Information Presentation Format Research Articles

Unpacking the complexities of information overload in early-stage online booking: The moderating effects of information presentation and regulatory focus

Online Travel Agents (OTAs) have become pivotal marketing channels in the tourism and hospitality industry, providing tourists with a variety of rich and timely information. However, excessive information can lead to information overload, which can negatively affect the decision-making process and potentially lead to delayed or abandoned bookings. This study aims to investigate the role of information overload in tourists’ early decision-making in the context of online hotel booking. 2 (information load: high vs. low) × 2 (information presentation format: alternative-vs. attribute-based display) × 2 (regulatory focus: promotion-vs. prevention-focus) between-subjects scenario-based experiment was conducted with 305 Chinese adult participants. The results showed that information overload occurs in the early stages of online booking decision and is influenced by the interaction of information presentation format and regulatory focus. Regulatory focus can influence tourists’ information presentation format preferences under high information load conditions. When the appropriate information presentation format is applied to an individual's regulatory focus, information processing becomes more fluid, thereby reducing information overload. The findings emphasize the importance of matching information presentation to an individual's regulatory focus to minimize information overload and provide practical implications for OTAs.

Does Financial Information Presentation Format Matter? Evidence from Research and Development Expense Reporting

Does Financial Information Presentation Format Matter? Evidence from Research and Development Expense Reporting

Forecasting returns instead of prices exacerbates financial bubbles

Expectations of future returns are pivotal for investors’ trading decisions, and are therefore an important determinant of the evolution of actual returns. Evidence from individual choice experiments with exogenously given time series of returns suggests that subjects’ return forecasts are substantially affected by how they are elicited and by the format in which subjects receive information about past asset performance. In order to understand the impact of these effects found at the individual level on market dynamics, we consider a learning to forecast experiment where prices and returns are endogenously determined and depend directly upon subjects’ forecasts. We vary both the variable (prices or returns) subjects observe and the variable (prices or returns) they have to forecast, with the same underlying data generating process for each treatment. Although there is no significant effect of the presentation format of past information, we do find that markets are significantly more unstable when subjects have to forecast returns instead of prices. Our results therefore show that the elicitation format may exacerbate, or even create, bubbles and crashes in financial markets.

Prototyping an Online Virtual Simulation Course Platform for College Students to Learn Creative Thinking

With the rapid development of science and technology, the ability to creative thinking has become an essential criterion for measuring talents. Current creative thinking courses for college students are affected by COVID-19 and are challenging to conduct. This study aimed to explore practical ways to teach creative thinking knowledge online and explored design opportunities for working on this teaching activity online. Through qualitative interviews, we found that the factors that influenced the design of the online virtual simulation course platform were focused on five dimensions: information presentation, platform characteristics, course assessment, instruction design, and presentation format. Through the analysis of user requirements, we obtained six corresponding design guidelines. Based on the knowledge system of design thinking, we set up eight modules in the course platform and developed a prototype including 100 user interfaces. We invited three experts and 30 users to conduct cognitive walk-through sessions and made design iterations based on the feedback. After user evaluation, dimensions of attractiveness, efficiency, dependability, and novelty reached excellent rating and were recognized by users.

Influence of Information Presentation Format on Decision-Making: A Literature Review with A Focus on Cognitive Fit Theory

Influence of Information Presentation Format on Decision-Making: A Literature Review with A Focus on Cognitive Fit Theory

Framing effects of information on investment risk perception

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to verify whether the framing effects of past performance information affect the risk perception of individuals for fixed-income and variable income fund. We assess whether risk perception varies depending on how information is communicated to investors, considering the relevance of possible framing effects arising from how information is presented in investment funds’ prospectuses and reports. This study is aimed at investors (individual and institutional) and fund industry regulators, highlighting the importance of past performance presentation. This article aims to contribute to the area by investigating how investors are influenced by varying perceptions of risk and return on fixed-income and variable-income assets, depending on information presentation format. The approach used is based on a 2x2 factorial quasi-experiment, in which format (within-subject) and time horizon (between-subjects) effects are tested in a sample of 143 respondents. Our results indicate that, for investment in a variable-income fund, a monthly yield presentation format leads to higher perceived risk, and that a framing emphasizing fund value evolution leads to higher perceived returns. As for investment in a fixed-income fund, the framing that emphasizes fund value leads to both higher perceived risk and higher perceived returns. When comparing the results for the two types of investments, the risk perception was higher for variable-income than for fixed income funds. However, perceived returns were higher for fixed income than for variable-income funds due to the framing effect, although realized returns do not corroborate this perception.

