis through ANN. The findings demonstrate that the usage of DTs has a favourable impact on GIO and GIT. Furthermore, GI has a positive influence on GIO. Finally, both GIO and GI have a positive impact on FSCSP. Theoretically, under the strategic alignment for information-processing fit, the study’s findings suggest that GIT and GIO improve their FSC strategies and practically keep the FSC ahead of the competition for the long haul by ensuring sustainability. It is clear from the results of this research that practitioners should support more DTs to promote GIT, GIO, and FSCSP. This research fills a significant gap in the literature by analyzing the unexplored connections across the FSCSP, GIT, GIO, and DTs as facilitators in the context of sustainability.

Retrospective perceptions of support for career development among PhD graduates from US and New Zealand universities

Purpose PhD graduates are entering an increasing range of careers, but past research has highlighted a lack of preparation for these careers. This study aims to explore the reflections of PhD graduates from science and humanities and social science disciplines regarding support for career development (CD) during their study. Design/methodology/approach The authors used an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design and collected 136 survey responses and interviewed 21 PhD graduates from two US and one New Zealand universities to investigate their career readiness. Using the lens of Cognitive Information Processing theory, the authors explored the development of self-knowledge and career options-knowledge, and how support at the macro (institutional), meso (departmental) and micro (supervisors) levels influenced CD. Findings During doctoral study, there was very poor engagement with CD activities. Graduates displayed limited self-knowledge and poor knowledge about career options. Graduates reported drawing mainly on their departments and supervisors for career guidance. Although there were pockets of good practice, some departments were perceived as promoting academia as the only successful outcome, neglecting to support other possible pathways. Some graduates reported excellent supervisor support for CD, but others described disinterest or a damaging response if students said they were not wanting to pursue academia. Originality/value The enabling aspects for developing self- and options-knowledge are collated into a conceptual model, which identifies key factors at institutional, departmental and supervisor levels, as well as for PhD students themselves.

일반계 고등학생 진로분별력 개념모형 개발

Objectives The purposes of this study were to investigate the definition of career savvy that fits general high school students and its components and variables for the conceptual model. Methods For the purpose of this study, a conceptual model draft of career savvy was derived based on a comprehensive review of literature in business administration and pedagogy as well as two main theories which are trait-factor theory and cognitive information processing theory. With a conceptual model draft, Delphi surveys were conducted three times on eight career education experts. Results As a result of the Delphi survey, a conceptual model of career savvy was made and it was agreed upon by the expert panel and its validity was secured. Carrer savvy is the concept that consists of 3 components (career information collecting competence, career strategic formulation ability, and career meta-cognition ability). Specifically, career information collecting competence has 3 factors(technological ability, Networking ability, and critical acceptance ability). Career strategic formulation ability includes 4 factors(finding the gaps, analysis, synthesis, and executing). Career meta-cognition ability forms 2 factors(knowledge meta-cognition, process meta-cognition). Conclusions Career savvy consists of three components which are the ability to collect career information, the ability to formulate career strategies, and the ability of career meta-cognition and these components also contain more specific variables. The Career savvy conceptual model of this study can be used as a foundation for customized career education to improve the future career competency of general high school students.

Social cognition in children with neurofibromatosis type 1

ABSTRACT Introduction Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic pathology that can lead to impaired social functioning that has a negative impact on patients’ quality of life. To date, although the hypothesis of impaired social cognition has been proposed as a potential explanation for these difficulties, very few studies have focused on theory of mind in children with NF1. Furthermore, other complex sociocognitive abilities have never been investigated. The aim of the present study was to assess theory of mind, moral reasoning, and social information processing in children with NF1 compared with a control group. Method We administered the Paediatric Evaluation of Emotions, Relationships and Socialization® to 38 children with NF1 aged between 8 years and 16 years 11 months (mean = 11.4, SD = 2.3) and 43 control children with comparable sociodemographic characteristics. Results Patients performed significantly worse than controls on moral reasoning and social information processing tests, but there was no significant difference on theory of mind. Conclusions These results seem to confirm the presence of social cognition difficulties in NF1 that could explain, at least in part, their social difficulties, although not all dimensions are concerned. The differences between the processes we assessed are discussed in relation to the methodologies used to measure them, and raises questions about the complementarity of traditional tools and more ecological assessments.