How information presentation formats influence usage behaviour of course management systems: flow diagram navigation versus menu navigation

ABSTRACT Educational informatisation (e.g. e-learning, m-learning, massive open online courses (MOOCs)) has actively increased, leading to a greater focus on the design and development of course management systems. In this study, a research model based on cognitive fit theory and scanpath theory is proposed to investigate how information presentation formats (flow diagram navigation versus menu navigation) of a course management system influence user experience and intention. Performance load (cognitive load and kinematic load) and user perception (perceived usefulness and ease of use) are considered to evaluate user experience. The results of an eye tracking experiment utilised in this research reveal the following. First, information presentation formats can significantly influence user experience of course management systems. Second, flow diagram navigation fits students’ tasks better and leads to lower performance load and better use perception. Third, performance load and user perception shows a significant effect on user satisfaction and thereby affect the intention. These findings deepen our understanding of the importance of information presentation and enrich its theoretical foundation for course management systems development. Practically, these findings provide designers with guidelines on how to improve user experience and increase use intention by varying information presentation formats.

The effect of message framing and the presentation of health vs. social consequences on health risk perception

With health prevention campaigns health insurance providers can increase the perception of health risks among customers in order to promote healthy behaviour. The presentation format of health information has a significant influence on the health-related behaviour of customers. We investigate in our experimental study the impact of positive vs. negative presentation (message framing) as well as the presentation of health vs. social consequences in health prevention campaigns on health risk perception. The results reveal that loss- (vs. gain-) framed messages and the presentation of health (vs. social) consequences increase health risk perception more strongly. This effect is mediated by a stronger perceived severity of health (vs. social) consequences. Women perceive health (vs. social) consequences more likely and closer in time than men. Our findings show the importance of increasing health risk perception in order to promote healthy behaviour intentions.

The impact of information disclosure on consumer purchase behavior on sharing economy platform Airbnb

Via the empirical evidences from Airbnb from eight major cities in U.S., we examine the role of information disclosure in influencing consumers' purchase behavior on this sharing economy platform. We analyze information disclosure from four aspects – namely, what information (i.e., information content), from where (i.e., information source), in what format (information presentation format), and how much (the quantity of information). We find all three information sources – providers, platform, and peer consumers – influence consumer purchase behavior. Regarding information posted by providers, we find a concave relationship between room information (i.e. the number of photos and the length of description) and consumer purchase behavior. However, no significant relationship between providers' self-description (texts and photos) and consumer purchase behavior is found. Regarding information posted by platform, both the recommendation from platform and provider verification information positively influence consumer purchase behavior. For provider-consumer interactions information, the providers' high response rate and fast response speed enhance consumer purchase behavior. However, providing connections to providers' social media profiles negatively influences consumers' purchasing behavior. Regarding the information from peer consumers, we find although consumers' overall ratings positively affect consumer purchase behavior, such influence diminishes when the ratings exceed certain thresholds. Our study provides implications for platform owners to optimize information presentation layout directly through the platform design or indirectly through the guidance to the providers' information disclosure to facilitate consumers’ information search and acquisition to reduce the perceived risk, enhance trust on providers and the platform, and thus enhance their purchase intention and behavior.

Determinan Bias Boundary dan Bias Pengambilan Keputusan: Perspektif Bounded Rationality Theory

In accounting, decision is an important aspect but prone to bias in its making process. Limitation in decision making that lead to bias is driven by some bound. This study aims to enunciate some bounds and identify bias determinant in decision making process. Literature review is employed to analyze thirty-four articles since 1986 until 2018 from renown journal publisher such as science direct, emerald, & Jstor regarding decision making in business field. The results shows that there are 9 bias determinant in decision making process such as task complexity, information presentation format, quality and quantity of information/data, situation/environment, competency, method, experience, personality trait and motivation. This article contribute to body of literature and decision makers by provide gap on decision making on the context of judgment bias and bias determinant that should take in to account before making a decision for better result.

A systematic review of factors associated with side-effect expectations from medical interventions.