Digital transformation as the fuel for sailing toward sustainable success: the roles of coordination mechanisms and social norms

PurposeSailing toward sustainability is becoming the strategic focus of shipping firms. Drawing on organizational information processing theory (OIPT) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB), we investigated the impact of digital transformation (DT) on shipping firms’ sustainable management performance and the boundary conditions guiding this relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe authors examined the hypotheses by employing hierarchical linear modeling on two-wave time-lagged data from 189 shipping firm employees in China.FindingsThe results suggest that a shipping firm’s DT is positively associated with its sustainable management performance and that the relationship is strengthened by having better cross-functional and customer coordination mechanisms. Furthermore, our three-way interaction analyses show that while injunctive norms in a shipping firm’s networks can strengthen the contingency roles of both cross-functional and customer coordination mechanisms, descriptive norms alone significantly influence customer coordination.Originality/valueDrawing on organizational information processing and planned behavior theories, the present research provides new insights into leveraging DT for sailing toward sustainable success. Moreover, this study extends the current understandings of the boundary conditions of the relationship between DT and sustainable management performance by showing the two-way and three-way interaction effects of coordination mechanisms and subjective norms. The findings of the present research can be utilized as effective strategies for promoting sustainable management performance.

Deployment of information processing theory to support adaptive e-learning systems: Feasibility study

Digital transformation has led to the exponential advancement of e-learning platforms. Multimedia content plays a vital role in supporting knowledge dissemination for adaptive e-learning systems. However, online learners' cognitive preferences towards such multimedia contents have been less explored, and most of the e-learning adaptive systems models have not yet enrolled learners' cognitive processes. Thus, the digital divide between millennials and generation Z has evolved due to the lack of dynamic personalization of e-learning multimedia content with respect to learners' metacognitive styles. In order to address that challenge, this feasibility study approach is aimed at exploring the possibility of deploying information processing theory on adaptive e-learning platforms to support the enrolment of learners' metacognitive styles for e-learning multimedia content personalization, which in turn eradicates the existing digital divide. This study survey results suggest that the deployment of information processing theory on adaptive e-learning systems is feasible and optimal learning can be obtained when multimedia content personalization meets generation Z preferences.

Application of wireless sensor network based on improved genetic algorithm in English blended learning

Adaptive genetic algorithm is one of the classic algorithms to solve multi-objective optimization problems. In order to make the convergence set to the Pareto boundary more uniform, this article improves how to compare multiple distances in the algorithm, introduces the concept of comparing the difference between single distances, and uses the adaptive and mutation of crossover operators and the minimum distance filtering mechanism. An improved NSGA-II adaptive algorithm is proposed. Among other things, in the machine learning system model, the environment refers to an external source of information, which provides research-related information. This study proved that learning requires systematic organization, similar to short-term memory in information processing models. Find the external environment, then use the methods of thinking analysis, integration, comparison and induction to obtain knowledge, and store the knowledge in a scientific way. With the rapid development of knowledge in modern society, on the basis of the development of English text analysis technology and network technology, the reform of China's education system has reached a new level. Reforming modern teaching methods is an important part of education reform. More and more educators are considering analyzing English texts as one of the important tools to reform teaching methods and improve teaching effects. Among other things, based on the B/S model development technology, the teaching system is researched using production theories and methods, and the teaching system is actually being tested, developed and applied. By comparing the effects of computer network teaching methods and traditional teaching methods, the feasibility and effectiveness of the network teaching system are determined.

Investigating the relationship between green human resource management and employees' environmental behavior

AbstractAlthough accumulated evidence has shown that green human resource management (GHRM) has crucial effects on employees' environmental behavior, there is limited research on the underlying mechanisms of the link. Drawing on social information processing theory, we build a multilevel model to test that how and when GHRM has benefits for employees' environmental behavior. For a sample of 866 frontline employees organized into 53 hotels collected from three data sources, we find that GHRM is positively associated with work group green advocacy, which in turn is positively associated with employees' environmental behavior. Moreover, managerial interpretations of environmental issues strengthen the positive effect of work group green advocacy on employees' environmental behavior. Theoretical and practical implications of our results are discussed.

Will human capital humble CEOs? Effects of career variety and education

ABSTRACT Integrating human capital theory, social information processing theory, and literature on humble leadership behaviours, this study takes an initial step to investigate the effects of CEO human capital on CEO humble leadership behaviours. We developed a model that explains how experience human capital (career variety) and education human capital (education level and elite education) independently and jointly influence CEO humble leadership behaviours. We examined the proposed model using multi-source data. The data of the independent variables were hand-collected from multiple sources, including the CSMAR database, corporate websites, and press releases. The data of the dependent variable were collected with an online survey from 175 listed companies. We found that career variety positively influenced CEO humble leadership behaviours, while elite education was negatively associated with CEO humble leadership behaviours. Moreover, career variety and education level had a positive interaction effect on CEO humble leadership behaviours, while career variety and elite education had a negative interaction effect on CEO humble leadership behaviours. Our findings highlight that different types of human capital may exert different impacts. Moreover, apart from the direct impact of one specific type of human capital, various types of human capital can interact to influence CEO humble leadership behaviours.

Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy for prolonged grief: theory, research, and practice.

Prolonged Grief Disorder occurs within 7-10% of the bereaved population and is a more complicated and persistent form of grief which has been associated with suicidality, mental health disorders, sleep disturbance, poor health behaviors, and work and social impairment. EMDR is a fitting treatment option for those with Prolonged Grief, focusing on processing past memories, blocks, current triggers, future fears, and preparing the person for living life beyond the loss in line with the Adaptive Information Processing Model and grief frameworks. This paper discusses the theory, research regarding the application of EMDR with prolonged grief, and gives insight and guidance to clinicians working in this area including a case example.

Social Identities and Cognitive Information Processing Theory: A Qualitative Analysis

Social identities impact the way individuals see themselves and their career options but career theories have been slow to the call in exploring how social identities interface with theoretical assumptions. The purpose of this study was to examine how social identities affect and inform specific dimensions identified by cognitive information processing (CIP) theory as being essential for effective career decision-making, that is, self-knowledge, options knowledge, decision-making process and skills, career beliefs, and overall career decision. Seventy-six students across ten sections of an undergraduate CIP-based career development course answered questions on an anonymous survey related to how their social identities impacted aspects of their career decision-making. Frequencies for social identities were calculated for each CIP dimension, and 11 categories identified for open-ended responses using the consensual qualitative research-modified approach accompanied pre-determined domains based on CIP theory. Across each component, the most common SI was age and generational differences. While students expressed the influence of social identities as occurring in each CIP dimension, statements related to the self-concept category occurred most often and were present in each domain. Our findings support previous work that the presence and impact of SIs on career decision-making components is undeniable, but also not universal. CIP theory provides a structure and avenues for discussing the role of social identities in career decision-making.

How does humble leadership stimulate employees’ service improvisation in hospitality? A social information processing perspective

PurposeDrawing on social information processing theory (SIP), this paper examines whether and how humble leadership affects employees' service improvisation (ESI) in the hospitality industry. Further, the study investigates the mediating role of psychological safety and the moderating role of creative self-efficacy (CSE).Design/methodology/approachTo test the proposed relationships, the study adopts a cross-sectional design, administering questionnaires to 456 frontline staff in Egypt’s hospitality industry across three main sectors: restaurants, hotels and travel agencies. SPSS 27 and AMOS 22 were used for statistical analysis.FindingsThe study reveals a positive relationship between humble leadership and ESI, partially mediated by psychological safety. Furthermore, CSE not only strengthens the relationship between psychological safety and ESI but also enhances the indirect effect of humble leadership on ESI via psychological safety.Practical implicationsThe study offers valuable insights for practitioners in the hospitality industry. To boost ESI, organizations can incorporate humble leadership attributes into their leadership development programs. Fostering a psychologically safe workplace would facilitate the positive impact of humble leadership on ESI. Recognizing CSE as a pivotal moderator underscores the importance of strategically selecting and developing employees with high CSE. These insights aim to cultivate a more service-oriented and effective workforce in the hospitality industry.Originality/valueThis study significantly contributes to leadership research in the hospitality industry by uncovering a previously unexplored link between humble leadership and ESI. Exploring psychological safety as a mediator and CSE as a moderator enhances our comprehension of how and when humble leadership influences ESI.

A qualitative study of career decision making among African and Asian international medical students in China: process, challenges, and strategies.

China hosts around 68,000 international medical students (IMSs) primarily from lower income countries in Africa and Asia, who have the potential to contribute to international medical services. Understanding how these IMSs make career decisions can help better address the issue of global medical workforce shortage. However, such research is limited. Our study aims to explore the career decision-making process of China-educated IMSs, the challenges they experienced and the strategies they employed.In this exploratory qualitative study, we conducted semi-structured interviews with IMSs educated in China in 2022 using purposeful sampling. Twenty virtual one-on-one interviews were conducted, and data were analysed through directed qualitative content analysis. Cognitive Information Processing (CIP) theory was applied as the guiding framework for organising and analysing the data.The career decision-making process of the participants generally followed the stages of decision-making cycle in CIP theory, with a combination of urgent migration decisions and specialisation considerations adding layers of complexity to their career trajectories. Identified challenges encompassed lack of knowledge about oneself and career options, lack of decision-making skills, concerns of contextual complexities that limited the career decision-making process, low motivation and negative thoughts. Specific challenges due to their role as IMSs arose, which were related to career information access, self-capability evaluation, degree accreditation, employment competitiveness and mental states. Participants' proposed strategies were categorised into personal and institutional aspects, providing insights into addressing these challenges.This study substantiates and expands the application of the CIP theory within the sphere of the particular cultural and educational context of IMSs educated in China. It highlights the significance of integrating migration decision-making into career guidance for IMSs, and contributes to the literature by proposing an evidence-based tiered career intervention programme for IMSs.