BackgroundFear of side‐effects can result in non‐adherence to medical interventions, such as medication and chemotherapy. Side‐effect expectations have been identified as strong predictors of later perception of side‐effects. However, research investigating predictors of side‐effect expectations is disparate.ObjectiveTo identify factors associated with side‐effect expectations.Search strategyWe systematically searched Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, Global Health, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Scopus.Inclusion criteriaStudies were included if they investigated associations between any predictive factor and expectations of side‐effects from any medical intervention.Data extraction and synthesisWe extracted information about participant characteristics, medication, rates of side‐effects expected and predictors of side‐effect expectations. Data were narratively synthesized.Main resultsWe identified sixty‐four citations, reporting on seventy‐two studies. Predictors fell into five categories: personal characteristics, clinical characteristics, psychological traits and state, presentation format of information, and information sources used. Using verbal risk descriptors (eg ‘common’) compared to numerical descriptors (eg percentages), having lower quality of life or well‐being, and currently experiencing symptoms were associated with increased side‐effect expectations.Discussion and conclusionsDecreasing unrealistic side‐effect expectations may lead to decreased experience of side‐effects and increased adherence to medical interventions. Widespread communications about medical interventions should describe the incidence of side‐effects numerically. Evidence suggests that clinicians should take particular care with patients with lower quality of life, who are currently experiencing symptoms and who have previously experienced symptoms from treatment. Further research should investigate different clinical populations and aim to quantify the impact of the media and social media on side‐effect expectations.

A survey experiment on the effect of the presentation format of policy information used in mini-publics on issue-related knowledge

A survey experiment on the effect of the presentation format of policy information used in mini-publics on issue-related knowledge

Deliberation or distraction: How the presentation format of choice information impacts complex decision making

The authors extend unconscious thought theory by investigating how differences in the presentation of information affect subsequent conscious and unconscious thought. Three studies demonstrate that when information about choice options is presented individually, a period of conscious thought helps improve choice quality. Conversely, when information about choice options is presented across all options in an attribute-by-attribute manner, a period of unconscious thought enhances choice quality. Furthermore, these effects are generalized to the choice of real products with attribute information and presentation differences taken from a major online retailer. Implications for unconscious thought theory and buyer behavior are discussed.

Impact of Information Presentation Format on Preference for Total Knee Replacement Surgery.

Patients have a poor understanding of outcomes related to total knee replacement (TKR) surgery, with most patients underestimating the potential benefits and overestimating the risk of complications. In this study, we sought to compare the impacts of descriptive information alone or in combination with an icon array, experience condition (images), or spinner on participants' preference for TKR. A total of 648 members of an online arthritis network were randomized to 1 of 4 outcome presentation formats: numeric only, numeric with an icon array, numeric with a set of 50 images, or numeric with a functional spinner. Preferences for TKR were measured before and immediately after viewing the outcome information using an 11-point numeric rating scale. Knowledge was assessed by asking participants to report the frequency of each outcome. Participants randomized to the icon array, images, and spinner had stronger preferences for TKR (after controlling for baseline preferences) compared to those viewing the numeric only format (P < 0.05 for all mean differences). Knowledge scores were highest in participants randomized to the icon array; however, knowledge did not mediate the association between format and change in preference for TKR. Decision support at the point-of-care is being increasingly recognized as a vital component of care. Our findings suggest that adding graphic information to descriptive statistics strengthens preferences for TKR. Although experience formats using images may be too complex to use in clinical practice, icon arrays and spinners may be a viable and easily adaptable decision aid to support communication of probabilistic information.

Feature-based attributes and the roles of consumers' perception bias and inference in choice

This paper considers decision contexts wherein consumers make choices among alternatives that contain a manifest feature-based attribute: i.e., a discrete, salient and important attribute that describes a dichotomous quality, such as “genetically modified”, “organic”, or “locally grown”. We propose a choice model that can explicitly account for a) perception bias with respect to such an attribute when its information is present, and b) inference formation if this attribute information is missing for some alternatives. The impact of different information presentation formats on consumers' perception bias and inference formation is then examined by applying theories from social psychology. Our model outperforms standard Random Utility models that omit explicit representation of these phenomena. Consistent with theories considered, we find significant evidence of perception bias and inference in the choice data. Our results also provide insights on how consumers may infer the quality of a missing attribute in different competitive framing contexts. Finally, our welfare estimates show that consumers may benefit simply from the information improvement regarding government labeling policies.

A critical review of determinants of information search behavior and utilization of online reviews in decision making process (invited paper for ‘luminaries’ special issue of International Journal of Hospitality Management)

This conceptual paper provides a brief review of hospitality consumers’ information search behavior and the factors that are likely to influence their information search behavior and their utilization and processing of online reviews. This study focuses on the factors such as information overload, confusion, information processing, information presentation format, trust and evaluation mode that has not received much attention from hospitality scholars in addition to discussing the impacts of perceived risk and familiarity on information search and information processing approaches utilized by hospitality consumers. This study also discusses opportunities for hospitality researchers to empirically examine the extent to which each of the factors discussed might influence hospitality consumers information search, information processing and especially their utilization of online reviews in their decision making process.

Climate Information in Retail Investors’ Decision-Making: Evidence From a Choice Experiment

Financial markets play a decisive role in the transition to a low-carbon economy. This study investigates the role of climate information presentation for climate-friendly investing among retail investors. We conduct a choice experiment in which we vary the presentation format of climate information by means of three label designs to test their influence on investment practices. We provide empirical evidence for the effectiveness of climate labeling as a potential nudge for climate-friendly investing. Furthermore, we find heterogeneity in the influence of climate information across different label designs and cognitive characteristics of investors. Intuitive (reflective) decision makers tend to place significantly more (less) weight on funds’ climate performance compared with financial performance—irrespective of a participant’s environmental preference.

Numeracy predicts preference consistency: Deliberative search heuristics increase choice consistency for choices from description and experience

AbstractMany people exhibit inconsistent preferences when they make choices based on descriptive summaries as compared to choices based on prior experiences. Theoretically, factors that promote more deliberative and skilled decision making (e.g., statistical numeracy) should also tend to promote more consistent choices and preferences regardless of information presentation formats. To test this hypothesis, in two studies I investigated individual differences in information search strategies (e.g., the amount and direction of information search) while estimating the degree to which numeracy predicted risky choice consistency across (a) decisions-from-description and (b) the decisions-from-samples. Results from Study 1 revealed that numeracy was generally associated with more extensive sampling and greater choice consistency across paradigms. Instead of reflecting differences in logical maximizing strategies (e.g., calculating expected values), analyses indicated that highly-numerate participants largely generated consistent choices by relying on heuristic-type processes (e.g., alternated between options less and exploring options with higher outcome variability more). In Study 2, the relationship between numeracy and choice consistency was eliminated when all participants were forced to make choices after experiencing the same fixed amount of sampling (i.e., provided the same amount of information). Taken together, the results of both studies converge with and extend previous findings (e.g., Skilled Decision Theory), indicating that numerate participants may generally exhibit more consistent preferences and choices via deliberatative heuristic search during decision making.

Letters, signs, and colors: How the display of energy-efficiency information influences consumer assessments of products

The increase of energy efficiency is a major goal of many countries throughout the world. For the successful achievement, consumers must choose energy-efficient household appliances. The European Union (EU) has introduced an energy label for energy-related durables to empower consumers to make energy-friendly choices. Due to the great progress in energy efficiency and the ban of inefficient products on the market, only products in the top efficiency classes are available for many categories, while products in lower classes are no longer manufactured. However, the energy-efficiency scale on the label still displays a range of seven classes (e.g., A++–E). This paper presents a systematic analysis of the influence of the presentation format of energy-efficiency information on consumers’ assessments of products’ energy friendliness. A series of experimental studies reveals that the display of a rating scale that includes only the energy-efficiency classes of products still available in the market (i.e., a shorter scale) enhances consumers’ perceptions of the differences in energy friendliness between the classes. Consequently, the findings suggest that the format of the energy-efficiency scale significantly influences consumers’ perceptions of the energy-efficiency gains of products in higher efficiency classes, positively affecting their motivation to choose the most energy-efficient products.

How best to obtain consent to thrombolysis: Individualized decision-making.

To investigate the factors that influence the preferences of patients and their proxies concerning thrombolytic therapy and to determine how best to convey information. A total of 613 participants were randomly assigned to a positively or negatively framed group. Each participant completed a series of surveys. We applied latent class analysis (LCA) to explore participants' patterns of choices of thrombolysis and to classify the participants into different subgroups. Then we performed regression analyses to investigate predictors of classification of the participants into each subgroup and to establish a thrombolytic decision-making model. LCA indicated an optimal 3-subgroup model comprising intermediate, favorable to thrombolysis, and aversion to thrombolysis subgroups. Multiple regression analysis revealed that 10 factors predicted assignment to the intermediate subgroup and 4 factors predicted assignment to the aversion to thrombolysis subgroup compared with the favorable to thrombolysis subgroup. The χ(2) tests indicated that the information presentation format and the context of thrombolysis influenced participants' choices of thrombolysis and revealed a framing effect in different subgroups. The preference for thrombolysis was influenced by the positive vs negative framing scenarios, the format of item presentation, the context of thrombolysis, and individual characteristics. Inconsistent results may be due to participant heterogeneity and the evaluation of limited factors in previous studies. Based on a decision model of thrombolysis, physicians should consider the effects of positive vs negative framing and should seek a neutral tone when presenting the facts, providing an important reference point for health persuasion in other clinical domains.